从唾液获取人体DNA的简易方法与应用

[目的]探索一种对人体无伤害、无痛苦的获取基因组DNA的方法.[方法]比对①获取口腔黏膜细胞的不同途径,②改进的微量血提取试剂盒和常规的碘化钾法提取唾液中的DNA的效果,③经过不同的储存条件、时间梯度所获得的DNA的得率和纯度,④分别以提取的DNA和唾液沉淀作为模板PCR扩增管家基因GAPDH、唾液特异蛋白基因PRB-3、线粒体D-loop区.[结果]从0.1 mL的唾液中即可以提取出约4.5μg的基因组DNA.从新鲜唾液中获得的DNA得率和纯度最高,但即使唾液经过长时间的保存,直接使用唾液的细胞沉淀也同样能够扩增出各种正确大小的基因片段.[结论]唾液作为获取基因组DNA的简易来源,完全可以取代常规的取血采样,也比棉拭子刮取口腔细胞、滤纸唾液斑法、漱口水收集等方法简便、经济、快速.该法不会对被收集者造成任何不适,容易被接收,因而能最大限度的扩大复杂遗传疾病研究的取样范围,特别适合分子流行病学大面积调查.     

从血液和唾液中自动化提取人体DNA的探索与应用

目的 从样本获取方式、储存条件和DNA提取方法等方面探索快速、有效、低成本、无创伤、适合于大规模流行病学研究的基因组DNA来源样本.方法 对带有分离胶的血细胞、EDTA抗凝全血、分离血清后的凝固血细胞、新鲜唾液、-20℃保存1个月的唾液、2种唾液保护液作用的唾液样本和棉拭子获得的口腔黏膜上皮细胞样本进行DNA提取和检测,验证不同样本获得DNA的稳定性.随机抽取1人的2份质量控制合格的DNA样品,采用高通量测序技术对亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶(MTHFR)C677T基因多态性位点进行分型检测.结果 带有分离胶的血细胞样本中,分离胶对血细胞DNA的提取效果影响明显,DNA样品合格率为37.7％(1130/3000).EDTA抗凝全血样本DNA提取效果良好,DNA浓度为(180.20±20.30)mg/L,D260/D280为1.90±0.10.分离血清后的凝固血细胞样本中DNA降解严重,提取的DNA浓度为28.91～34.53 mg/L.新鲜唾液和-20℃保存1个月的唾液样本经提取后得到的DNA浓度均合格,且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).2种唾液保护液作用下的唾液样本提取得到的DNA浓度均合格,且差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).口腔黏膜上皮细胞样本提取的DNA浓度为(48.41±9.81)mg/L,低于唾液样本来源的DNA浓度.高通量测序结果显示,按照质量控制标准筛选的合格DNA样品可以实现体外目的基因片段的扩增和MTHFR C677T基因多态性位点的分型检测.结论 血液和唾液样本均是人体基因组DNA提取的良好来源,唾液样本成本低、采集无创伤且质量控制合格,是一种更有效的DNA来源样本.     

一种快速微量外周血基因组DNA的提取方法

目的建立一种简便、快速、有效、微量外周血基因组DNA的提取方法.方法采用NaI作细胞裂解剂裂解细胞和细胞核,用氯仿:异戊醇(24:1)直接提取基因组DNA.结果该方法提取外周血基因组DNA的纯度高A260 nm/A280 nm=(1.87±0.11),提取效率每毫升外周血可得DNA(31±3.12)μg.结论该法简便、快速、有效,适应于批量临床标本的处理.     

人非抗凝血块中基因组DNA提取不同方法的比较

目的:比较三种不同方法提取人非抗凝血块基因组DNA的效果差异。方法:分别采用酚/氯仿法,天根试剂盒,Invitrigen purelinkTM试剂盒提取冻存时间较长的非抗凝血块基因组DNA,测定浓度、OD260/280值,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测提取的DNA浓度和纯度,测定PCR产物灰度值。结果:三种方法都可以提取出基因组DNA,测定DNA浓度分别为:(35.56±15.27)ng/μL,(45.13±16.54)ng/μL,(57.93±14.5)ng/μL,组间存在统计学差异(P<0.01),A260/A280值分别为:1.46±0.19,1.49±0.16,1.519±0.23,三组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三种方法提取的基因组DNA都能通过PCR扩增出目的条带,PCR产物电泳灰度值结果分别为:75.421±3.435,149.32±6.875和229.52±19.55,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:三种不同方法都能提取出冻存时间较长的非抗凝血块基因组DNA,但Invitrigen purelinkTM试剂盒法效果最好。     

三种DNA抽提方法对新鲜血细胞及冻血细胞DNA抽提效能的比较

目的 比较3种血细胞DNA提取方法（进口试剂盒、国产试剂盒和改良苯酚抽提方法）对新鲜血细胞及冻血细胞DNA的提取效率及差异。 方法 收集20例胰腺癌患者5 mL外周血标本,经低速离心获得血细胞沉淀后分装,根据保存方式分为新鲜血细胞和冻血细胞。新鲜血细胞不经冻存,在12 h内迅速抽提DNA;冻血细胞在-40℃保存72 h后,室温解冻后抽提DNA。抽提方法分别采用进口试剂盒（Qiagen公司）、国产试剂盒（天根生化科技有限公司）和改良苯酚方法。琼脂糖电泳检测DNA片段的完整性,核酸蛋白检测仪测定DNA纯度和浓度,计算不同抽提方法的DNA得率。 结果 在获得的DNA完整性方面,改良苯酚方法抽提的基因组DNA断裂和降解较少,而进口和国产试剂盒抽提的DNA均有一定程度的降解小片段。在获得DNA的纯度方面,部分冻存血细胞无论应用进口试剂盒、国产试剂盒和改良苯酚方法,均表现出一定的污染杂峰。在DNA得率方面,无论新鲜血细胞和冻存血细胞,均是进口试剂盒得率最高,其次为国产试剂盒;冻血细胞的改良苯酚法DNA得率与国产试剂盒相当,新鲜血细胞的改良苯酚法DNA得率最低。在耗时和成本分析中,试剂盒较快但成本较高。 结论 改良苯酚抽提法可获得较进口和国产试剂盒片段更长、更完整的基因组DNA,虽然在得率和耗时方面稍逊色,但其成本较低,可推荐用于大规模、分批次、低成本冻存血细胞的基因组DNA抽提。     

