电针调控大鼠胃酸分泌的机制

目的　探讨电针足三里穴对大鼠胃酸分泌的调控机制 .方法　 75只 SD大鼠随机分为 5组 ,在清醒状态下针刺双侧足三里穴 ,以空白对照、非经非穴作对照 ,三阴交穴作经穴对照 .同步测定胃液量、p H值及胃液酸度 ,放免法测定血浆、胃液、胃粘膜胃泌素 (Gas)和表皮生长因子 (EGF)含量 ,透射电镜观察胃粘膜腺细胞超微结构 .结果　电针刺激足三里穴后大鼠空腹胃液量明显减少 [(0 .30± 0 .11) vs(0 .6 3± 0 .12 )m L,P<0 .0 1],胃液酸度明显降低 [(30± 3) vs(4 1± 1)mmol· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ],胃液 p H升高 .胃粘膜 Gas含量增多[(136± 17) vs(73± 4) ng· L- 1 ,P<0 .0 1],血浆 Gas含量下降 [(84± 2 2 ) vs (10 8± 30 ) ng· g- 1 ,P<0 .0 1],胃液 Gas无变化 ;胃液及胃粘膜 EGF含量显著升高 [(3.2± 1.1) vs(1.8± 0 .4) μg· L- 1和 (5 .1± 0 .8) vs(2 .4± 0 .4) μg· g- 1 ,P<0 .0 1],血浆 EGF无变化 .胃壁细胞泌酸小管不扩张 ,小管泡充盈不足 ,且数量不减少 ,非经非穴组及空白对照组各项指标无显著变化 .结论　电针足三里穴抑制大鼠胃 G细胞Gas释放 ,降低血浆 Gas,增加胃粘膜、胃液 EGF含量 ;电针足三里可改变胃壁细胞超微结构 ,抑制胃壁细胞泌酸小管功能、降低胃酸分泌     

牛血红蛋白延长兔离体心脏的保存时间

目的　提高心肌保护效果 ,延长供心的保存时限 .方法　将 2 4只大白兔分为两组 ,每组 12只 ,在 St Thomas 液中加入无机质游离牛血红蛋白 ( SFBHB)作为载氧体 ,常温灌注离体兔心 6 h作为实验组 ,用单纯 St Thomas 液低温保存离体兔心作为对照组 .结果　左室发展压 [L VDP,( 13.77±1.36 ) k Pa vs( 7.2 2± 1.13) k Pa,P<0 .0 1],冠状动脉流量恢复率 [CFR,( 92 .8± 5 .16 ) % vs( 5 9.0 7± 9.5 9) % ,P<0 .0 1]均显著高于对照组 ;心肌组织 ATP含量在保存 4h后两组即有明显差异 [( 30 .1± 2 .6 ) μmol.g- 1 vs( 2 7.2± 3.7) μmol.g- 1 ,P<0 .0 5 ],复跳 30 min后 ,实验组较对照组心肌组织的ATP含量明显升高 [( 2 9.9± 3.6 ) μmol.g- 1 vs( 10 .9± 4.4)μmol.g- 1 ,P<0 .0 1];同时 ,试验组心肌氧摄取量明显高于对照组 [( 5 37.3± 12 4.0 ) nmol.s- 1 .g- 1 vs( 90 .5± 39.5 ) nmol.s- 1 .g- 1 ,P<0 .0 1],心肌组织内的丙二醛 [MDA,( 6 .2 4± 2 .10 ) μmol.g- 1 vs( 18.6 0± 5 .6 3) μm ol.g- 1 ,P<0 .0 1]含量及冠状静脉引流液中肌酸磷酸激酶 [CPK,( 1.1± 0 .1) nkat.s- 1.g- 1 vs( 3.6± 0 .5 ) nkat.s- 1 .g- 1 ,P<0 .0 1],乳酸脱氢酶[L DH,( 2 30 .4± 6 0 .9) nkat.15 min- 1 .g- 1 v     

