鞍结节脑膜瘤显微手术治疗体会

目的 探讨鞍结节脑膜瘤手术入路选择、手术技巧及临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2000年2月至2006年10月手术治疗的45例鞍结节脑膜瘤的临床资料,14例经单侧额下入路,15例经翼点入路,9例经眶额翼点入路,7例扩大经额入路.结果 肿瘤全切除42例,大部分切除3例;术后视力改善33例,无明显变化9例,3例恶化.结论 根据肿瘤大小、部位、生长方式及毗邻关系选择正确的手术入路并结合熟练的显微外科手术操作是全切除肿瘤及获得良好临床疗效的关键.

Abstract：

Objective To study the surgical approaches, operative techniques and curative effects of tuberculum sellae meningiomas. Method Retrospective analysis was made on 45 cases of tuberculum sellae meningiomas operated with a variety of surgical approaches. In 14 patients,the tumors were removed through unilateral subfrontal approach, 15 through pterional approach,9 through fronto - orbital craniotomy and 7 through extended frontal approach. Results Of the 45 cases, tumor was totally removed in 42 cases, subtotally removed in 3. Postoperatively, the eyesight was improved in 33 cases, unchanged in 9 cases, and worse in 3 cases. Conclusions The surgical approach for tuberculum sellae meningioma should be chosen according to the size, location, growth pattern and adjacent relation of tumor. The microsurgical skill is the key for total removal of tumor and good curative effect.     

经翼点硬膜外入路切除前床突脑膜瘤

目的 探讨经翼点硬脑膜外入路在前床突区脑膜瘤切除术中的应用. 方法 南京医科大学附属脑科医院神经外科自2007年6月至2010年5月采用经翼点硬脑膜外入路手术切除前床突脑膜瘤17例,回顾性分析患者的临床资料和疗效. 结果 本组肿瘤全切除12例,次全切除4例,大部切除1例.15例视力障碍患者中11例视力、视野改善,3例无明显变化,1例视力下降.本组无死亡病例. 结论 经翼点硬脑膜外入路手术切除前床突脑膜瘤,有利于肿瘤基底部的血供阻断和前床突下肿瘤与颈内动脉的分离.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of pterional extradural approach in surgery of anterior clinoidal meningioma resection. Methods The clinical data and treatment efficacy of 17 patients with clinoidal meningiomas, admitted to our hospital and performed surgery via a pterional extradural approach from June 2007 to May 2010, were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 17 patients with clinoidal meningiomas, 12 received total removal of the tumors, 4 subtotal removal and 1 partial removal. Of the 15 patients with pre-operative visual failure, 11 were markedly improved in visual acuity and visual field, 3 with no obvious changes and 1 with hypopsia. No death was noted.Conclusion The pterional extradural approach in anterior clinoidal meningioma resection can help to block the blood supply to the tumor base and detach the infra-clinoidal tumor from the internal carotid artery.     

中枢神经细胞瘤94例临床分析

目的 总结中枢神经细胞瘤临床特点,探讨其治疗策略.方法 回顾性分析94例中枢神经细胞瘤患者临床资料.全部行手术治疗,肿瘤全切除66例,近全切除26例,部分切除2例;分析总结中枢神经细胞瘤的临床、病理、影像特点.结果 死亡2例,随访84例,术后放疗56例,肿瘤复发4例.多数患者生存良好.结论 中枢神经细胞瘤多发于室间孔附近侧脑室系统,手术全切除是最佳治疗手段,未全切患者术后放疗可减少复发率.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of central neurocytomas,and discuss the therapeutic strategies.Methods 94 cases of central neurocytomas were studied retrospectively.All patients underwent operation with removal of the tumor through either transcallosal or transcortical approach.Total resection was achieved in 66 patients,subtotal resection in 26 patients and partial resection in 2 patients.The clinical,radiological,histologic and immunohistochemical features of these patients were reviewed and analyzed.Methods Amongthe 94 cases of central neurocytomas,two died after surgery.Among the 84 followed- up cases,56 cases underwent postoperative radiotherapy,4 cases had recurrence.Most patients have favorable prognosis.Conclusion Central neurocytomas occur mostly in the lateral ventricle near the Monro's foramen.Total resection is the best treatment.Postoperative radiotherapy for partially removed tumors may reduce the possibility of recurrence.     

