小鼠降钙素基因相关肽基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及其在心肌细胞的表达

目的:利用AdEasy腺病毒载体系统,构建小鼠降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene-related peptide,CGRP)基因重组腺病毒载体,并验证其在心肌细胞中的表达.方法:采用RT-PCR方法扩增出含有小鼠CGRP全长cDNA的基因片段,并将其插入PUC57载体,经EcoRⅤ和SalⅠ双酶切,将小鼠CGRP基因亚克隆至穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV,形成重组质粒pShuttle-CMV-CGRP.经PmeⅠ酶切线性化后,在大肠杆菌BJ5183中与腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1同源重组产生重组腺病毒质粒AdEasy-pShuttle-CGRP.重组腺病毒质粒在XL-Gold 细胞中扩增,经PacⅠ酶切线性化后,转染人胚肾293细胞进行重组腺病毒的包装,并经氯化铯纯化得到重组腺病毒AdEasy-pShuttle-CGRP.用纯化后的重组腺病毒转染原代培养的乳鼠心肌细胞,荧光显微镜下观察转染效果.通过尾静脉导入重组腺病毒7 d后,放免法测定心肌中CGRP的表达量.结果:测序证实PUC57 -CGRP重组质粒中含有小鼠CGRP基因的cDNA;重组穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV-CGRP经双酶切鉴定后可见约7.5 kb和423 bp片段;重组腺病毒质粒AdEasy-pShuttle-CGRP经Pac Ⅰ酶切可见长约3 kb与30 kb DNA片断.转染293细胞进行包装,7 d后细胞出现病变效应,回收病毒重复感染293细胞,在荧光显微镜下可见绿色荧光蛋白表达.提取病变293细胞中重组腺病毒进行目的基因的PCR鉴定为阳性.构建好的重组腺病毒经纯化后具有很高的滴度,并且成功转染了原代培养的乳鼠心肌细胞.通过放免法证实,该载体可以显著增加小鼠心脏中CGRP的表达.结论:成功构建携带CGRP基因的重组腺病毒载体,该重组腺病毒载体AV-CGRP可以显著增加心脏中CGRP的表达量,为进一步研究CGRP基因治疗奠定了基础.     

sCD40LIg重组腺病毒载体的构建鉴定和体外表达

目的构建含有分泌型人胞外区CD40L融合蛋白(sCD40LIg)基因的重组腺病毒载体,为下一步在动物模型体内表达和基因治疗提供基础.方法分别以质粒pAdCTLA4Ig和pGEM-T-easy-sCD40L为模板,通过PCR扩增获得人源IgGFc和sCD40L基因全部序列.分别回收用连接酶连接,以连接产物为模板PCR,获得sCD40LIg基因全部序列,插入到腺病毒穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV的启动子下游BglⅡ及XhoⅠ位点之间,获得重组质粒pAdTrack-sCD40LIg.将正确重组体pAdTrack-sCD40LIg转化含腺病毒骨架质粒的pAdEasy-1-BJ5183细菌行同源重组.提取重组成功质粒,用脂质体介导转染293细胞,通过观察绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达及PCR扩增目的基因,Western blot分析蛋白表达等方法鉴定重组的腺病毒.结果成功构建了含有sCD40LIg基因的重组腺病毒并在体外表达.结论该重组腺病毒的构建为下一步研究其在哺乳动物细胞内表达及在移植排斥的基因治疗中的作用提供了一定的基础.     

GM-CSF基因腺病毒表达载体的构建及其在树突状细胞的表达

目的构建人GM-CSF基因的重组腺病毒载体,探讨其在树突状细胞(DC)中的表达。方法设计一对GM-CSF基因上下游引物,以质粒pBlu-hGM-CSF为模板,经PCR扩增获得GM-CSF基因全部序列。片段回收后经酶切,定向插入腺病毒穿梭质粒,获得重组质粒pshuttle-CMV-GM-CSF。经双酶切、PCR及插入片段测序鉴定后,将正确重组体转化包含腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的BJ5183菌。同源重组后用选择性培养基筛选阳性克隆,提取质粒,将2种重组腺病毒质粒分别进行酶切、线性化、纯化,用脂质体转染293细胞。制备病毒上清并测定其滴度,并感染人树突状细胞。结果完成构建含有人GM-CSF基因的重组腺病毒,病毒滴度Ad-GM-CSF 5.2×109pfu/mL。RT-PCR及ELISA检测证实GM-CSF在DC中表达。结论构建重组腺病毒载体,并在DC表达GM-CSF抗原蛋白。     

