糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化防御机能的变化

目的：探讨糖尿病对肾脏抗氧化防御机能的影响。方法：观察12周糖尿病大鼠肾皮质丙二醛（MDA）及谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平,以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－PX）、谷胱甘肽S－转移酶（GSH－ST）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的变化。结果：糖尿病大鼠肾组织中SOD、GSH－ST及CAT活性下降,GSH含量显降低;MDA没有变化;GSH－PX活性却明显增强。结论：糖尿病大鼠肾组织抗氧化防御机能明显下降。     

水红花子水提物的抗氧化活性

OBJECTIVE: To study the antioxidative activity of the water-soluble extracts from Fructus Polygoni Orientalis. METHODS: Malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase were measured by thiobarbituric acid assay, nitrite method, respectively. The activity of glutathione peroxidase was determined by 5,5'-dithionbis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) photometric method. Lipofuscin was determined by Sohal method in the brain of senile model mice induced by D-galactose. The extracts of 0.8, 1.6 and 3.2 g.kg(-1).d(-1) were administered to the mice separately through oral gavage daily for 7 weeks. RESULTS: Malondialdehyde content increased, activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the heart, liver and kidney decreased. Levels of lipofuscin in the brain of senile model mice induced by D-galactose increased. The three doses of the extracts could inhibit the levels of lipofuscin in the brain, malondialdehyde in the heart, liver and kidney. These results showed that there was a negative dose-effect relationship. The extracts also up-regulated the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the heart, liver and kidney with a positive dose-effect relationship. CONCLUSION: The water-soluble extracts exert its antioxidative activity by eliminating free hydroxyl radicals, increasing activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase.     

水红花子水提物的抗氧化活性

目的 研究水红花子水提物的抗氧化活性及其机制。方法 用D-半乳糖建立衰老小鼠模型,分别灌胃服用生药量0.8、1.6和3.2g/kg·b.w.的水红花子水提物(n=10),每日1次,共7周。分别用TBA比色法、亚硝酸盐法、DTNB法及Sohal法测定心、肝、肾中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)及脑中脂褐质(LF)含量。结果 衰老小鼠心、肝、肾组织中MDA含量升高,SOD及GSH-PX活性降低,脑组织中LF升高。上述3种剂量的EFPO,能不同程度抑制脑组织中LF升高及心、肝、肾组织中MDA升高,其量效关系均呈负相关,相关系数分别为-0.963(相关性检验P<0.01)、-0.981(P<0.01)、-0.966(P<0.05)及-0.978(P<0.01);能不同程度抑制心、肝、肾组织中SOD活力下降,其量效关系均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.984(P<0.05)、0.990(P<0.01)、0.985(P<0.01);能不同程度抑制心、肝、肾组织中GSH-PX活力下降,其量效关系均呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.984(P<0.01)、0.956(P<0.01)及0.957(P<0.01)。结论 水红花子水提物可通过清除·OH,提高SOD及GSH-PX活力而发挥抗氧化活性。     

金钠多对慢性酒精中毒大鼠血及脑组织自由基的影响

目的:探讨金钠多对慢性酒精中毒大鼠血及脑组织自由基的影响。方法:以10m l/kg.d剂量的市售北京红星牌二锅头(含52%酒精)连续12周灌胃形成大鼠慢性酒精中毒,测定各组大鼠血及脑组织匀浆中脂质过氧化物终末产物丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)及超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的活性。结果:与酒精组比较,(酒精+金钠多)组大鼠血和脑组织匀浆MDA含量显著降低(P<0.01),GSH含量及SOD活性均增高(P<0.01)。结论:金钠多可通过增加GSH含量,增强SOD活性从而抑制酒精对机体血清及脑组织的氧化损伤。     

