深圳市公立医院法人治理改革探索

分析了目前公立医院体制机制方面存在的问题,按照"政事分开、管办分开、医药分开、营利性与非营利性分开"的改革原则,制定了公立医院法人治理改革实施路径.一是建立公立医院管理委员会,统筹政府办医保障职能;建立公立医院管理机构,提高举办医院的行政管理水平;转变卫生行政部门职能,形成多元化办医格局.二是建立分级决策机制、自主经营制度及多元监管制度,解决政事分开问题.三是研究制定公立医院章程,促进公立医院向法定机构转变,通过法制化巩固法人治理改革成果.

Abstract：

Analysis of setbacks found in the existing system and mechanism of public hospitals. Based on the health reform principles of "Separation of administration and management, Separation of administration and operation, Separation of prescribing and dispensing, and Separation of for-profit hospitals and nonprofit hospitals", the authors named the following roadmap for public hospital governance reform. First, set up a management committee for each public hospital to coordinate the government function for medical service; set up a public hospital authority to upgrade the management level of these hospitals; transform functionality of health authorities to encourage diversity in medical service providers. Second, establish the tiered decision making mechanism, autonomous operation system and diversified supervision system, to separate administration and management. Third, formulate articles of association for hospitals to encourage their evolution to legal entities, consolidating the government reforms by legal means.     

公立医院筹资补偿机制的探讨

"为群众提供安全、有效、方便、价廉的医疗卫生服务"是<公立医院改革试点指导意见>提出的公立医院医疗卫生服务的总体目标,这一目标的实现仅靠改革公立医院内部运行机制是很难奏效的.公立医院的投入机制、区域医疗卫生服务体系的布局、医院所在地的经济与产业状况、医疗保障(险)的支付额度与支付审批程序等众多因素直接影响医院的投入与产出.本文从我国医院的投入补偿机制入手,分析了医院投入与产出的特征,提出建立基于公益性绩效的公立医院投入补偿的观点,为进一步完善公立医院的管理体制、形成以公益性为导向的公立医院运行机制提供参考依据.

Abstract：

Access of safe, effective, convenient and affordable medical and health care services to the people is set as the goal of public hospitals health services as stated in the "Guidelines for Public Hospitals Pilot Reform". Such a goal, however, can hardly be achieved by mechanism changes within the public hospitals. The input and output of public hospitals rely critically on such factors as the input mechanism, regional pattern of healthcare system, the economic and industrial conditions of the region,payment quota and payment approval procedures of medical insurance. This paper set off from the input compensation mechanism of public hospitals in China and analyzed the input and output characteristics of the hospitals. Furthermore, the paper proposed to establish an input compensation mechanism based on public welfare performance for such hospitals. This provided further reference for improving the management of public hospitals and building a public welfare-oriented operation mechanism of public hospitals.     

基于院长负责制的公立医院治理结构研究

通过对温州市公立医院治理结构实施现状的研究,指出现行公立医院治理结构缺陷成因包括三权制衡难以有效实施、院长权力的绝对性与局限性、院长负责制的家长制倾向;并对理事会领导下的院长负责制进行充分论证,认为公立医院治理结构的改革是个持续完善的过程,有效的激励、监督和竞争机制对提高医院运营效率有着重要的意义.

Abstract：

This paper studied the present governance practice in public hospitals in Wenzhou,Zhejiang province. Points made in the paper cover the following: failure of the check-and-balance of the three powers due to defects of the existing governance mechanism of public hospitals, absolute power and limitation of the hospital director as well as the patriarchal tendency of the director responsibility system.The author also demonstrated the director responsibility system under the board of directors, holding that the reform of the public hospital governance is a process of ongoing improvements, for which the mechanism of effective incentives, supervision and competition mechanism plays a key role for efficient hospital operations.     