眶内海绵状血管瘤(附8例报告)

目的探讨眶内海绵状血管瘤的手术治疗.方法经颅-眶顶入路切除眶内海绵状血管瘤8例.结果 8例均全切除,眼球突出和活动障碍得到不同程度的改善,视力有部分恢复,无严重并发症.结论经颅-眶顶入路是切除眶内海绵状血管瘤的入路之一,尤其适合那些位于眶尖及内侧的肿瘤.     

原发性松果体区胚胎癌的诊断与治疗(附二例报告及文献复习)

Objective Primary embryonal carcinoma in pineal region is extremely rare Here we report two such cases and combined literatures review to discuss its diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Method Two primary embryonal carcinoma in pineal region verified histologically were presented. In one cases, the preoperative serum alpha - fetoprotein (AFP) level reached significantly high level, 6 810μg/L, but showed negative staining forβ-human chorionic gonadotropin (β- HCG) . In the other one, accompanied by elevation of β-HCG level, 5 260 mIU/ml, the serum AFP was negative. The tumors were microsurgically removed by transeccipito-tentorial approach. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was used after tumor removal because of recurrent hydrocephalus. Both patients received adjunctive treatments included radiation therapy (whole central nervous system 30 Gy and tumor bed 50 Gy) and 4 course of chemotherapy. Results In both patients, the tumors were totally removed. Postoperative tumor immunohistochemistry indicators were present in case 1 with positive reaction for cytokeratin(CK) and AFP, in case 2 with positive CK and β - HCG. After adjunctive treatments, the serum AFP and β - HCG of two patiants were decreased to normal ranges. After post - operative follow - up of one year,two patients still survived and the serum markers were almost normal. Conclusions Measurement of serum β-HCG and AFP is extraordinarily significant for the diagnosis and post - treatment monitoring of pineal region embryonal carcinoma. Pathological differential diagnosis requires immunohistochemical indicators including cytokeratin (CK),AFP andβ- HCG. With radically surgical removal and combined adjunctive therapy including radiation and chemotherapy, good consequence could be obtained.     

原发性松果体区胚胎癌的诊断与治疗(附二例报告及文献复习)

Objective Primary embryonal carcinoma in pineal region is extremely rare Here we report two such cases and combined literatures review to discuss its diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Method Two primary embryonal carcinoma in pineal region verified histologically were presented. In one cases, the preoperative serum alpha - fetoprotein (AFP) level reached significantly high level, 6 810μg/L, but showed negative staining forβ-human chorionic gonadotropin (β- HCG) . In the other one, accompanied by elevation of β-HCG level, 5 260 mIU/ml, the serum AFP was negative. The tumors were microsurgically removed by transeccipito-tentorial approach. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy was used after tumor removal because of recurrent hydrocephalus. Both patients received adjunctive treatments included radiation therapy (whole central nervous system 30 Gy and tumor bed 50 Gy) and 4 course of chemotherapy. Results In both patients, the tumors were totally removed. Postoperative tumor immunohistochemistry indicators were present in case 1 with positive reaction for cytokeratin(CK) and AFP, in case 2 with positive CK and β - HCG. After adjunctive treatments, the serum AFP and β - HCG of two patiants were decreased to normal ranges. After post - operative follow - up of one year,two patients still survived and the serum markers were almost normal. Conclusions Measurement of serum β-HCG and AFP is extraordinarily significant for the diagnosis and post - treatment monitoring of pineal region embryonal carcinoma. Pathological differential diagnosis requires immunohistochemical indicators including cytokeratin (CK),AFP andβ- HCG. With radically surgical removal and combined adjunctive therapy including radiation and chemotherapy, good consequence could be obtained.     

