深圳市公立医院法人治理改革探索

分析了目前公立医院体制机制方面存在的问题,按照"政事分开、管办分开、医药分开、营利性与非营利性分开"的改革原则,制定了公立医院法人治理改革实施路径.一是建立公立医院管理委员会,统筹政府办医保障职能;建立公立医院管理机构,提高举办医院的行政管理水平;转变卫生行政部门职能,形成多元化办医格局.二是建立分级决策机制、自主经营制度及多元监管制度,解决政事分开问题.三是研究制定公立医院章程,促进公立医院向法定机构转变,通过法制化巩固法人治理改革成果.

Abstract：

Analysis of setbacks found in the existing system and mechanism of public hospitals. Based on the health reform principles of "Separation of administration and management, Separation of administration and operation, Separation of prescribing and dispensing, and Separation of for-profit hospitals and nonprofit hospitals", the authors named the following roadmap for public hospital governance reform. First, set up a management committee for each public hospital to coordinate the government function for medical service; set up a public hospital authority to upgrade the management level of these hospitals; transform functionality of health authorities to encourage diversity in medical service providers. Second, establish the tiered decision making mechanism, autonomous operation system and diversified supervision system, to separate administration and management. Third, formulate articles of association for hospitals to encourage their evolution to legal entities, consolidating the government reforms by legal means.     

基于院长负责制的公立医院治理结构研究

通过对温州市公立医院治理结构实施现状的研究,指出现行公立医院治理结构缺陷成因包括三权制衡难以有效实施、院长权力的绝对性与局限性、院长负责制的家长制倾向;并对理事会领导下的院长负责制进行充分论证,认为公立医院治理结构的改革是个持续完善的过程,有效的激励、监督和竞争机制对提高医院运营效率有着重要的意义.

Abstract：

This paper studied the present governance practice in public hospitals in Wenzhou,Zhejiang province. Points made in the paper cover the following: failure of the check-and-balance of the three powers due to defects of the existing governance mechanism of public hospitals, absolute power and limitation of the hospital director as well as the patriarchal tendency of the director responsibility system.The author also demonstrated the director responsibility system under the board of directors, holding that the reform of the public hospital governance is a process of ongoing improvements, for which the mechanism of effective incentives, supervision and competition mechanism plays a key role for efficient hospital operations.     

基于社会治理视角的公立医院社会评价策略及研究框架构建

社会治理是基于对社会管理过程中权力格局分析与判断,在政府、市场、社会与公民基本关系明确定位的前提下倡导的新型公共管理模式.社会评价是基于社会治理理论的一种有效实现载体和手段,由于其对公众利益和责任表达、解决突出社会矛盾问题具针对性和优越性,已得到普遍促进和应用.在基于社会治理理论开展公立医院管理改革情景分析的基础上,阐述了国内外社会治理及社会评价理论、内涵与进展,以及对相关社会领域社会评价治理路径及实践探索进行梳理分析,提出了在医疗服务管理领域探讨和开发其公立医院社会评价策略及研究框架构建,为探索建立公立医院社会管理制度以及政策制定提供依据.

Abstract：

Social governance is a novel form of public administration made based on the analysis and judgment for the power pattern in the course of social administration, a model advocated in the premise of a clearly positioned relationship among the government, marketplace, society and citizens.Social evaluation is an effective carrier and means leveraging the social governance theory, which has found extensive and outstanding use in such issues as expression of public interests and responsibilities,and in tackling sharp social problems. The authors called into play the scenario analysis based on public hospital management reforms with the social governance theory. In addition, they explored social governance at home and abroad as well as the theories, meaning and progress of social evaluation, and analyzed the pathways and probes in social evaluation and governance in the fields in question. On such basis, the paper proposed to explore and develop the social evaluation strategies and study framework for public hospitals in terms of healthcare management, aiming at building the social governance system and policies for public hospitals.     

公立医院筹资补偿机制的探讨

"为群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务"是<公立医院改革试点指导意见>提出的公立医院医疗卫生服务的总体目标,这一目标的实现仅靠改革公立医院内部运行机制是很难奏效的.公立医院的投入机制、区域医疗卫生服务体系的布局、医院所在地的经济与产业状况、医疗保障(险)的支付额度与支付审批程序等众多因素直接影响医院的投入与产出.本文从我国医院的投入补偿机制入手,分析了医院投入与产出的特征,提出建立基于公益性绩效的公立医院投入补偿的观点,为进一步完善公立医院的管理体制、形成以公益性为导向的公立医院运行机制提供参考依据.