湖北省6家公立医院的经济运行现状分析

目的 了解湖北省公立医院的经济运行现状,分析其对公立医院公益性的影响.方法 采用现场调查的方法收集数据,结合相关统计资料对湖北省公立医院的经济运行现状进行分析.结果 湖北省公立医院的财务收支不断增加并趋于平衡;政府财政补助有限,90%以上的公立医院收入来源于医疗收入和药品收入;公立医院人均业务收入呈逐年增长的趋势;湖北省公立医院的资产负债率相对较高.结论 宏观经济体制和卫生政策的变革、经济利益的诱导阻碍了公立医院公益性的实现.完善公立医院的财政补偿机制,规范公立医院的财务管理机制.

Abstract：

Objective To understand the current economical operation of public hospitals in Hubei province and its effect on their public welfare performance. Methods To collect data in field survey and to analyze the current economic situation of such hospitals in the province based on relevant statistics.Results Financial revenue and expenditure of these hospitals keep rising and achieving a balance in general; for the insufficient government financial subsidy, 90% of the revenue of such hospitals come from their medical services and drugs sold; the per capita revenue of these public hospitals maintains a yearly rising trend; their asset-liability ratio was relatively high. Conclusions The public welfare performance of these hospitals tends to be impeded by the reform on the macro economic system and health policy changes, on top of the attraction of economic interests. Improving the government subsidy mechanism for public hospitals and standardizing the financial management mechanism of public hospitals.     

当前公立医院改革试点几个问题的分析

公立医院改革试点对于卫生资源的合理配置,探索管办分开等具有重要的借鉴意义.分析了当前公立医院改革试点存在技术性措施易推行、管办模式众多、药事服务费标准难定、法人治理结构不完善等问题;并提出公立医院改革需因地制宜以探索适合当地的改革模式、加大财政投入以健全和完善公立医院补偿机制、理顺公立医院管理体制以实现管办分开、完善法人治理结构以确保公立医院的公益性等建议.

Abstract：

Trials in public hospital reforms bear special significance for rational deployment of health resources and exploring the separation of hospital management from routine operations. The paper identified such setbacks in the present trials as easy technology measures, numerous models of separations, difficulty in setting pharmaceutical service fees, and inadequate governance. Authors also recommended such measures as searching for appropriate reforms for public hospitals locally, greater financial resources for completing the compensation mechanism of public hospitals, streamlining their management system for separation of management from operations, and improving governance. All these efforts are designed to enhance the public benefit nature of public hospitals.     

医疗纠纷对临床医生心理影响及其对策研究

Objective Identifying the factors of psychological pressure from medical disputes on clinical doctors and possible solutions. Methods Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) were called into play, to study 52 clinical doctors in a tertiary hospital in a city, who had encountered medical disputes in recent two years. In parallel, 63 clinical doctors without such disputes and 50 non-clinical workers were randomly selected as the control group for questionnaires. Results Clinical doctors with such an experience were commonly found to be anxious, and their SAS score (58. 27±11.38)averaged higher than those in the control group. Doctor-patient relationship, legal liabilities and clinical positions were found to be positively correlated to psychological pressure of clinical doctors. Conclusions Medical disputes tend to add to psychological pressure of the doctors. Clinical doctors deserve psychological counseling and training and improvement of their working conditions.     

医疗纠纷对临床医生心理影响及其对策研究

Objective Identifying the factors of psychological pressure from medical disputes on clinical doctors and possible solutions. Methods Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) were called into play, to study 52 clinical doctors in a tertiary hospital in a city, who had encountered medical disputes in recent two years. In parallel, 63 clinical doctors without such disputes and 50 non-clinical workers were randomly selected as the control group for questionnaires. Results Clinical doctors with such an experience were commonly found to be anxious, and their SAS score (58. 27±11.38)averaged higher than those in the control group. Doctor-patient relationship, legal liabilities and clinical positions were found to be positively correlated to psychological pressure of clinical doctors. Conclusions Medical disputes tend to add to psychological pressure of the doctors. Clinical doctors deserve psychological counseling and training and improvement of their working conditions.     

