The role of sexual related Y gene detection in the diagnosis of patients with gonadal dysgenesis

Objective To clarify the role of sexual related Y (SRY) gene detection in the diagnosis of gonadal dysgenesis.Methods Sixteen cases of gonadal dysgenesis were included in this study: 5 with androgen insensitivity syndrome, 1 with 17-α-hydroxylase deficiency, 4 with true herm aphrodite, 2 with 45,X/46,XY gonadal dysgenesis, 1 with 45,X gonadal dysgenesis, 1 with XY pure gonadal dysgenesis, 1 with testicular regression, and 1 XY fema le who gave birth to a normal baby. SRY gene was detected by using polymerase c hain reaction (PCR) in blood and gonad samples and by direct sequencing of the S RY motif. Results Among the 16 cases, 15 were blood SRY positive, among which 13 (86.7%) showed t he presence of testicular tissue, and 2 showed ovaries without testicular tissue . One SRY negative case showed the presence of testicular tissue. In 3 cases, SRY detection in gonadal tissue correlated with pathological findings but not wi th blood karyotype. The correlation between peripheral blood SRY and the pathol ogy of the gonads was 81.25% and the correlation between the presence of periph eral blood Y chromosome and pathology of the gonads was 68.75%. Sequencing of the SRY motif in an XY female who gave birth to a normal baby showed no mutatio n.Conclusions SRY detection is more sensitive and specific than blood karyotype in the predic tion of the presence of testicular tissue. Peripheral blood karyotype does not necessarily reflect gonadal type. There may be testicular related factors other than the SRY gene.     

Analysis of hypermutation of the 5’ noncoding region in the BC L-6 gene

Objective To investigate BCL-6 gene mutations in Chinese populations with B-cell non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma.Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and direct DNA sequencing were used to identify mutations in the 5’ noncoding re gion of the BCL-6 gene in a total of 40 cases of diffuse large-cell lymphoma ( DLCL) and follicular lymphoma (FL).Results Nine cases were found to have base substitutions.The incidence of BCL-6 gene mutation and the frequency of single-base changes were approximately 25.7% an d (0.56-1.10)×10(-2)/bp, respectively.Conclusions The 5’ regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene undergoes frequent somatic hypermuta tion during lymphomagenesis and the identification of BCL-6 gene hypermutations provides a molecular marker for confirmatory diagnosis of B-NHL.     

甲型流感病毒H9N2亚型毒株血凝素基因特性的研究

目的　了解人甲型流感病毒H9N2亚型毒株的来源及从分子生物学角度来弄清不同宿主来源的H9N2亚型毒株间相互关系。方法　病毒在鸡胚中传代 ,从收获的尿囊液中提取病毒粒RNA ,通过逆转录合成cDNA。cDNA通过PCR进行扩增 ,接着PCR产物用纯化试剂盒进行纯化。而后 ,RNA序列测定是采用双脱氧链末端终止和克隆法。最后用MegAlign( 1.0 3版 )和Editseq( 3.69版 )软件进行种系发生学分析。结果　从中国所分离出的H9N2亚型毒株。它们的HA1与HA2间裂解部位的氨基酸序列均为R S S R ,除一株鸽病毒其HA蛋白分子上仅含 7个潜在的糖基化位点外 ,而其余的均含 8个。 6株H9N2毒株HA蛋白分子上氨基酸序列有 2 - 16个不同 ,这些不同分布在 2 4个不同的位点上。近来在中国同时流行着多种HA基因系的H9N2亚型毒株。结论　人甲型流感病毒H9N2亚型毒株可能性最大来自鸡的H9N2毒株 ,而不是来源于鸽的H9N2毒株。但 ,H9N2毒株是否具有人传人能力 ,至今仍不清楚。在中国同时流行着多种HA基因系的H9N2毒株。     

脓毒症和脓毒性休克大鼠一些脏器内皮素-1和内皮素A受体基因表达的变化

目的 :探讨实验动物脓毒症和脓毒性休克时内皮素 - 1(endothelin- 1,ET- 1)和内皮素 A受体 (ETAR)基因在肺、肾和小肠粘膜中的表达情况以及各脏器功能受损情况。方法 :2 4只雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、对照组、脓毒症组和脓毒性休克组 ;通过持续静脉泵注大肠杆菌内毒素 (L PS)复制大鼠脓毒症和脓毒性休克模型 ;运用反转录 -聚合酶链反应 (RT- PCR)以葡萄糖- 6 -磷酸脱氢酶 (G- 6 - PD)基因为内参照基因 ,分别检测脓毒症和脓毒性休克组肺、肾脏和小肠粘膜组织 ET- 1和 ETAR基因表达情况 ,同时检测其血清丙氨酸转氨酶 (AL T)、白蛋白 (A )、尿素氮 (BU N)、肌酐 (Cr)和动脉血气的变化。结果 :脓毒症和脓毒性休克组大鼠脏器组织 ET- 1和 ETAR基因表达产物较正常组和对照组均明显增加 (P <0 .0 1) ;脓毒性休克组大鼠血清AL T、BUN和 Cr较正常组、对照组和脓毒症组均显著上升 (P<0 .0 1) ,脓毒症组上述指标也较正常组明显上升 (P<0 .0 1) ;脓毒症组和脓毒性休克组早期动脉血气分析为低氧和呼吸性碱中毒 ,脓毒性休克组后期出现明显的低氧血症和 CO2 潴留。 结论 :ET- 1和 ETAR参与了脓毒症和脓毒性休克的病理生理过程 ,且很可能是参与脓毒症和脓毒性休克并发多脏器功能障碍综合征 (MODS)启动的因子之一。     