Abstract：

Access of safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services to the people is set as the goal of public hospitals health services as stated in the "Guidelines for Public Hospitals Pilot Reform". Such a goal, however, can hardly be achieved by mechanism changes within the public hospitals. The input and output of public hospitals rely critically on such factors as the input mechanism, regional pattern of healthcare system, the economic and industrial conditions of the region,payment quota and payment approval procedures of medical insurance. This paper set off from the input compensation mechanism of public hospitals in China and analyzed the input and output characteristics of the hospitals. Furthermore, the paper proposed to establish an input compensation mechanism based on public welfare performance for such hospitals. This provided further reference for improving the management of public hospitals and building a public welfare-oriented operation mechanism of public hospitals.     

湖北省6家公立医院的经济运行现状分析

目的 了解湖北省公立医院的经济运行现状,分析其对公立医院公益性的影响.方法 采用现场调查的方法收集数据,结合相关统计资料对湖北省公立医院的经济运行现状进行分析.结果 湖北省公立医院的财务收支不断增加并趋于平衡;政府财政补助有限,90%以上的公立医院收入来源于医疗收入和药品收入;公立医院人均业务收入呈逐年增长的趋势;湖北省公立医院的资产负债率相对较高.结论 宏观经济体制和卫生政策的变革、经济利益的诱导阻碍了公立医院公益性的实现.完善公立医院的财政补偿机制,规范公立医院的财务管理机制.

Abstract：

Objective To understand the current economical operation of public hospitals in Hubei province and its effect on their public welfare performance. Methods To collect data in field survey and to analyze the current economic situation of such hospitals in the province based on relevant statistics.Results Financial revenue and expenditure of these hospitals keep rising and achieving a balance in general; for the insufficient government financial subsidy, 90% of the revenue of such hospitals come from their medical services and drugs sold; the per capita revenue of these public hospitals maintains a yearly rising trend; their asset-liability ratio was relatively high. Conclusions The public welfare performance of these hospitals tends to be impeded by the reform on the macro economic system and health policy changes, on top of the attraction of economic interests. Improving the government subsidy mechanism for public hospitals and standardizing the financial management mechanism of public hospitals.     

杭州地区大型公立医院涉外医疗现状调查

以杭州市三级公立医院为典型调查对象,通过对医院工作者和在杭外籍人士的双重视角的问卷调查,结合文献研究,发现和总结杭州市公立医院涉外医疗服务方面存在以下4个普遍性问题:医生与外籍患者存在沟通障碍,医疗服务信息沟通不到位,服务环境和服务态度还不尽人意,医疗保险及收费体制问题.据此提出了政府完善涉外医疗服务体系的政策建议,包括要创建与国际接轨的医疗服务质量管理规范、收费体制改革及医保管理和涉外医疗服务机构的规划和宣传,以及医院内部关键要素的管理对策.

Abstract：

The study focused on tertiary public hospitals in Hangzhou,investigating the comments of both hospitals workers and foreigners in the city with questionnaires and literature search.The foilowing four problems were identified in the study in the foreigner medical services in Hangzhou:Communication barriers between doctors and foreign patients,insufficient communication of medical service information,poor service environment and service attitude,and payment mechanism for medical insurance and charges.On such basis,the authors recommended policy changes for the government to improve foreigner-oriented medical services,including building the regulations up to intemational customs for medical services,reforms in the payment system,medical insurance management,as well as planning and promotions of foreigner-related service institutions,and management strategies for key elements within the hospital     

民营医院履行社会责任的实践探索

介绍了我院作为改制后的民营医院,在医院文化建设方面,通过创建爱康医院家的文化,树立爱康价值观,构建和谐的医院工作环境;在管理体制改革方面,实施管办分离,成立了支持系统和运营系统,通过先进的管理方法改进医疗服务质量;在回报社会方面,通过积极救助弱势群体、积极承担公共卫生服务、热心慈善等,付出真诚的爱心,切实履行社会责任.

Abstract：

The paper introduced the organization culture building of a private hospital, in creating the Aikang hospital as your home culture and Aikang values for building a harmonious workplace for the hospital. The management system reform features the separation between regulations and management,building of the supporting system and operating system, for better quality of care with advanced management practice. The social rewards feature great efforts in supporting the disadvantageous population, and undertaking public health service and charity activities. These care and love to the community help the hospital to fulfill its social responsibilities.     

安徽省8所公立医院医务人员对改革的认知分析

通过对安徽省8所二三级公立医院进行专题问卷调查,分析了不同级别医院、不同岗位、不同职务、不同职称、不同年龄的1140名医务人员对医药卫生体制改革政策知晓情况、对公立医院改革重点问题的赞同情况、参与改革的意愿情况以及影响其改革意愿的相关因素,提出对公立医院改革宣传仍需加强、改革补偿机制以明确政府职责、探索注册医师多点执业的合理模式、鼓励社会资本办医并保证其"非营利性"、完善绩效考核制度以提高医务人员改革积极性等建议,旨在为卫生行政主管部门决策提供依据和参考.