松果体区肿瘤诊治策略的探讨

目的 探讨松果体区肿瘤的诊治策略.方法 回顾性分析154例松果体区肿瘤的病例资料.结果 松果体区肿瘤多以颅高压、眼球运动障碍起病,诊断需进行CT、MRI及肿瘤标记物检查.基本确诊或高度怀疑生殖细胞瘤时直接放疗或活检后放疗23例,肿瘤均消失,5年生存率88.9%;其他肿瘤手术治疗131例,肿瘤全切除124例,次全切除7例,5年生存率84.4%.手术患者的病理结果:生殖细胞肿瘤60例,松果体实质肿瘤17例,神经上皮肿瘤27例,其他肿瘤27例.结论 松果体区肿瘤常合并脑积水,影像学表现有一定特征,联合肿瘤标记物检测能进一步鉴别肿瘤性质.基本确诊生殖细胞瘤直接选择放、化疗,高度怀疑生殖细胞瘤选择活检后放疗或实验性放疗,不能确定生殖细胞瘤时选择显微手术联合术后辅助放、化疗,在治疗过程中兼顾脑积水的处理是较理想的松果体区肿瘤的治疗策略.

Abstract：

Objective To define the optimal diagnosis and theraputic strategy of pineal region tumors.Method Clinical materials of 154 cases with pineal region tumors were analyzed retrospectively.Results The patients with pineal region tumors often complained with increased intracranial pressure and ocular movement deficiency.The procedure of diagnosis was imaging checking included CT and MRI,tumor mark testing.23 cases which were essential exact diagnosed or high doubt germinomas were choosed to direct radiotherapy or radiotherapy after biopsy.All the tumors disappeared during the follow up time.5 years survival rate was 88.9%.Other 131 cases were chosen for operation treatment.Total removal were achieved in 124 cases and subtotal were achieved in 7 cases.The 5 years survival rate was 84.4%.The operation pathological result included 60 germ cell tumors, 17 pineal parenchymal tumors, 27 neural epithelium tumors and 27 other tumors.Conclusions Pineal region tumors are often combined with hydrocephalus.There was some characteristic feature in the imaging appearance.The cases should be chosen to direct radiotherapy and chemotherapy if was diagnosed germinomas, and be choosed to radiotherapy after biopsy or experimental radiotherapy if was high doubt germinomas.The cases which unable determined germionmas should be choosed microsurgery and assist radiotherapy and chemotherapy postoperation.Hydrocephalus should be treated in consideration during the procedure of tumor treatment.     

颅内室管膜下瘤的诊断和显微外科治疗(附33例报告)

目的 探讨颅内室管膜下瘤的临床特点和治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析北京天坛医院收治的33例室管膜下瘤患者的临床特点、诊断和治疗.结果 本组33例,男19例,女14例;年龄2～54岁,平均27.4岁;第四脑室13例,侧脑室18例,脑内2例.MRI T1WI呈等或略低信号,T2WI呈高信号;22例无强化,11例呈片状、结节或条索样轻度强化.侧脑室18例,手术全切13例,近全切除5例.第四脑室13例,手术全切3例,近全切除7例,大部切除3例.脑内2例均近全切除.结论 颅内室管膜下瘤少见,影像学有显著特征,有助于术前诊断,显微外科治疗手术全切除预后好.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment of intracranial subependymoma.Method 33 patients with intracranial subependymoma treated with microneurosurgical management at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from 1998 to 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Results In this serials,19 patients were in male and 14 patients in female.Tumors located in the lateral ventricles in 18 cases,located in the fourth ventricle in 13 cases,intra-brain tissue in 2 cases.On MRI scans,the tumors showed iso/hypointensity on T1-weighted and hyperintensity on T2-weighted images.On enhanced scans,the tumors showed no enhancement or only slightly enhancement.Tumors located in the lateral ventricles,were totally removed in 13 cases and subtotal in 5 cases;tumors located in the fourth ventricle,were totally removed in 3 cases, subtotally in 7 cases and partial in 3 cases; tumors were subtotally removed in 2 cases in intra-brain tissue type.Conclusions MRI may contribute to diagnose the intracranial subependymoma and surgical management.Radical resection usually contributes to a good outcome.     