医疗纠纷对临床医生心理影响及其对策研究

Objective Identifying the factors of psychological pressure from medical disputes on clinical doctors and possible solutions. Methods Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) were called into play, to study 52 clinical doctors in a tertiary hospital in a city, who had encountered medical disputes in recent two years. In parallel, 63 clinical doctors without such disputes and 50 non-clinical workers were randomly selected as the control group for questionnaires. Results Clinical doctors with such an experience were commonly found to be anxious, and their SAS score (58. 27±11.38)averaged higher than those in the control group. Doctor-patient relationship, legal liabilities and clinical positions were found to be positively correlated to psychological pressure of clinical doctors. Conclusions Medical disputes tend to add to psychological pressure of the doctors. Clinical doctors deserve psychological counseling and training and improvement of their working conditions.     

医疗纠纷对临床医生心理影响及其对策研究

Objective Identifying the factors of psychological pressure from medical disputes on clinical doctors and possible solutions. Methods Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) were called into play, to study 52 clinical doctors in a tertiary hospital in a city, who had encountered medical disputes in recent two years. In parallel, 63 clinical doctors without such disputes and 50 non-clinical workers were randomly selected as the control group for questionnaires. Results Clinical doctors with such an experience were commonly found to be anxious, and their SAS score (58. 27±11.38)averaged higher than those in the control group. Doctor-patient relationship, legal liabilities and clinical positions were found to be positively correlated to psychological pressure of clinical doctors. Conclusions Medical disputes tend to add to psychological pressure of the doctors. Clinical doctors deserve psychological counseling and training and improvement of their working conditions.     

医疗纠纷对临床医生心理影响及其对策研究

Objective Identifying the factors of psychological pressure from medical disputes on clinical doctors and possible solutions. Methods Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI) were called into play, to study 52 clinical doctors in a tertiary hospital in a city, who had encountered medical disputes in recent two years. In parallel, 63 clinical doctors without such disputes and 50 non-clinical workers were randomly selected as the control group for questionnaires. Results Clinical doctors with such an experience were commonly found to be anxious, and their SAS score (58. 27±11.38)averaged higher than those in the control group. Doctor-patient relationship, legal liabilities and clinical positions were found to be positively correlated to psychological pressure of clinical doctors. Conclusions Medical disputes tend to add to psychological pressure of the doctors. Clinical doctors deserve psychological counseling and training and improvement of their working conditions.     

杭州市公立医院“最多跑一次”改革与实践

杭州市全面推进公立医院"最多跑一次"改革,持续撬动医疗服务提质增效,革新医院内部运行机制等典型经验,已引起各界广泛关注。文章阐释了杭州市率先全国开展以患者及医务人员为中心、以智慧医疗信息化为手段的公立医院"最多跑一次"改革的框架设计与实践,重点分析了"最多跑一次"在优化患者就医流程、极大改善患者舒心就医体验以及增强医院服务能力等方面的改革成效。提出了完善医务人员院内业务系统、健全医院信息安全机制、助推医院综合改革等建议与展望,为各地加强医院精细化管理以及现代医院治理能力建设提供借鉴与启示。     

体制和机制问题是公立医院改革的关键

文章通过对现行公立医疗机构管理体制和运行机制存在的问题加以分析,提出了解决"体制、机制"问题是公立医院改革的关键,并就如何深化公立医院管理体制和运行机制的改革提出了建议。其中,建议包括:面向基本医疗、坚持政府主导;增加政府投入、强化行业监管;坚持推进改革、建立全新机制。     

新医疗环境下公立医院精细化绩效管理改革分析

随着医疗深化改革的不断推进,新医疗环境下公立医院绩效管理问题日渐凸显。公立医院在发展过程中,医院对医务工作者绩效改革力度逐渐加大。医院传统绩效管理体制制度不明确,易造成医疗服务出现偏差。为了保障医疗工作者的切实利益和公立医院的可持续健康发展,合理构建并完善新医改环境下公立医院精细化绩效管理,意义重大。该文就绩效管理的背景、解决对策等方面来分析新医疗环境下公立医院精细化绩效管理改革。     

以医院文化建设为导向加强人才队伍建设

随着我国新一轮医疗体制改革的深入推进和国家卫生政策的逐步调整,新医改的一个重要思路是,将医疗服务机构和广大医务工作者作为医改的主体,通过调动广大医务工作者积极性来体现公立医院的公益性。因此,医疗科技人才对卫生事业健康发展的助推作用和对医药卫生体制改革的支撑作用就凸现出来。而医院文化是医院可持续发展动力的源泉,对医院建设发展的各个方面都起到重要作用。     