厄贝沙坦对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激和蛋白激酶C活性的影响

目的 :探讨厄贝沙坦对 2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激 (OS)和蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性的影响。方法 :将实验动物分为正常对照组、糖尿病组及厄贝沙坦治疗组。检测各组第 4 ,5 ,11,17周的血糖、血胰岛素、血脂 (TG、TC) ,11,17周的血肌酐 (Scr)、血尿素氮 (BUN)、尿微白蛋白排泄率 (UAE)、肾组织中丙二醛 (MDA)含量、铜 ,锌 超氧化物歧化酶 (Cu ,Zn SOD)、过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶 (GSH Px)及PKC活性。结果 :与糖尿病组相比 ,厄贝沙坦治疗组血糖、血胰岛素及血脂无明显变化。而Scr、BUN、UAE、肾脏MDA含量、肾细胞膜PKC均明显下降 ,肾脏抗氧化酶活性 (Cu ,Zn SOD、CAT、GSH Px)则明显上升。作相关性分析发现肾脏内MDA含量的变化及抗氧化酶活性的变化与细胞膜、细胞浆PKC活性的变化相关。结论 :厄贝沙坦可以抑制 2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏内的氧化应激 ,并且这种抑制作用与其下调蛋白激酶C活性有关。     

氯氰菊酯对雄性小鼠肝脏组织的氧化损伤

目的:研究氯氰菊酯(cypermethrin,CYP)对雄性小鼠肝脏组织的氧化损伤。方法:将40只昆明种雄性小鼠随机均分为双蒸水灌胃(阴性对照组)和CYP 5、10和20 mg/kg染毒组,连续3周经口灌胃染毒。观察小鼠肝脏脏器系数,同时检测小鼠肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶、总超氧化物歧化酶活性及丙二醛含量。结果:随着CYP染毒剂量的升高,CYP 5 mg/kg和10 mg/kg组小鼠肝脏脏器系数均高于阴性对照组(P<0.01和P<0.05);CYP 10 mg/kg和20 mg/kg染毒组小鼠肝脏组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶与CYP 20 mg/kg组过氧化氢酶活性均低于阴性对照组(P<0.01),CYP 5 mg/kg和10 mg/kg组总超氧化物歧化酶活性均高于阴性对照组(P<0.01),CYP 20 mg/kg组小鼠丙二醛含量亦显著高于阴性对照组(P<0.01)。结论:CYP可以引起雄性小鼠肝脏组织的氧化损伤,且损伤程度与CYP剂量有关。     

早期糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌组织氧化应激的研究

目的:研究早期四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌组织的氧化应激状态.方法:SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组和糖尿病组,四氧嘧啶(200mg/kg)诱导糖尿病大鼠模型14d后,检测2组大鼠血糖、血脂及骨骼肌组织中丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的变化.结果:与正常对照组大鼠比较,糖尿病组大鼠出现了明显的糖脂代谢异常,骨骼肌组织中MDA和NO含量显著升高(均P<0.01),而SOD和GSH-Px活性也显著上升(均P<0.01).结论:早期四氧嘧啶糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌组织处于明显的氧化应激状态,提示氧化应激可能在糖尿病及其并发症的发生、发展中起重要作用.     

不同声强8Hz次声作用对大鼠GSH-PX,SOD活性及MDA含量的影响

目的：观察不同声强的８Ｈｚ次声较长时间作用大鼠后,脑心肝肺的ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ,ＳＯＤ活性及ＭＤＡ含量的变化以探讨次声作用对组织细胞的影响．方法：用８Ｈｚ９０ｄＢ,１２０ｄＢ次声作用,每日２ｈ,１４ｄ后观察大鼠脑肝心肺组织中ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性,ＳＯＤ活性及ＭＤＡ含量的变化．结果：大鼠脑肝肺组织中ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性较对照组均有显著降低（Ｐ〈０．０５,Ｐ〈０．０１）．而心肌组织中ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性变化不明显．大鼠     

灯盏花素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

本研究采用大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型，观察灯盏花素对脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。结果表明，灯盏花素能不同程度地降低脑含水量和ＭＤＡ含量，提高ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ和ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活性，保护Ｎａ＾＋，Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性。提示灯盏花素可通过保护脑组织抗氧化酶的活性，抑制脂质过氧化反应，减轻自由基对脑组织的损害对缺血再灌注脑组织的保护作用。     