Abstract：

A total of 1140 medical workers from 8 public hospitals of secondary and tertiary levels in Anhui were surveyed with questionnaire. Their knowledge of the reform, acknowledgement of key points of the reform, desire of participating in the reform and other factors that may influence the reform were investigated as categorized by their hospital, position, title and age. This study comes up with such recommendations as reinforcing communications on public hospital reform, reforming the compensation mechanism to clarify government responsibilities, probing into a better model for multi-institution practice of certified physicians, and encouraging private capital to participate in medical service while ensuring its "non-profit" nature, and improving the performance appraisal mechanism to ensure incentives of medical workers. These recommendations aim to enable the health administrators in their decision making.     

我国医院失信惩戒机制构建研究

依据失信惩戒机制的基本原理,开展医院失信惩戒机制的基本内涵与理念的探讨,提出了我国构建医院失信惩戒机制的必要性和医院失信惩戒机制构建的基本理念.重点论述了我国构建医院失信惩戒机制的基本途径,包括确立政府主导地位、制定医院失信监管主体、制定医院失信行为的认定与责任制度、医院失信行为的处罚制度、医院失信行为的信息披露制度及医院信用的奖励与教育制度以及加强建立医院失信惩戒机制的配套建设.

Abstract：

The basic principles of dishonesty disciplinary mechanism are called into play tO probe into such issues as the necessity and key points of building such a mechanism in China's hospitals.The paper focused on ascertaining government leadership,designating key regulators of hospital dishonesty,formulating the regulations for hospital dishonesty recognition and accountability,penalty system for hospital dishonesty,information disclosure system for hospital dishonesty behavior.In addition,it covered such aspects as the incentives and education measures for hospital credit,and building supportive measures for hospitals dishonesty disciplinary mechanism.     

公立医院医师多点执业制度探讨

回顾了我国医师多点执业的制度背景,从微观层面分析了制约我国公立医院医师多点执业行为选择的原因,并以此为基础,探索促进医师多点执业行为选择的措施,包括先行设计多点执业制度、健全多点执业的医疗质量及安全机制、完善医师多点执业激励机制、实行强制医疗责任险以分担医师多点执业风险,期望对推进我国医师多点执业提供帮助.

Abstract：

A review of the system background for the multi-institution physician practice in China,and an analysis for the specific constraints for physicians of public hospitals to embrace such a practice On this basis, the paper probed into the measures to encourage the physicians for doing so. The measures recommended include advanced design, improvement of the quality of care and safety mechanism,incentives mechanism, mandatory enforcement of medical liability insurance to minimize risk exposure of such a practice, aiming at advancement of this practice.     

建立法人治理结构的实践与探索

对东阳市人民医院建立法人治理结构、实施董事会领导下的院长负责制、落实医院独立法人地位的16年改革经历进行了回顾性综述.实践表明,建立和完善法人治理结构是推行政事分开、管办分开、经营权与所有权分离的有效形式,是落实公立医院独立法人地位、推进医院可持续发展的重要保证,是当前推进公立医院改革的一个可以借鉴的模式.     

深圳市医疗服务体制改革回顾与展望

分析了深圳市医疗服务发展现状及其改革探索情况,提出了深圳市医疗服务管理体制的改革思路:①加快实施卫生事业"一大一小"发展战略,促进区域卫生资源均衡化布局;②构建资源配置合理、信息资源共享的公立医院集群;③全面推进公立医院管理体制改革,建立政事分开、管办分开的公立医院管理体制;④完善权责清晰、监管有力的公立医院监管机制;⑤建立有效激励、自我约束的科学运行机制;⑥建立医药分开、规范统一的公立医院服务模式.     

深化公立医院体制改革的初步探索

新医改背景下,公立医院改革成为社会普遍关注的焦点、热点和难点.作者对无锡市公立医院体制改革"三步走"进行了解析,阐述了该市医疗卫生系统在探索托管制改革、管办分离模式和理事会制度方面的具体做法及取得的初步成效.并以无锡市第二人民医院为例,介绍了医院在内部运行机制、管理创新、医疗服务模式、医院内涵建设及人才培养等方面所开展的工作及效果.     