Operative strategy of complex internal carotid artery- posterior communicating artery aneurysms Defensive effect on perioperative nerve injury

BACKGROUND: The two problems in treating intracranial aneurysm are the vascular reconstruction and brain protection, especially for complex internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery (ICA-PComA) aneurysms. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the anatomic features and operative technique of complex ICA-PComA aneurysms, and investigate how to better protect the brain tissue. DESIGN: A retrospective case analysis. SETTING: Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Central Hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Totally 154 inpatients with ICA-PComA aneurysms were selected from the Department of Neurosurgery, Dalian Central Hospital from January 1998 to December 2006, including 19 cases (12.3%) of complex ICA-PComA aneurysms, 8 males and 11 females, 38–67 years of age. Informed contents for surgery and observation were obtained from all the patients or their relatives. METHODS: The clinical manifestations, including initial symptoms and Hunt&Hess grading, were observed. Corresponding strategies were selected for different types of ICA-PComA aneurysms. The patients were followed up at 3 months postoperatively. According to the results of Glasgow scoring, the curative effects were classified as good (4–5 points), bad (2–3 points) and dead (1 point). The results at discharge were taken as early results, whereas the follow-up results as late results. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical manifestations and curative effects of the patients. RESULTS: All the 19 patients with ICA-PComA were involved in the analysis of results. For clinical manifestations, the initial symptoms were subarachnoid hemorrhage (n =15), paralysis of oculomotor nerve (n =3), and occasional attack (n =1); The Hunt&Hess grading was grade Ⅰ in 4 cases, grade Ⅱ in 6 cases, grade Ⅲ in 6 cases, grade Ⅳ in 2 cases, and grade Ⅴ in 1 case. The curative effects were that aneurysm breakage and bleeding occurred in 6 cases perioperatively, uncomplete clipping of aneurysm in 2 cases and constriction of parent artery in 1 case. The complications were nervous and ischemic ones. The early outcome was good in 12 cases and bad in 7 cases, no one died. The late outcome was good in 17 cases and bad in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: Complex ICA-PComA aneurysm is a particular aneurysm, thus different operative strategies should be adopted according to the conditions to improve the operative outcome and reduce ischemic and nervous injuries.     

幕上脑实质内室管膜瘤14例临床分析

目的 探讨幕上脑实质内室管膜瘤的临床特点、影像学表现、治疗和预后.方法 对经手术后病理证实的14例幕上脑实质内室管膜瘤进行临床分析.其中室管膜瘤10例,恶性室管膜瘤4例.肿瘤位于额叶4例,顶叶8例,枕叶2例.肿瘤呈完全实质性者3例,囊性变者11例.结果 全部病例均手术切除.全切除10例,次全切除4例.随访时间3个月-4年.3例患者复发后行二次手术,其中1例患者手术后4个月死亡;1例患者复发后拒绝再次手术后6个月死亡,12例患者目前仍存活.结论 幕上脑实质内室管膜瘤术前诊断较困难,应注意与其他肿瘤相鉴别.手术全切除效果良好,神经导航辅助下的显微手术有助于手术全切除.

Abstract：

Objective To study the clinical feature, image, treatment and prognosis of supratentorial parenchymal ependymomas. Method 14 cases of patients suffered from supratentorial parenchymal ependymomas were treated. There were 10 ependymomas and 4 malignant ependymomas. Tumor was located in frontal lobe in 4cases,parietal in 8,and occipital in 2. There were 3 substantial tumors and 11 cystic tumors. Results All the patients received operation. Complete surgical removal was achieved in 10 cases and partial removal in 4. All the cases were followed-up from 3 months to 4 years. 3 patients with recurrent tumors received the second operation,among them one patient died after 4 months. One patient with recurrent tumor did not receive the second operation and died after 6 months. 12 patients were still alive. Conclusions The preoperative diagnosis of supratentorial parenchymal ependymomas is difficult. Complete removal of tumor is important for good prognosis. Microsurgical techniques combined with navigation are helpful for complete removal of tumor.     

