湖北省6家公立医院的经济运行现状分析

目的 了解湖北省公立医院的经济运行现状,分析其对公立医院公益性的影响.方法 采用现场调查的方法收集数据,结合相关统计资料对湖北省公立医院的经济运行现状进行分析.结果 湖北省公立医院的财务收支不断增加并趋于平衡;政府财政补助有限,90%以上的公立医院收入来源于医疗收入和药品收入;公立医院人均业务收入呈逐年增长的趋势;湖北省公立医院的资产负债率相对较高.结论 宏观经济体制和卫生政策的变革、经济利益的诱导阻碍了公立医院公益性的实现.完善公立医院的财政补偿机制,规范公立医院的财务管理机制.

Abstract：

Objective To understand the current economical operation of public hospitals in Hubei province and its effect on their public welfare performance. Methods To collect data in field survey and to analyze the current economic situation of such hospitals in the province based on relevant statistics.Results Financial revenue and expenditure of these hospitals keep rising and achieving a balance in general; for the insufficient government financial subsidy, 90% of the revenue of such hospitals come from their medical services and drugs sold; the per capita revenue of these public hospitals maintains a yearly rising trend; their asset-liability ratio was relatively high. Conclusions The public welfare performance of these hospitals tends to be impeded by the reform on the macro economic system and health policy changes, on top of the attraction of economic interests. Improving the government subsidy mechanism for public hospitals and standardizing the financial management mechanism of public hospitals.     

当前公立医院改革试点几个问题的分析

公立医院改革试点对于卫生资源的合理配置,探索管办分开等具有重要的借鉴意义.分析了当前公立医院改革试点存在技术性措施易推行、管办模式众多、药事服务费标准难定、法人治理结构不完善等问题;并提出公立医院改革需因地制宜以探索适合当地的改革模式、加大财政投入以健全和完善公立医院补偿机制、理顺公立医院管理体制以实现管办分开、完善法人治理结构以确保公立医院的公益性等建议.

Abstract：

Trials in public hospital reforms bear special significance for rational deployment of health resources and exploring the separation of hospital management from routine operations. The paper identified such setbacks in the present trials as easy technology measures, numerous models of separations, difficulty in setting pharmaceutical service fees, and inadequate governance. Authors also recommended such measures as searching for appropriate reforms for public hospitals locally, greater financial resources for completing the compensation mechanism of public hospitals, streamlining their management system for separation of management from operations, and improving governance. All these efforts are designed to enhance the public benefit nature of public hospitals.     

公立医院筹资补偿机制的探讨

"为群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务"是<公立医院改革试点指导意见>提出的公立医院医疗卫生服务的总体目标,这一目标的实现仅靠改革公立医院内部运行机制是很难奏效的.公立医院的投入机制、区域医疗卫生服务体系的布局、医院所在地的经济与产业状况、医疗保障(险)的支付额度与支付审批程序等众多因素直接影响医院的投入与产出.本文从我国医院的投入补偿机制入手,分析了医院投入与产出的特征,提出建立基于公益性绩效的公立医院投入补偿的观点,为进一步完善公立医院的管理体制、形成以公益性为导向的公立医院运行机制提供参考依据.

Abstract：

Access of safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services to the people is set as the goal of public hospitals health services as stated in the "Guidelines for Public Hospitals Pilot Reform". Such a goal, however, can hardly be achieved by mechanism changes within the public hospitals. The input and output of public hospitals rely critically on such factors as the input mechanism, regional pattern of healthcare system, the economic and industrial conditions of the region,payment quota and payment approval procedures of medical insurance. This paper set off from the input compensation mechanism of public hospitals in China and analyzed the input and output characteristics of the hospitals. Furthermore, the paper proposed to establish an input compensation mechanism based on public welfare performance for such hospitals. This provided further reference for improving the management of public hospitals and building a public welfare-oriented operation mechanism of public hospitals.     

杭州地区大型公立医院涉外医疗现状调查

以杭州市三级公立医院为典型调查对象,通过对医院工作者和在杭外籍人士的双重视角的问卷调查,结合文献研究,发现和总结杭州市公立医院涉外医疗服务方面存在以下4个普遍性问题:医生与外籍患者存在沟通障碍,医疗服务信息沟通不到位,服务环境和服务态度还不尽人意,医疗保险及收费体制问题.据此提出了政府完善涉外医疗服务体系的政策建议,包括要创建与国际接轨的医疗服务质量管理规范、收费体制改革及医保管理和涉外医疗服务机构的规划和宣传,以及医院内部关键要素的管理对策.