大鼠骨形成蛋白4基因重组腺病毒的构建

目的 利用Cre-loxP特异性位点基因重组技术构建大鼠骨形成蛋白BMP4的重组腺病毒.方法 高保真PCR得到大鼠BMP4 cDNA,克隆到质粒pCR-Blunt Ⅱ-TOPO中,然后将目的基因片段连接到中间载体质粒pDNR-CMV,测序后在Cre重组酶作用下,将BMP4 cDNA转移到腺病毒载体pLP-Ade-no-X-CMV.在HEK 293细胞中扩增重组腺病毒,并检测BMP4基因重组腺病毒在细胞中的表达和功能.结果 PCR法和限制性内切酶Xhol I消化法均证实BMP4重组腺病毒的成功构建,RT-PCR和Western Blot检测证实该重组腺病毒显著性增强了CFSC-2G细胞中BMP4的mRNA和蛋白表达水平.结论 Cre-loxP特异性位点基因重组技术是一种快速、高效构建基因重组腺病毒的方法,大鼠BMP4基因重组腺病毒的成功构建为进一步研究BMP4的细胞调控功能和BMP4基因治疗提供了良好的工具.     

人DeltaNp73α基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及其鉴定

目的 利用Adeasy腺病毒载体系统构建含人DeltaNp73α cDNA的重组腺病毒并在293细胞中扩增制备重组病毒.方法 从pcDNA3-DeltaNp73α-HA中酶切出DeltaNp73α基因,并插入pAdTrack-CMV中构建成腺病毒穿梭质粒;pAdTrack-CMV-DeltaNp73α线性化后电穿孔法转化到含有腺病毒骨架质粒pAdeasy-1的E.coli.BJ5183菌株内同源重组.筛选正确的重组质粒,PacⅠ线性化后脂质体法转染293T细胞包装成重组病毒颗粒;并在293T细胞中反复扩增;增强离心法转染树突状细胞,Western blot检测目的蛋白的表达.结果 经限制性内切酶酶切鉴定、PCR筛选、基因测序和GFP表达证实成功构建了携带DeltaNp73α cDNA的重组腺病毒载体并制备出高滴度的重组病毒;Western blot检测出预期相对分子质量为67×103的特异条带.结论 成功构建了携带DeltaNp73α cDNA的重组病毒.     

TNFα-Tumstatin融合基因腺病毒载体的构建及其在人脐带间质干细胞中的表达

目的:构建携带绿色荧光蛋白的TNFα-Tumstatin融合基因腺病毒表达载体,转染人脐带间质干细胞(human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,hUCMSCs)。方法:设计含有GM-CSF信号肽序列和BglⅡ及HindⅢ酶切位点的引物,PCR扩增TNFα-Tumstatin,将扩增产物亚克隆到穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV上,重组穿梭质粒经PmeⅠ线性化后转化含有腺病毒骨架质粒pAdEasy-1的BJ5183中同源重组。筛选获得含有融合基因的重组腺病毒质粒,酶切鉴定并测序。重组病毒质粒用PacⅠ酶切线性化后转染293A细胞,经过包装、扩增后感染hUCMSCs并检测细胞内融合基因的表达。结果:重组腺病毒质粒经PCR和PacⅠ酶切鉴定,证实含有TNFα-Tumstatin融合基因,测序结果和设计片段的序列一致。重组腺病毒感染的hUCMSCs表达绿色荧光蛋白和融合基因。结论:成功构建了TNFα-Tumstatin融合基因的腺病毒表达载体,能高效率感染hUCMSCs,为进一步研究融合基因修饰的hUCMSCs抗肿瘤效应奠定了基础。     