运动对糖尿病大鼠脑组织CuZn—SOD、CAT和GSH—Px活性的影响

目的研究运动对糖尿病大鼠脑组织CuZn—SOD、CAT和GSH—Px活性的影响．方法雄性SD大鼠随即机为4组：对照组;运动组;糖尿病组和糖尿病运动组．一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素60mg／kg复制糖尿病模型．大鼠做跑台运动8周．在运动5min和3d后分别测定血浆乳酸和血糖．实验结束后,测定大鼠脑组织CuZn—SOD、CAT和GSH—Px活性．结果糖尿病组大鼠血浆乳酸和血糖明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）．与糖尿病组比较,糖尿病运动组大鼠血浆乳酸和血糖明显降低（P〈0．05）．糖尿病组和糖尿病运动组大鼠脑组织CuZn—SOD和GSH—Px活性明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）．糖尿病组大鼠脑组织CAT活性明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）．在糖尿病运动组中,运动对脑组织CAT活性无明显影响,但可以明显增加脑组织CuZn—SOD活性（P〈0．05）．与糖尿病组比较,糖尿病运动组大鼠脑组织GSH—Px活性明显增加护〈0．05）．结论运动能够增加糖尿病大鼠脑组织CuZn—SOD和GSH—Px活性．     

益气养阴药对糖尿病大鼠血糖及脂质过氧化作用的影响

目的:研究益气养阴药对糖尿病大鼠血糖含量及脂质过氧化作用的影响.方法:益气养阴药治疗糖尿病大鼠5周后,测定全血血糖水平,血清胰岛素活性,脂质过氧化物、丙二醛(MDA)水平,以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性.结果:与模型组比较,治疗组血糖和MDA水平降低,SOD和GSH-Px活性提高(P《0.05).结论:益气养阴药具有减轻糖尿病大鼠体内脂质过氧化反应、降低血糖的作用.     

吡格列酮对糖尿病大鼠氧化应激和肾组织基质积聚的影响

目的研究吡格列酮对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠氧化应激及肾组织细胞外基质蛋白积聚的影响。方法将45只大鼠随机分为3组:正常对照组(NC组),糖尿病对照组(DM组),糖尿病吡格列酮治疗组(DP组)。DP组给予吡格列酮20mg.kg-1.d-1灌胃。8周后观察大鼠肾指数(KI)、尿微量清蛋白(MAU)、肾组织丙二醛(MAD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(Cu,Zn-SOD)等,光镜及超微电镜观察肾脏病理形态学改变,免疫组化法观察肾组织Ⅳ型胶原表达。结果 DM组大鼠KI、MAU、肾组织MAD水平显著高于NC组,并出现典型糖尿病肾病(DN)病理学损害,而DP组KI、MAU、MAD水平明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);DM组大鼠肾组织CAT、Cu-ZnSOD水平较NC组降低(P<0.01),DP组CAT、Cu-ZnSOD显著上升(P<0.01)。DM组大鼠肾组织Ⅳ型胶原表达明显增多,DP组表达显著降低(P<0.01)。结论吡格列酮可通过抑制氧化应激反应、减轻细胞外基质积聚,对DN起保护作用。     

Role of anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase in the development of cataract : study of serum levels in patients with senile and diabetic cataracts

Cataract is a universal phenomenon in old age and the most common cause of blindness worldover. Oxidative stress is believed to be a key factor in the gradual loss of transparency of lens. Free radicals formed result in derangement and opacification of lens fibres. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase are major anti-oxidant enzymes, which protect against free radicals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of anti-oxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase and catalase in the development of cataract in senile and diabetic persons. Serum levels of major anti-oxidant enzymes-superoxide dismutase and catalase were estimated in 20 patients with diabetic cataract, and matched with another 20 patients of senile cataract taken as control. Estimation of superoxide dismutase was done by improved spectrophotometric assay based on epinephrine auto-oxidation at 480nm, while catalase estimation was done by the method of Hugo Aebi. The mean serum levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase were lower as age increased. These enzymes were also significantly lower in diabetic cataracts (9.13 and 16.42 units/ml) as compared to senile cataracts (25.30 and 57.27units/ml). Oxidative stress is one of the major factors contributing to cataract formation. In diabetics where there is increased oxidative stress, the serum levels of the major anti-oxidant enzymes decrease, which lead to early cataract formation. It may be concluded that oxidative stress is an important factor in the development of diabetic cataracts and anti-oxidants may have a role in decreasing the incidence of cataract.     