颅-眶沟通脑膜瘤的显微手术切除和颅底重建

目的 本研究旨在探讨颅眶沟通性腩膜瘤(COCM)的诊断、手术及预后。方法 在1998年2月至2000年12月间入院的11名颅眶沟通瘤患中，对经病理确诊为脑膜瘤的5例，就其临床表现、影像学变化、手术操作、病理特点和预后等方面予以总结和分析。结果 采用额下或额颞侧方入路，单纯硬膜外切除3例，联和硬膜外、硬膜下切除2例。全切4例，次全切1例。全部病例予以顿底骨性重建。术前视力、光反射、眼球运动正常的2例中，1例视力明显减退伴光反射迟钝。随访期内，5例均未行放射治疗；复发2例，其术后病理检查证实肿瘤组织均含纤维母细胞成分。结论 COCM可以侵犯颅眶结合部许多重要解剖结构，且有复发倾向；本病治疗应强调充分暴露、彻底切除、颅底重建和术后放射治疗。     

经颅入路切除眶内或颅-眶沟通性肿物

目的 探讨经颅入路切除眶内或颅-眶沟通性肿瘤的手术方法。方法 均采用双侧额部发际内冠状切口,根据肿瘤大小、占据眶内的部位以及是否有颅内侵犯,调整皮肤切口的长短,选择合适的开颅骨瓣：单侧额部入路、经额经眶上缘入路或经额经颧经眶上缘入路。对单纯眶内肿瘤,采用硬膜外入路;对眶-颅沟通性肿瘤,先经硬膜内处理肿瘤的颅内部分,然后打开眶顶和（或）眶外侧壁切除眶内肿瘤。结果 全切除26例,部分切除3例,无手术死亡。术后除1例有动眼神经麻痹,另2例遗患侧眼失明外,无其它手术并发症。结论 经颅入切除眶内或颅-眶沟通性肿瘤时,选择合适的开颅骨瓣而使肿瘤得以充分显露是手术成功的基础;采用显微外科技术是提高全切除率、减少并发症的关键。     

小儿颅咽管瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨小儿颅咽管瘤显微手术全切除的入路和方法。方法26例经显微手术切除的颅咽管瘤中,囊性15例,实质性11例;有钙化者13例;肿瘤直径2cm以下者2例,2～4cm10例,4.1～6cm11例,>6cm者3例。经右翼点入路切除肿瘤22例,经胼胝体前入路3例,经胼胝体-翼点联合入路1例。结果经术中观察和影像学资料证实,全切除23例,次全切除2例,大部切除1例。随访2个月～5年,恢复正常生活并参加学习者22例,需人照顾者4例。结论小儿颅咽管瘤早期诊断并行显微手术全切除,治疗效果理想;翼点入路是小儿鞍区颅咽管瘤显微手术切除的最佳入路。     

侵及眶部脑肿瘤的临床特征与显微手术处理

目的 研究侵及眶部的脑肿瘤临床特征与显微外科手术治疗效果。方法 对58例本病经临床分析与影像学检查而获诊断，采用不同手术入路及显微外科技术切除肿瘤。全组病例中，肿瘤位于前颅凹50例，中颅窝8例，均侵及眶腔。其中39例（67．2％）有头痛、头晕等颅内压增高表现，54例（93．1％）出现视器症状。结果 本组46例肿瘤（79．3％）获手术全切除，12例（20．7％）为次全切除，无死亡。对48例经信访或门诊随访6个月-9年（平均3．6年），39例（81.3％）恢复满意，余9例（18．7％）有不同程度后遗症。结论 脑肿瘤侵及眶部多以视器改变为主要临床表现。采取不同手术入路、以显微外科技术切除本类肿瘤，预后良好。     

眶尖肿块的神经外科治疗

目的探讨眶尖肿块经眶翼点入路手术治疗方法。方法回顾分析11例眶尖肿块患者的临床表现,手术方法。结果11例均采用眶翼点入路,肿物全切8例,大部切除3例,无手术死亡,疗效满意。结论此类肿块部位特殊,累及眶内及颅内,单纯经眼眶入路或经颅入路对肿块的显露均难满意,全切困难,采用眶翼点入路显露良好,可在直视下切除肿瘤,神经外科技术的应用可明显提高手术疗效,减少并发症。     