胰岛素与高血压关系的实验研究

目的 :探讨胰岛素与高血压的内在联系。方法 :选用自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)和 WKY大鼠各 2 0只 ,分为 2组 :1胰岛素注射组 :在大鼠皮下连续注射胰岛素 60 d;2对照组 :在大鼠皮下连续注射等量生理盐水。实验前后分别测定每鼠的体重、收缩压 (SBP)、脉搏 (P)、空腹血糖 (FBS)、血清胰岛素 (FINS) ,并计算胰岛素敏感性指数(ISI)。结果 :1实验前两组 SHR和两组 WKY之间的体重、P、SBP、FBS、FINS水平及 ISI差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;与 WKY相比 ,SHR的 ISI较低 (- 3.397± 0 .191vs- 3.0 85± 0 .132 ,P<0 .0 1) ,而 FINS[(6.89± 0 .99vs5 .78± 0 .91) m U/L,P<0 .0 5 ]、SBP[(165 .5± 5 .8vs10 8.2± 4 .7) mm Hg,P<0 .0 1]和 P[(4 0 5 .8± 19.6vs336.6±9.6)次 /min,P<0 .0 1]均较高。 2实验后两个对照组之间及两个胰岛素注射组之间上述各指标间的比较结果均与实验前相似。与对照组相比注射胰岛素 SHR的 ISI降低 (- 4 .119± 0 .2 60 vs- 3.60 4± 0 .174 ,P<0 .0 1) ,而 FINS[(2 8.37± 3.86vs7.32± 0 .87) m U/L,P<0 .0 1]、SBP[(2 10 .0± 8.5 vs184 .3± 8.0 ) mm Hg,P<0 .0 1]及 P[(4 5 2 .2± 13.9vs4 0 6.0± 2 2 .7)次 /min,P<0 .0 1]均明显升高。与对照组相比注射胰岛素后 WKY的 ISI降低(-     

两类心绞痛患者胰岛素抵抗和纤溶酶原激活抑制物-1的比较

目的　两种不同类型心绞痛胰岛素抵抗和纤溶功能的比较 .方法　狭窄性心绞痛 (AP)组 2 7例 ;微血管性心绞痛(MV)组 17例 ;对照组 13例 .分别测量患者身高 ,体质量和血压 .冠状动脉造影前 ,空腹 12 h抽取静脉血 ,测定血脂 ,空腹血糖 ,胰岛素 (Ins) ,C-肽 (C- P)和纤溶酶原激活抑制物 - 1(PAI- 1) .结果　 AP和 MV组血清 Ins分别为 (2 3± 8)m IU· L- 1 和 (2 5± 6 ) m IU· L- 1 ,均明显高于对照组 (15± 5 )m IU· L- 1 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;C- P分别为 (2 .7± 0 .9) μg· L- 1和 (3.1± 0 .8)μg· L - 1 均明显高于对照组 (2 .0± 0 .9)μg· L- 1 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,AP和 MV组胰岛素敏感性指数 (Ins I)均明显低于对照组 0 .0 1± 0 .0 1vs 0 .0 2± 0 .0 1(P<0 .0 5 ) ,以上各指标在AP和 MV组间没有差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) .AP组血浆 PAI- 1为(3.2± 0 .9) AU· m L- 1 ,明显高于 MV组 (2 .5± 0 .6 ) AU·m L- 1和对照组 (2 .5± 0 .4) AU·m L- 1 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,MV组和对照组间没有差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) . AP患者血浆 PAI- 1分别与血清Ins(r=0 .484,P<0 .0 5 )和 C- P(r=0 .5 2 1,P<0 .0 5 )正相关 .AP和 MV组 TG,TC明显高于对照组 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,此两组间没有差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) .结论　 AP和 MV患者都存在胰岛素抵抗 ,     