经典酚/氯仿抽提法和纯化试剂盒法提取全血基因组DNA的比较

目的 比较经典酚/氯仿法和纯化试剂盒法抽提全血基因组DNA的差异.方法 分别对两种方法抽提的全血DNA产物进行紫外分光光度仪、琼脂糖凝胶电泳和体外聚合酶链锁反应（PCR）扩增.结果 两种方法DNA的提取效率相似,TaKaBa试剂盒法提取的纯度[光密度（OD）260nm/280nm]较常规酚/氯仿法明显提高.结论 TaKaBa试剂盒法较传统酚/氯仿提取基因组DNA法快速、简便、经济,可用于PCR模板DNA的制备.     

从人血凝块中提取基因组DNA

目的从人血凝块中提取基因组DNA。方法室温自然解冻,机械磨碎,高盐、高EDTA提取液处理,消化液消化,酚氯仿抽提。结果用改良酚氯仿法从人血凝块中成功提取基因组DNA,提取的DNA浓度为:(32±10)mg/L,且光吸收比值A260/A280>1.8。结论用改良法提取的基因组DNA的总量较高,提取效率高,PCR扩增效果好,可很好的用于血凝块基因组DNA的提取。     

石蜡包埋宫颈组织中三种DNA提取方法的比较

目的:通过比较了三种不同的DNA提取方法对DNA质量的影响,旨在寻找一种高效、简便、实用的石蜡组织中DNA提取方法.方法:取10%甲醛固定石蜡包埋的宫颈组织标本(宫颈癌及宫颈上皮内瘤变标本),分别以二甲苯脱蜡及酚氯仿法提纯DNA(方法1)、,IES水浴脱蜡及酚氯仿提纯DNA(方法2)、IES水浴脱蜡及试剂盒提纯DNA(方法3),然后进行电泳和聚合酶链反应扩增分析.结果:TES;水浴脱蜡及酚氯仿法提纯DNA所得样本·DNA的0D260/0D280比值为1.85±0.22,TES水浴脱蜡及试剂盒提纯DNA法为1.81±0.12,两者比较无显著差异(P>0.05);桓分别和二甲苯脱蜡及酚氯仿提纯DNA法相比较有显著差异(P>0.01).DNA电泳和PGR扩增结果示IES水浴脱蜡及酚氯仿提纯DNA、TES水浴脱蜡及试剂盒提纯DNA所得DNA质量均高于二甲苯脱蜡酚氯仿提纯DNA法.结论:TES水浴脱蜡及试剂盒提纯DNA法简便快捷,是理想的石蜡包埋组织DNA提纯方法.     

黄花石蒜花蕊和花葶组织中总RNA提取方法的比较

目的 筛选适合黄花石蒜花蕊和花葶组织中总脱氧核糖核苷酸(RNA)的提取方法.方法 采用CrAB法、SDS法和植物总RNA提取试剂盒法对黄花石蒜花蕊和花葶组织中总RNA进行提取并比较其效果.结果 CTAB法和SDS法均不能提取到完整的RNA;植物总RNA提取试剂盒能有效地去除蛋白质、多糖及DNA,28S条带的荧光亮度是18S条带的2倍左右,OD260/280值在1.8～2.0之间,花蕊和花葶的产率分别为304.1 μg/g和255.8 μg/g,并且试剂盒法提取的总RNA通过RT-PCR扩增能获得特异性条带.结论 试剂盒法适合黄花石蒜花蕊和花葶组织总RNA的提取,提取的总RNA质量高、完整性好、产率高,符合后续实验的要求.     

四种微量全血DNA提取方法的比较

目的比较加热去蛋白法、碘化钠法、TT溶血法、氯化胺法四种方法提取人微量全血基因组DNA的纯度及总量的差异.方法收集静脉全血0.5ml,共356人份,分别采用上述四种方法提取基因组DNA,用紫外分光光度仪及琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测其纯度和总量,计算采用x±s,结果经统计学t检验处理.结果四种方法提取的基因组DNA纯度用OD260/OD280表示分别为:加热法1.569±0.158;碘化钠法1.517±0.093;TT溶血法1.789±0.161:氯化胺法1.815±0.051.四种方法提取的基因组DNA总量分别为:加热法(9.34±3.59)μg;碘化钠法(7.82±4.23)μg;TT溶血法(20.98±3.56)μg;氯化胺法(22.07±4.53)μg;加热法与碘化钠法比较,TT溶血法与氯化胺法比较,P＞0.05,无显著性差异;TT溶血法、氯化胺法分别与加热法、碘化钠法比较,P＜0.05,有显著性差异.结论从提取的基因组DNA纯度和总量来比较,氯化胺法与TT溶血法是四种提取人微量全血基因组DNA方法中较好的两种.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…