蝶眶脑膜瘤18例手术治疗临床分析

目的 探讨经颅入路显微切除蝶眶脑膜瘤的手术方法、疗效及随访结果.方法 对18例蝶眶脑膜瘤患者选用额颞入路、眶颧入路或眶颧结合扩大前颅窝底入路硬膜外结合硬膜内切除肿瘤,在硬膜外磨除增生的蝶骨大翼骨质、眶上裂、视神经管开放减压,其中经额颞入路15例,眶颧入路2例,眶额结合扩大前颅窝底入路1例,术前、术后均有视觉功能评价、手术录像及术后影像评估肿瘤切除程度.结果 肿瘤切除程度:Simpson Ⅰ级2例,SimpsonⅡ级6例,SimpsonⅢ级8例,SimpsonⅣ级2例.18例患者术后突眼情况均有好转,视觉功能改善13例.随访6 -56个月(平均25.3个月),2例患者肿瘤复发.结论 选择合适的手术入路显微切除蝶眶脑膜瘤,可获得充分显露和眶尖、球后减压,可有效缓解突眼、视觉障碍及眼肌麻痹.因肿瘤多累及眶尖、眶上裂、海绵窦等重要结构,肿瘤难以全切,术后容易复发.     

眶上锁孔入路去除眶顶的解剖学研究

目的探讨眶上锁孔入路中去除眶顶的应用价值。方法取成人尸头标本8例,模拟眶上锁孔入路并去除眶顶,比较去除眶顶前后Willis环周围血管最大显露程度、显露面积及不同深度靶点显露角度的差异。结果去除眶顶前后,前交通动脉复合体、同侧大脑中动脉的显露范围有显著性差异(P< 0.01)。在基底动脉顶端位置较高的标本中,去除眶顶有助于其显露;对鞍区其他深部结构如大脑后动脉、小脑上动脉的显露无显著性差别(P> 0.05)。去除眶顶后,手术显露面积(864.2 mm2)较去除眶顶前(494.9 mm2)明显增加;工作角度平均增加34.2%。结论去除眶顶对位置较高的前交通动脉复合体、A2段近端和位置较高的基底动脉顶端分叉部的显露有实际意义;应根据病变的特点确定是否去除眶顶。     

116例颅咽管瘤的显微手术治疗

目的探讨颅咽管瘤显微手术切除的方法和入路.方法116例经显微手术切除的颅咽管瘤中,有囊性变者64例,有钙化者58例,实质性52例,肿瘤直径2 cm以下者14例,2.1～4 cm61例,4.1～6 cm 31例,＞6 cm者10例.99例经右翼点入路,7例经胼胝体前入路,10例经翼点-胼胝体联合入路切除肿瘤.结果经术中观察和影像学资料证实,全切除106例,次全切除6例,大部切除4例.术后随访1月～7年,能参加工作或学习者100例,需生活照顾者14例,死亡2例.结论颅咽管瘤早期诊断,显微手术全切除,效果理想.巨大、实质性肿瘤且伴有糖尿病者手术危险性较大,翼点入路是鞍区颅咽管瘤显微手术切除的最佳入路.     

翼点入路显微手术切除前中颅底病变

目的 介绍经翼点入路显微手术切除前中颅底病变的临床应用和经验。方法 选择分析一组不同病变部位的病例经翼点及其改良术式进行显微外科手术。结果 无手术死亡，其中，颅底脑膜瘤、三叉神经鞘瘤、海绵状血管瘤及胆脂瘤做到全切；颅咽管瘤3例大部切除，1例全切。镜下全切除率68％，3例出现术后一过性尿崩，处理后均1周内缓解，双侧嗅神经保留率80％，全部病例显露良好，经终板间隙处理病变2例。结论 掌握翼点入路各间隙及有关脑底动脉的显微解剖．不断提高该入路的操作水平．配合显微外科技术，可提高前中颅底肿瘤的全切除率，减少并发症。     

扩大翼点入路切除前中颅底病灶的临床体会

目的探讨改良的经颅底扩大翼点入路（包括经眶额入路、经颧弓入路和眶颧弓入路）切除前中颅底病灶的优越性和适应证.方法经标准翼点入路11例,眶额入路19例,颧弓入路4例,眶颧弓入路4例.结果病灶全切除33例,次全切除及大部分切除4例,无法处理病灶1例,无一例出现脑牵拉损伤.结论经颅底扩大翼点入路处理颅底病灶比标准的翼点入路显露更好,正常脑组织侵袭性更小.改良的经颅底扩大翼点入路不仅适于前中颅底肿瘤的切除,而且可应用于脑血管病和脑外伤的手术治疗.