Abstract：

The study focused on tertiary public hospitals in Hangzhou,investigating the comments of both hospitals workers and foreigners in the city with questionnaires and literature search.The foilowing four problems were identified in the study in the foreigner medical services in Hangzhou:Communication barriers between doctors and foreign patients,insufficient communication of medical service information,poor service environment and service attitude,and payment mechanism for medical insurance and charges.On such basis,the authors recommended policy changes for the government to improve foreigner-oriented medical services,including building the regulations up to intemational customs for medical services,reforms in the payment system,medical insurance management,as well as planning and promotions of foreigner-related service institutions,and management strategies for key elements within the hospital     

安徽省8所公立医院医务人员对改革的认知分析

通过对安徽省8所二三级公立医院进行专题问卷调查,分析了不同级别医院、不同岗位、不同职务、不同职称、不同年龄的1140名医务人员对医药卫生体制改革政策知晓情况、对公立医院改革重点问题的赞同情况、参与改革的意愿情况以及影响其改革意愿的相关因素,提出对公立医院改革宣传仍需加强、改革补偿机制以明确政府职责、探索注册医师多点执业的合理模式、鼓励社会资本办医并保证其"非营利性"、完善绩效考核制度以提高医务人员改革积极性等建议,旨在为卫生行政主管部门决策提供依据和参考.

Abstract：

A total of 1140 medical workers from 8 public hospitals of secondary and tertiary levels in Anhui were surveyed with questionnaire. Their knowledge of the reform, acknowledgement of key points of the reform, desire of participating in the reform and other factors that may influence the reform were investigated as categorized by their hospital, position, title and age. This study comes up with such recommendations as reinforcing communications on public hospital reform, reforming the compensation mechanism to clarify government responsibilities, probing into a better model for multi-institution practice of certified physicians, and encouraging private capital to participate in medical service while ensuring its "non-profit" nature, and improving the performance appraisal mechanism to ensure incentives of medical workers. These recommendations aim to enable the health administrators in their decision making.     

民营医院履行社会责任的实践探索

介绍了我院作为改制后的民营医院,在医院文化建设方面,通过创建爱康医院家的文化,树立爱康价值观,构建和谐的医院工作环境;在管理体制改革方面,实施管办分离,成立了支持系统和运营系统,通过先进的管理方法改进医疗服务质量;在回报社会方面,通过积极救助弱势群体、积极承担公共卫生服务、热心慈善等,付出真诚的爱心,切实履行社会责任.

Abstract：

The paper introduced the organization culture building of a private hospital, in creating the Aikang hospital as your home culture and Aikang values for building a harmonious workplace for the hospital. The management system reform features the separation between regulations and management,building of the supporting system and operating system, for better quality of care with advanced management practice. The social rewards feature great efforts in supporting the disadvantageous population, and undertaking public health service and charity activities. These care and love to the community help the hospital to fulfill its social responsibilities.     

Analysis of Developing Public Health Service Sector with Private Finance Initiative in Guangxi

In Guangxi Public Health Service Sector （GPHSS）, because lack of budget, it has caused a number of problems, such as weakened public health service in rural areas, poor professional quality of medical personnel in public health units at village and township levels, current urban public health service could not meet the health demand for urban residents. This paper is a secondary research. Through analysis of the financial problem and both of the advantages and disadvantages of using the Private Finance Initiative （PFI）, it intend to demonstrate that using the PFI could be considered as a good way for the Guangxi government.     

基于院长负责制的公立医院治理结构研究

通过对温州市公立医院治理结构实施现状的研究,指出现行公立医院治理结构缺陷成因包括三权制衡难以有效实施、院长权力的绝对性与局限性、院长负责制的家长制倾向;并对理事会领导下的院长负责制进行充分论证,认为公立医院治理结构的改革是个持续完善的过程,有效的激励、监督和竞争机制对提高医院运营效率有着重要的意义.