猪去细胞主动脉瓣组织学及生物力学特征

目的　观察猪主动脉瓣叶去细胞后的组织学和理化性能变化 ,探讨其作为未来“杂种”瓣膜支架的可能性 .方法　新鲜采集的猪主动脉瓣叶经表面活性剂、核酸酶、渗透压变化作用 ,去除瓣叶组织的细胞成分 ,在光镜、电镜下观察组织学变化 ,测定瓣叶组织的含水量、可溶性蛋白含量、热皱缩温度、瓣叶厚度、描计了应力应变曲线 .结果　成功地去除了猪主动脉瓣组织中的细胞成分 ;瓣叶去细胞后组织含水量明显增高 [φ( 94.6± 0 .3) % vs ( 91.2± 2 .0 ) % ,P<0 .0 1],可溶性蛋白含量明显降低 [ω( 0 .0 41± 0 .0 0 8) % vs( 0 .0 5 6±0 .0 0 6 ) % ,P<0 .0 5 ];热皱缩温度 [( 72 .0± 0 .7)℃ vs( 71.2±0 .8)℃ ,P>0 .0 5 ],瓣叶厚度 [( 0 .8± 0 .3) m m vs ( 0 .7± 0 .3)mm,P>0 .0 5 ],断裂强度 [( 6 46± 133) g.mm- 2 vs( 6 5 0±10 5 ) g.mm- 2 ,P>0 .0 5 ]和断裂伸长率 [( 5 7± 14) % vs( 6 5±18) % ,P>0 .0 5 ]均无明显差别 .结论　采用表面活性剂、核酸酶结合渗透压变化的方法 ,能够成功地去除猪主动脉瓣组织的细胞成分 ,且不影响组织的理化性能 ,有可能作为纤维支架 ,用于构建“杂种”生物瓣膜     

充血性心衰大鼠严格限钠后肾素-血管紧张素系统的变化

目的　观察充血性心衰大鼠严格限钠后循环与局部肾素 -血管紧张素系统 (RAS)的变化 .方法　将充血性心衰大鼠随机分为 3组 :心衰组、心衰限钠组、心衰补钠组 ,假手术大鼠为对照组 ,用放射免疫分析法和原位杂交技术分别测定各组血浆和心肌血管紧张素 (Ang ) ,醛固酮 (Ald)含量及心肌血管紧张素原 m RNA表达水平 .结果　心衰限钠组血浆 Ang ,Ald含量 [(2 2 5± 2 0 ) ng· L- 1 和 (4 76± 6 2 )μg·L- 1 ]及心肌 Ang 含量 [心房 (2 0 .1± 4.5 ) ng· g- 1 ,心室(2 7.3± 5 .9) ng· g- 1 ]显著高于心衰组 [(180± 2 9) ng· L- 1 ,(2 48± 5 8) μg· L- 1 及 (17.5± 3.6 ) ng· g- 1 ,(2 0 .1± 3.7)ng· g- 1 ](P<0 .0 5 ,P<0 .0 1) ,心室肌 Ang原 m RNA表达水平 (12 .6± 2 .3)也显著高于心衰组 (8.6± 1.7) (P<0 .0 5 ) ,血钠较心衰组下降 5 % (P<0 .0 5 ) ;心衰补钠组心肌血管紧张素原 m RNA表达水平与心衰组无显著差别 ,其余指标与对照组无显著差别 .结论　心衰后限钠进一步激活循环和局部RAS,加重钠水潴留     

胎儿期髁状突软骨的组织学特征与厚度的观测

目的 :研究不同时期胎儿下颌骨髁状突软骨的组织学特征与厚度。方法 :对 32例 13～ 33周 (A组 13～2 2周 ,B组 2 3～ 33周 )胎儿髁状突软骨采用组织学和计量形态学观测。结果 :胎儿髁状突软骨可分为关节层、增殖层、成软骨细胞层和肥大软骨细胞层 ,其细胞具有各自的形态。各层的厚度A组关节层 [(94 .6 5± 15 .70 ) μm]和成软骨细胞层 [(6 9.4 7± 7.2 6 ) μm]明显较B组 [(12 5 .6 0± 14 .35 ) μm ,(99.33± 9.6 7) μm]薄 (P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1)。而A组增殖层 [(70 .82± 7.4 4 ) μm]和肥大软骨细胞层 [(6 75 .82± 4 7.2 7) μm]较B组该两层 [(5 9.87± 9.74 ) μm ,(5 2 8.13±4 5 .5 6 ) μm]厚 (P <0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1)。结论 :13周以后胎儿髁状突软骨组织已具有分层改变 ,不同时期各层厚度不同     