阿魏酸钠对糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化酶的影响

目的：探讨阿魏酸钠（SF）对糖尿病大鼠肾脏抗氧化酶的影响。方法：对链脲佐菌素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病肾病大鼠灌胃给予SF110mg/kg/d，治疗8周，测定各组大鼠肾重/体重、血尿素氮(BUN)、血、尿肌酐、肌酐清除率(Ccr)、24h尿蛋白定量、血清果糖胺(FMN)、血清及肾脏超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、丙二醛（MDA）等。结果：糖尿病对照组大鼠肾重/体重、BUN、血肌酐（Scr）、Ccr、24h尿蛋白定量、血清FMN显著高于正常对照组，治疗组肾重/体重、BUN、Ccr、24h尿蛋白定量、血清FMN显著低于糖尿病组。糖尿病对照组大鼠肾脏和血清SOD、CAT活性显著低于正常对照组，MDA显著高于正常对照组，经SF治疗的糖尿病大鼠肾脏和血清SOD、CAT活性显著高于糖尿病对照组，MDA显著降低。结论：SF通过保护肾脏抗氧化酶，减轻氧化应激对糖尿病大鼠肾脏产生保护作用。     

普伐他汀对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激的抑制作用

目的:探讨普伐他汀(pravastatin)对糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激反应的影响及其机制.方法:将SD 大鼠随机分为正常对照组(CN)、糖尿病对照组(DM)、普伐他汀治疗组(DM P)、褪黑素治疗组(DM M),每组7只.使用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导制备糖尿病大鼠模型.治疗组分别予普伐他汀和对照药物褪黑素(Mel)治疗,8周后检测大鼠血及肾组织中各项生化指标及各项抗氧化指标.结果:成功建立大鼠糖尿病模型.与DM组比较,Mel治疗可使24 h尿蛋白量显著降低(P<0.05),DM P组尿蛋白排泄量降低更为明显(P<0.01); 与DM组比较,DM P组肾重/体质量比值有所下降(P<0.05).与DM、DM M相比,普伐他汀处理对糖尿病大鼠血浆MDA含量、红细胞SOD活性变化无明显影响,但可使全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性在8周时明显升高(P<0.01).普伐他汀和Mel处理均可使糖尿病大鼠肾脏SOD活性、GSH-Px活性明显升高(P<0.05),普伐他汀还可使肾脏MDA含量显著下降(P<0.01).结论:普伐他汀能明显改善糖尿病大鼠的肾功能,这可能与其抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激反应有关.     

高糖对内皮祖细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及与氧化应激的关系

目的:探讨高糖对内皮祖细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及与氧化应激的关系.方法:分离培养、鉴定SD大鼠骨髓内皮祖细胞,分为正常组和高糖组(30 mmol/L),MTT法检测增殖能力,Annexin-V/PI双染法检测凋亡率,荧光分光光度计检测活性氧的含量,酶标仪检测超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性.结果:与正常组相比,高糖组内皮祖细胞增殖能力降低,凋亡率增加,活性氧含量升高,超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性降低(P＜0.05).结论:高糖可抑制内皮祖细胞的增殖能力,促进其凋亡,其机制可能与高糖抑制内皮祖细胞中超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性,诱导活性氧生成增加有关.     

Protective effect of Tetracera scandens L.leaf extract against CCl_4-induced acute liver injury in rats

Objective:To investigate the protective potential of ethanolic extracts of Tetracera scandens L.(T.scandens) against CCl_4 induced oxidative stress in liver tissues.Methods:Dried leaf powder of T.scandens was extracted with ethanol and concentrated to yield a dry residue.Rats were administered with 100 mg/kg of ethanolic extracts orally once daily for one week.Animals were subsequently administered with a single dose of CCl_4(I mL/kg body weight,intraperitoneal injection).Various assays,such as serum levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,lipid peroxidation,protein oxidation(carbonyl protein group),tumor necrosis factor alpha,catalase,superoxide dismutase,and glutathione peroxidase,were used to assess damage caused by CCl_4 and the protective effects of the ethanol extract on liver tissues.Results:Hepatotoxicity induced by CCl_4 was evidenced by a significant increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase level,lipid peroxidation,protein carbonyl group,and tumor necrosis factor alpha,as well as decreased activity of the hepatic antioxidant enzymes(catalase.superoxide dismutase.and glutathione peroxidase).Treatment with ethanolic T.scandens extracts prevented all of these typically observed changes in CCl_4-treated rats.Conclusions:Our findings indicate that T.scandens has a significant protective effect against CCl_4 induced hepatotoxicity in rat.which may be due to its antioxidant properties.     