Abstract：

This paper studied the present governance practice in public hospitals in Wenzhou,Zhejiang province. Points made in the paper cover the following: failure of the check-and-balance of the three powers due to defects of the existing governance mechanism of public hospitals, absolute power and limitation of the hospital director as well as the patriarchal tendency of the director responsibility system.The author also demonstrated the director responsibility system under the board of directors, holding that the reform of the public hospital governance is a process of ongoing improvements, for which the mechanism of effective incentives, supervision and competition mechanism plays a key role for efficient hospital operations.     

Province, 650091)The fail

ording to law and the effect of public administration. There are several reasons for this failure: multi - identities of civil service leads to the overlapping of person responsiblity; ambiguity of rights and obligations leads to insufficiency of legal basis; the types     

基于社会治理视角的公立医院社会评价策略及研究框架构建

社会治理是基于对社会管理过程中权力格局分析与判断,在政府、市场、社会与公民基本关系明确定位的前提下倡导的新型公共管理模式.社会评价是基于社会治理理论的一种有效实现载体和手段,由于其对公众利益和责任表达、解决突出社会矛盾问题具针对性和优越性,已得到普遍促进和应用.在基于社会治理理论开展公立医院管理改革情景分析的基础上,阐述了国内外社会治理及社会评价理论、内涵与进展,以及对相关社会领域社会评价治理路径及实践探索进行梳理分析,提出了在医疗服务管理领域探讨和开发其公立医院社会评价策略及研究框架构建,为探索建立公立医院社会管理制度以及政策制定提供依据.

Abstract：

Social governance is a novel form of public administration made based on the analysis and judgment for the power pattern in the course of social administration, a model advocated in the premise of a clearly positioned relationship among the government, marketplace, society and citizens.Social evaluation is an effective carrier and means leveraging the social governance theory, which has found extensive and outstanding use in such issues as expression of public interests and responsibilities,and in tackling sharp social problems. The authors called into play the scenario analysis based on public hospital management reforms with the social governance theory. In addition, they explored social governance at home and abroad as well as the theories, meaning and progress of social evaluation, and analyzed the pathways and probes in social evaluation and governance in the fields in question. On such basis, the paper proposed to explore and develop the social evaluation strategies and study framework for public hospitals in terms of healthcare management, aiming at building the social governance system and policies for public hospitals.     

法国公立医院改革的主要做法与启示

为了应对经济危机和人口老龄化,法国公立医院开始了以成本控制为主要目标的改革。改革的重点在于服务体系、管理体制和补偿机制,具体措施包括成立区域卫生管理局,制定区域卫生规划,为公立医院发展设定目标和明确功能定位;通过构建权责明晰的治理结构和签订绩效管理合同,公立医院院长在政府宏观管理下拥有较大的经营自主权;通过加强预算管理和支付方式改革等多种方式控制医疗服务成本;加强对公立医院的认证和评价。改革主要特点是加强医疗资源规划与整合,促进公立医院与区域卫生管理局的契约化,明确公立医院治理的各方权责,通过控制医疗费用提高资源利用效率,对我国公立医院改革具有一定借鉴。     

潍坊市公立医院法人治理结构改革总体思路与探索

介绍了潍坊市实施公立医院法人治理结构改革的总体思路和具体做法,包括:组建政府办医机构,明确公立医院所有者的责权;落实独立法人地位,激发公立医院内在活力;完善监督制约机制,确保公立医院有序有效运行.通过实施公立医院法人治理结构改革,理顺了公立医院管理体制,调动了医院院长及医务人员的积极性,公立医院公益性得到进一步发挥,群众看病就医满意度显著提高.     

自主治理理论视域下的公立医院改革

现有医改方案不是市场的就是政府的,而且得出的结论往往是悲观的或过于乐观的。奥斯特罗姆指出,以政府为唯一或以市场为唯一的途径解决公共事务问题,都是有问题的。本文结合理论与案例,提出通过自治组织管理公共物品的途径：我国公立医院改革的切入点是培育优秀民营医院,鼓励国际资本和慈善机构举办医疗机构,倒逼公立医院改革,实现医疗卫生服务领域的主体多元化,为多元化的自主治理创造基本条件;之后,借用市场竞争之手和政府调控之手实现和谐共治。     