RBRVS评估法在医院绩效分配中的应用探讨

在新医改形势下,医院逐渐实现经营自主权,公立医院进入自由医疗市场后,核心竞争力是医院竞争脱颖而出的重要体现,如何提升医务工作者的工作积极性、创新性及责任感对医院提升整体竞争力具有重要意义。目前医院绩效考核最主要的矛盾是医务人员劳务输出与奖金收入脱钩,如何从收入体现医务工作者的劳务输出,将付出与收入有机结合成为医院绩效分配管理改革的重点。为充分考虑医务工作者的工作强度、难度和风险,将工作尽可能量化,本研究将RBRVS评估法应用于我院绩效分配管理中,现就试行过程中的心得进行总结。     

深化公立医院体制改革的初步探索

新医改背景下,公立医院改革成为社会普遍关注的焦点、热点和难点.作者对无锡市公立医院体制改革"三步走"进行了解析,阐述了该市医疗卫生系统在探索托管制改革、管办分离模式和理事会制度方面的具体做法及取得的初步成效.并以无锡市第二人民医院为例,介绍了医院在内部运行机制、管理创新、医疗服务模式、医院内涵建设及人才培养等方面所开展的工作及效果.     

公立医院改革与社会功能关系的探讨

该文研究了公立医院的宏观管理体制和微观组织改革对于转轨时期公立医院社会功能的影响，进行了公立医院社会功能的利益相关者分析，并据此提出了保证公立医院社会功能的政策建议。     

院长最关注的改革重点:基于三级公立医院的调查

目的:了解我国大型公立医院院长对公立医院改革主要措施的关注情况及态度。方法:随机抽取200名三级公立医院院长进行横断面调查。结果:公立医院院长最关注的问题是增加政府投入(83.7%),对推行临床路径关注比例最低(19.7%)。院长认为政府平均投入应占医院总收入的50.8%,且55.1%的院长认为政府应该按项目对公立医院进行投入。82.0%的院长认为收入未提高是影响医务人员参与医院改革积极性的主要因素,并且仅14.5%的院长对自己目前的收入水平是满意的。结论:三级公立医院院长最关注医院运营相关的改革措施,其次是薪酬制度和院长责权改革。因此,公立医院改革应建立科学合理的医疗服务价格体系以及长效的政府投入机制。建立符合医疗行业特点的岗位绩效薪酬制度,调动医务人员积极性。明确院长责权,落实公立医院经营管理自主权。     

医疗卫生服务创新与公立医院改革

本文通过镇江对新医疗保险制度和公立医院改革进行了分析,希望这次医改对将来中国医疗卫生事业起到指导作用。镇江的医改目的是针对提高医疗服务质量来改善医疗卫生供需,谋求卫生事业有效和持续性的发展。通过对镇江医疗改革的分析和讨论来探索医保制度和公立医院改革的新路,挖掘领导和管理职能在医疗卫生体系中的重要作用。最后,根据镇江卫生改革现状,对医改的发展方向和医院科学管理进行了总结,并为我国的医疗卫生改革顺利完成提出了建设性的意见。     

我国县级公立医院改革关键问题与路径选择

自县级公立医院改革试点以来,在各领域都有所探索并形成初步的改革思路。但是,在改革中仍有不少关键问题未得到解决,诸如：改革的多元顶层设计思路、补偿机制的持续性与稳定性、地方政府财政压力加重、医院管理体制机制改革未能协同进行、调动和保障医务人员积极性的机制亟待完善、医疗服务定价无法体现医疗服务价值、人才队伍建设滞后、医保基金的使用等。建议下一步县级公立医院改革应在多元化、多层次的顶层设计指导下。坚持公益性与医院经营效益相结合,建立县级公立医院的现代医院管理制度。改革要从创新人力资本管理机制、完善破除“以药补医”后的补偿机制和配套措施、推进法人治理和政事分开、加强医保基金对居民医疗需求的引导、加快医院信息化建设等方向上寻求突破。