翻白草对2型糖尿病肝脏大鼠氧化应激的实验性研究

目的：探讨翻白草对2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏氧化应激的影响。方法：以高热量饲料加链脲佐菌素建立的2型糖尿病大鼠模型为研究对象，测定了肝组织丙二醛含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶以及过氧化氢酶活性的变化来研究不同剂量翻白草水煎剂对上述各指标的影响。结果：成功诱导大鼠2型糖尿病模型，与对照组相比，2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏丙二醛含量明显升高（P〈0.01），谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶以及过氧化氢酶活性显著降低（P〈0.01）；与2型糖尿病组相比，翻白草治疗组大鼠以上各项指标均有所改善。结论：翻白草能够抑制2型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激，改善2型糖尿病大鼠肝脏的能量代谢障碍，对2型糖尿病引起的氧化损伤有保护作用。     

罗格列酮对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎大鼠脂质过氧化的影响

目的探讨罗格列酮对非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（nonalcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH）大鼠脂质过氧化的影响。方法 30只雄性SD大鼠均分为正常组、模型组和罗格列酮预防组,每组各10只。模型组和罗格列酮预防组高脂喂养12周制备NASH模型,罗格列酮预防组同时每天予4mg/kg罗格列酮灌胃。第12周末处死动物,并收集血清和肝组织,检测糖代谢、脂代谢、肝功能和脂质过氧化指标变化。结果与正常组相比,模型组空腹血糖、血清胰岛素、胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IRI）升高,血清和肝匀浆脂代谢紊乱,ALT、AST和γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT）明显升高。与模型组相比,罗格列酮预防组糖脂代谢、ALT、AST等指标明显下降（P〈0.01）。模型组血清和肝匀浆总抗氧化能力（total anti-oxidation competence,T-AOC）、超氧化物歧化酶（T-SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）较正常组变化明显,而罗格列酮预防组可显著改善上述脂质过氧化指标（P〈0.05）。结论罗格列酮可全面、有效地减轻NASH大鼠脂质过氧化紊乱,改善胰岛素抵抗。     

Restorative Effects of Zinc and Selenium on Cadmium—induced Kidney Oxidative Damage in Rats

To investigate whether cadmium-induced oxidative stress in the kidney is influenced by zinc and selenium. Methods Five groups of rats were maintained: (A) Cd (CdCl2,400 μg@kg-1 day-1 intraperitoneal injection); (B) Cd+Zn (ZnC12, 20mg kg-1.day-1 hypodermic injection); (C) Cd+Se (Na2SeO3, 350 μg.kg-1.day-1 via a stomach tube); (D) Cd+Zn+Se; (E)treated with physiological saline as a sham-handled control. The rats were given treatmenl for a period of 4 weeks. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GH-Px), catalase (CAT), and the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney tissue were measured to assess the oxidative stress. Urinary lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was used as an indicator of tubular cell damage caused by lipid peroxidation. Results In group C and D, activities of SOD (110.5 ± 5.2, 126.8 ± 7.0; P ＜ 0.05) and GSH-Px (85.7 ± 4.9,94.6 ± 7.3; P ＜ 0.05) were higher than those in group A(84.7 ± 3.3; 56.9 ± 3.8); and in group B, only the activity of GSH-Px (80.0 + 4.3, P ＜ 0.01) increased in comparison with that in group A (56.9 ± 3.8). Significant increase of MDA (P ＜ 0.05) was seen in group B (31.1 ± 4.7) and C (35.0 + 4.1) when compared with control values (17.2 ± 1.8). No difference was found in the level of MDA between group D (18.9 ± 2.6) and control. The activity of LDH in urine of control group (0.06 ± 0.02) was lower than that of group A (0.46 ± 0.19, P＜0.05), B (0.10± 0.05, P＜0.05) and C (0.14 ± 0.07, P＜0.05), and there was no significant change between control (0.06 + 0.02) and group D (0.08 ± 0.02). Conclusion Zinc or selenium could partially alleviate the oxidative stress induced by cadmium in kidney, but administration cadmium in combination with zinc and selenium efficiently protects kidney from cadmiuminduced oxidative damage.