突破我国公立医院“主体改革链”难点的探讨

公立医院改革是卫生改革的难点。研究提出公立医院资源配置、政府财政补控、医院管理运行模式形成我国公立医院“主体改革链”,并对其主要内容、总体改革思路与方法进行研究探讨：研究认为,突破我国公立医院“主体改革链”的关键在于优化区域卫生规划、合理配置卫生资源、完善补偿控费机制、创新医院管理模式。     

我国公立医院管理与考核的现状、问题及政策建议

在国家增加医疗卫生投入、医疗保障覆盖面逐步扩大的情况下,加强对公立医院的考核监督,就成为保障医改效果最终实现的关键措施。目前,我国在医改中对公立医院的定位和作用认识还不够清楚、法律和政策框架不健全,尤其是对非营利性机构监管措施严重缺失;公立医院管理体制不完善,行业管理力度薄弱;公立医院治理结构不明晰,政府和公立医院之间的委托代理授权关系虚化;对公立医院考核监督体系不健全,考核结果没有充分起到激励公立医院改进绩效的作用。我们提出了强化对公立医院的监督管理的政策建议,一是明确公立医院定位,完善公立医院法制;二是理顺公立医院管理体制,提高管理能力;三是建立公立医院产权和财务管理制度;四是建立公立医院绩效考核和信息公开制度;五是加强对公立医院的立法监督和群众监督,建立公立医院审计制度和巡视制度;六是建立和完善公立医院数据收集和发布机制。     

深圳市医疗服务体制改革回顾与展望

分析了深圳市医疗服务发展现状及其改革探索情况,提出了深圳市医疗服务管理体制的改革思路:①加快实施卫生事业"一大一小"发展战略,促进区域卫生资源均衡化布局;②构建资源配置合理、信息资源共享的公立医院集群;③全面推进公立医院管理体制改革,建立政事分开、管办分开的公立医院管理体制;④完善权责清晰、监管有力的公立医院监管机制;⑤建立有效激励、自我约束的科学运行机制;⑥建立医药分开、规范统一的公立医院服务模式.     

公立医院风险导向内部审计的应用

公立医院是政府体系下为实现公共医疗服务目的而设立的组织载体。随着医疗服务市场的建立和医疗卫生体制改革的逐步深入,公立医院既要充分体现公益性和社会化特点,又要不断谋求自身发展,其经营和管理更加复杂,组织风险不断增加。本文围绕公立医院运行的目标任务,探索以风险为导向、以控制为主线、以治理为目标、以增值为目的的公立医院内部管理风险导向审计新方法,达到强化内部控制、实现组织增值的目的。     

实施卫生投融资改革的初步构想

章提出了通过塑造公立医院的投资主体和产权代表，以明晰产权归属，界定投资权益为抓手，来实施卫生投融资改革的构想，化指出，改革的核心是依托市场机制来提高政府投资效率，推动公立医院的机制转换和快速发展，章最后提出应正确理解这一改革与政府职能转变，医院管理体制改革，多元化办医，医院建立法人治理结构，医院产权制度改革，组建医院集团等的关系。     

杭州市公立医院集团化发展现状分析与对策研究

我国公立医院集团化发展已取得了一定进展,但对区域性公立医院集团化发展缺乏阶段性的实证跟踪研究。以杭州市为例介绍了公立医院通过横向联合、纵向合作等方式组建集团的基本情况。对公立医院集团发展取得的成效和存在的问题进行了分析．最后从政府和医院两个层面提出对策建议。强化政府规划,投入监管职能．规范公立医院集团化发展。如明确政府职责探索建立市级医院管理委员会,创新建立债效评价体系等。发挥公立医院自主创新作用,加快公立医院集团化发展,如完善管理集团组建方式,深化集团医院运行机制改革,塑造独特服务品牌等。公立医院实施集团化发展战略是顺应我们深化医药卫生体制改革新形式。运用市场环境等条件自我发展壮大的途径之一。     

试论政府职能转变与公立医院管理体制改革

当前,如何加快推进政府行政管理体制改革,实现政府职能重构,已成为我国经济社会整体转型的现实要求。公立医院改革是我国医疗卫生体制改革的核心乃至关键环节,只有把公立医院改革提升到体制改革的层面,实现政府医疗卫生服务管理职能的重构与转变,才能推动公立医院管理体制和治理结构改革,也才能构建与市场经济体制和社会需求相适应的基本医疗卫生制度,从而实现全社会医疗福利最大化的医改的最终目标。