深圳市构建现代医院管理制度的基本路径与进展分析

深圳市按照现代医院管理制度建设要求，着力转变政府职能，厘清政府与医院、医院与市场、医院与医务人员、医院与患者之间的关系，通过改革公立医院管理体制、治理机制、补偿机制，推动三医联动、人事薪酬制度改革，完善医院内部制度规范，推进智慧医院建设，初步建立起权责清晰、管理科学、治理完善、运行高效、监督有力的现代医院管理制度。2010-2018年，深圳市公立医院收支结构趋于合理，公益性得到良好体现，医务人员薪酬得到合理提高。目前改革中依然存在若干挑战，权责清晰的公立医院治理体系还不完善，医院核心管理制度还不健全，人事薪酬等关键环节改革尚未全面开展；建议以法治强化全行业管理，以章程为总纲强化医院制度建设，以人事薪酬制度改革为核心推动医院高质量发展。     

基于社会治理视角的公立医院社会评价策略及研究框架构建

社会治理是基于对社会管理过程中权力格局分析与判断,在政府、市场、社会与公民基本关系明确定位的前提下倡导的新型公共管理模式.社会评价是基于社会治理理论的一种有效实现载体和手段,由于其对公众利益和责任表达、解决突出社会矛盾问题具针对性和优越性,已得到普遍促进和应用.在基于社会治理理论开展公立医院管理改革情景分析的基础上,阐述了国内外社会治理及社会评价理论、内涵与进展,以及对相关社会领域社会评价治理路径及实践探索进行梳理分析,提出了在医疗服务管理领域探讨和开发其公立医院社会评价策略及研究框架构建,为探索建立公立医院社会管理制度以及政策制定提供依据.     

我国公立医院的功能运行状况与改革进展

经过多年的发展,我国公立医院的服务能力逐步提高,服务功能不断完善,提供了大量的门诊、住院及疑难杂症和危重症诊治服务,承担公共卫生服务、应对突发公共卫生事件、医学教育和科研、对口支援贫困地区基层卫生机构等具有社会功能性质的任务。但我国公立医院在运行中也出现一些问题,如应有的功能和责任履行不到位,布局、规模和结构不尽合理,职工收入与经济效益挂钩,负债经营现象普遍等。为促进我国公立医院良性发展,近年来进行了一系列改革探索,并取得了部分进展,主要包括：1）决策权的变革,主要体现在扩大人员聘用自主权和薪酬分配自主权;2）筹资领域实行融资改革;3）市场环境方面,进行支付方式的改革和对医院支持系统进行社会化改革;4）治理模式改革方面,政府通过任命医院领导团队实施管制;实施新型治理模式的改革,如建立医院管理中心和医院管理理事会,实施“管办分开”等;建立医院集团、推进功能整合等治理模式。     

基于社会治理视角的公立医院社会评价策略及研究框架构建

社会治理是基于对社会管理过程中权力格局分析与判断,在政府、市场、社会与公民基本关系明确定位的前提下倡导的新型公共管理模式.社会评价是基于社会治理理论的一种有效实现载体和手段,由于其对公众利益和责任表达、解决突出社会矛盾问题具针对性和优越性,已得到普遍促进和应用.在基于社会治理理论开展公立医院管理改革情景分析的基础上,阐述了国内外社会治理及社会评价理论、内涵与进展,以及对相关社会领域社会评价治理路径及实践探索进行梳理分析,提出了在医疗服务管理领域探讨和开发其公立医院社会评价策略及研究框架构建,为探索建立公立医院社会管理制度以及政策制定提供依据.     

俄罗斯公立医院改革的主要做法与特点

俄罗斯公立医院体系是由全国统一建立,但受经济转型的影响,早期的改革重点是管理体制上向地方分权、积极拓宽筹资渠道、加强机构之间的竞争。但这些改革并未达到预期的效果,所以当前改革的重点在于优化结构布局、集合管理职权、实施医药分开和加大对地区级公立医院的投入。改革的主要特点是受政治经济体制改革的影响较大,重视政府干预与市场机制相结合,并与医疗保险改革相互促进,通过加强立法为改革提供支持和保障。这种在服务体系方面优化资源配置、在公立医院管理上加强了政府的干预作用的改革策略可为我国公立医院改革提供借鉴。     

以“管办分开”理顺公立医院治理结构——上海申康医院发展中心公立医院治理改革剖析

上海市公立医院管理体制改革通过政府相关部门参与＂申康＂董事会,形成了多部门的联合治理,实质是对公立医院决策权、执行权和监管权的重新构建。＂申康＂作为非营利性事业法人,体现了公共部门治理的特征,规范了公立医院所有者和经营者的职能和权限。＂申康＂与市级医院的分权仍是在所有权和经营权分离范围内的公立医院自主化改革,＂申康＂和政府部门的分权则是法人化改革的探索。＂申康＂的设立,为厘清管办分开和政事分开的思路提供了一个鲜活的案例。