丙型肝炎病毒核心区与IgG Fc段融合基因疫苗的构建及表达

目的：构建能同时表达丙型肝炎病毒核心区与IgG Fc段的融合基因真核表达载体pcDNA3 HCV C-Fe，为下一步修饰和转染树突状细胞，制备能高效表达HCV C和Fc基因的树突状细胞疫苗做准备。方法：用分别含有Xhol I和Xba I初位点的人免疫球蛋白(IgG)Fc区基因上、下游引物，以含有人IgG基因序列的质粒pCMVsFc为模板，通过PCR扩增获得Fc区基因片段，基因片段回收后，以Xhol I和Xba I双酶切，定向插入到含HCV C基因的质粒PcDNA3 HCV C下游双粘端位点之间，获得重组表达质粒pcDNA3 HCVFc。通过酶切、PCR及插入片段序列测定对质粒进行鉴定。以抗HCV C和抗Fc单克隆抗体为一抗，利用间接免疫荧光法检测pcDNA3 HCV-Fc在人肝癌细胞7721中的瞬时表达。结果：酶切、PCR及测定鉴定证实，pcDNA3 HCV—Fc插入片段为Fc区基因片段，免疫荧光法检测表明其可以在7721细胞中瞬时表达。结论：构建的质粒pcDNA3 HCV—Fc可以在7721细胞中瞬时表达Fc基因，为研究HCV C—Fc融合基因修饰的树突状细胞的功能奠定了基础。     

hVEGFA基因重组腺病毒载体的构建及其转染效率的研究

目的:应用AdEasy复制缺陷型腺病毒载体系统构建携带hVEGFA基因的重组腺病毒载体.方法:采用分子克隆技术,从PCR2.1-hVEGFA质粒中克隆出hVEGFA基因的编码序列,酶切、连接后,插入腺病毒系统中的穿梭载体pAdTrack-CMV,获得重组质粒pAdTrack-CMV-hVEGFA,将其转化含有腺病毒骨架载体pAdeasy-1的大肠埃希菌BJ5183,进行同源重组,获得重组子pAdeasy-1-hVEGFA.鉴定后,将pAdeasy-1-hVEGFA转染人胚肾细胞(HEK293A细胞),获得含hVEGFA基因的重组腺病毒(rAd-hVEGFA).反复感染HEK293A细胞扩增腺病毒,50%组织培养感染量法(TCID50)检测病毒滴度,荧光显微镜观测绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的表达.结果:成功构建出含有hVEGFA基因的腺病毒载体rAd-hVEGFA,转染HEK293A细胞后出现绿色荧光蛋白表达,证明腺病毒载体rAd-hVEGFA 转染成功,通过反复感染HEK293A细胞获得大量病毒.结论:成功构建含有hVEGFA基因的腺病毒载体rAd-hVEGFA,可为缺血性脑血管疾病的基因治疗提供基因载体.     

人IL-24基因重组腺病毒的构建及其在A549细胞中的表达

目的构建含有人IL-24基因的重组腺病毒载体,并转染肺腺癌细胞A549细胞观察其感染能力,为进一步的基因治疗奠定实验基础.方法采用基因工程技术将人IL-24基因cDNA亚克隆至穿梭质粒pAdTrack-CMV上,采用PAdEasy系统进行细菌内同源重组,后通过脂质体将正确重组体包裹并转染293T细胞以包装并扩增病毒.采用PCR方法对重组腺病毒进行鉴定, 利用穿梭质粒中所带绿色荧光蛋白GFP报告基因,对病毒滴度和感染效率进行检定;最后采用免疫组化法对IL-24在A549中的表达进行检测.结果酶切和PCR结果证实IL-24基因重组腺病毒载体构建成功,病毒滴度达1.2×1010 pfu/ml,能够成功转染A549细胞并在其中进行表达.结论成功构建了有较强感染能力的含人IL-24基因的重组腺病毒载体.     

腺病毒介导的血管内皮生长因子体外转染心肌细胞的研究

目的:构建携带人血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)基因的重组腺病毒载体,并转染体外培养的心肌细胞,检测VEGF的表达.方法:将人源性的VEGF165cDNA正向插入到腺病毒载体PDC315,构建重组质粒,通过脂质体共转染293细胞,经同源重组获得携带人VEGF165基因的重组腺病毒,通过PCR扩增法鉴定所构建的腺病毒,扩增并测定滴度后,体外转染培养的心肌细胞,利用ELISA、Western印迹分析等方法检测VEGF在心肌细胞中的表达.结果:人VEGF165cDNA成功地正向插入到PDC315载体中,以重组病毒基因组DNA为模板,同时扩增出了610bp的VEGF165cDNA基因片段,证实了所构建病毒的正确性,病毒滴度为2.8×108 pfu/ml,Ad VEGF165体外转染心肌细胞3 d后,在培养细胞的上清液及细胞内检测到了VEGF的表达.结论:成功构建了表达人VEGF 165基因的腺病毒载体,体外转染心肌细胞后能够满意表达VEGF,为基因治疗心肌缺血奠定基础.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.