芪丹通脉片对大鼠心肌线粒体损伤的保护作用

目的 :探讨芪丹通脉片 (QDTMT)对异丙肾上腺素(Iso)所致急性心肌缺血的防治作用 .方法 :给大鼠灌服QDTMT(2g·kg-1) 2wk ,皮下注射异丙肾上腺素 (Iso ,5mg·kg-1) ,诱导急性心肌缺血模型 ,测定心肌线粒体 (Mit)中丙二醛 (MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GXH PX)及琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDH) .结果 :模型组线粒体中MDA含量增加 ,QDTMT组线粒体MDA含量显著低于模型组 [(8.9± 0 .6 )vs (5 .5± 0 .6 ) μmol·g-1,P <0 .0 1];线粒体中模型组SOD活性降低 ,QDTMT组SOD活性升高 ,两者相比较有显著性差异 [(6 73.2± 2 5 .2 )vs (5 36 .2± 2 0 .3)kNU·g-1,P <0 .0 1].QDTMT组GSH PX活力显著高于模型组 [(5 5 .3± 6 .0)vs (4 0 .7± 7.1)kNU·g-1,P <0 .0 1].QDTMT组线粒体中SDH活性明显升高 [(0 .0 7± 0 .0 1)vs (0 .0 5± 0 .0 1)kat·g-1,P <0 .0 1].结论 :QDTMT可通过降低心肌线粒体中MDA含量 ,增加SOD ,GSH PX及SDH活力 ,减轻氧自由基对心肌线粒体的损伤 .     

果糖治疗不稳定性心绞痛的临床疗效

目的　观察果糖治疗不稳定性心绞痛的疗效 .方法　 138例患者随机分为果糖组 (70例 )和对照组 (6 8例 ) ,观察心绞痛发作次数 ,12导联心电图变化和心脏事件发生次数(心肌梗死、猝死、严重的心律失常 ) .结果　心绞痛发作次数 :果糖组和对照组明显低于治疗前 (P<0 .0 1) ,治疗后果糖组也明显低于对照组 [(0 .6 8± 0 .5 7)次· d- 1 vs(1.0 4± 0 .81)次· d- 1 ,P<0 .0 1];12导联心电图改善的比较 :果糖组 (4 9/70例 )明显优于对照组 (36 / 6 8例 ,P<0 .0 5 ) ;心脏事件发生上 ,果糖组明显低于对照组 (8/ 70例比 17/ 6 8例 ,P <0 .0 5 ) .结论　果糖治疗不稳定性心绞痛有明显的临床疗效     

曲美他嗪对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 :探讨曲美他嗪对家兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 :家兔 4 0只 ,随机分为正常对照组、缺血对照组、缺血药物干预组、再灌注对照组、再灌注药物干预组。观察缺血 30 min和再灌注 30 min对血清肌酸磷酸激酶 (CPK)、丙二醛 (MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的影响 ,心肌三磷酸腺苷 (ATP)含量 ,以及心肌电镜学改变。结果 :1缺血药物干预组与缺血对照组比较 ,除血清 MDA差异有显著性外 [(4 .0 9± 0 .4 0 vs4 .79± 0 .92 ) nmol/ ml,P<0 .0 1],血清 CPK[(132 2± 114 8vs14 98± 190 ) NU/ ml]、SOD[(32 4± 71vs2 88± 5 4) NU/ ml]差异均无显著性(P>0 .0 5 )。 2再灌注药物干预组与再灌注对照组比较 ,血清 CPK[(15 12± 2 2 6 vs190 4± 2 0 3) NU/ ml]、MDA[(6 .0 9± 0 .6 9vs7.4 3± 0 .2 0 ) nmol/ ml]、SOD[(2 13± 71vs119± 5 5 ) NU/ ml],及缺血区心肌 ATP含量 [(1.4 0 1± 0 .2 4 8vs0 .6 2 9± 0 .175 ) μmol/ g]差异均有显著性 (P<0 .0 0 1～ 0 .0 1)。 3电镜显示 :各药物干预组线粒体结构改变分别较各对照组减轻。结论 :曲美他嗪具有改善缺血再灌注损伤心肌线粒体的代谢和清除氧自由基的功能。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.