钙调蛋白基因缺陷HIS3酵母菌株的构建和鉴定

目的：构建白念珠菌钙调蛋白基因（CMD1）缺陷HS3酵母菌体,为进一步探讨钙调蛋白基因突变对真菌生长周期及致病性的影响奠定基础。方法：首先将含cmd1::TRP1置换序列的质粒I转化二倍体酵母菌株YPH501(his3trplural）,经Soutthern印迹法筛选出含TRP1序列的菌株。其次,将含CMD1序列的质粒Ⅱ转化以上TRP1阳性菌株,进行减数分裂后选择得到TRP1阳性酵母菌株单倍体。最后,将含trp1:HIS3置换序列质粒Ⅲ转化上述TRP1阳性单倍体菌株,用不含His培养基培养得到钙调蛋白基因缺陷HIS3酵母菌株。结果：经Southern印迹法证实cmd1：TRP1基因置换克隆;减数分裂后选择得到了TRP1阳性酵母菌株单倍体;质粒Ⅲ转化单倍体后经不含His培养基培养得到CMD1缺陷HIS3菌株,接种于不含Trp倍养基上未见有菌落生长,说明质粒Ⅲ转化单倍体后已将his3TRP1转换成HIS3trp1。结论：成功构建了钙调蛋白基因缺陷HIS3酵母菌株,基因型为cmd1trp1HIS3。     

血管生成抑素endostatin的表达、纯化及活性研究

目的：将从人胎肝组织克隆的血管生成抑素endostatin基因进行原核表达、纯化,检测重组endostatin的生物学活性。方法：利用原核表达载体pBV220在大肠杆菌DH5α中表达endostatin,利用肝素Sepharose亲和层析及SephacrylS-200分子筛纯化;通过体外内皮细胞（ECV304）增殖实验及体内鸡胚尿囊膜（CAM）新生血管实验检测其抑制活性。结果：Endo-statin在DH5α中的表达率为28.5%,纯化后纯度可达90.5%.En dostatin可明显抑制体外培养的内皮细胞增殖.IC50为72ug/ml;20时使细胞于48h发生明显凋亡;200ug/ml的endostatin可使CAM新生血管化率下降30%.结论:研究结果表明endostatin对内皮细胞具有明显抑制作用.提示其在肿瘤及新生血管性疾病的治疗中有潜在的应用前景。     

血液透析患者中TT病毒感染的检测及序列分析

目的：研究血液透析患中TT病毒（TTV）的感染状况及其致病性。方法：针对病毒基因保守区设计引物,采用套式PCR方法对69例血液透析患血清标本进行TTVDFNA检测及序列分析。并同时检测患血清丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）及丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗-HCV）。结果：患血清TTVDNA总阳性率为27.5%。对其中1例PCR扩增产物测序。结果与其他TVV分离株如GH1、TA278、TTVCHN1和TTVCHN2的核苷酸序列同源性为89%-100%,推测的氨基酸序列同源性为87%-100%。抗-HCV阳性与阴性患的TTV DNA阳性率无明显差异。所有患均未见ALT明显升高。结论：血液透析患存在较严重的TTV感染与HCV感染无明显相关性。未发现TTV感染导致ALT明显升高的证据。     

A histomorphometric and molecular study on stress adaptability of freeze-dried bone allograft

Objective To Investigate stress adaptability of freeze-dried bone allograft.Methods Cortical and cancellous allograft were transplanted to each side of the midshaft diaphyseal ulna in two groups of 28 animals. The left transplanted allograft w as free from fixation and bore a normal physiological load, while the right tran splanted allograft was protected from loading by a simple external fixator and b ore less load. Animals were sacrificed at the 2nd, 4th, 8th, 16th week after tr ansplantation and specimens were taken out for bone histomorphometry studies an d analysis of collagen gene expression by in situ cDNA-mRNA hybridization.Results Labeled surface(LS) and bone mineral apposition rate(MAR) of the normally loaded graft-host bone interface were significantly higher than that of the less load ed side at the 4th,8th,16th week after transplantation. Parameters reflecting t he internal repair process of the allograft, such as LS in cortical and cancello us bone or MAR in cortical bone of the normally loaded side were significantly h igher than those of the less loaded side at the 16th week after transplantation . The result of in situ hybridization indicated that more osteoblast-like cell s expressing the type Ⅰ collagen gene were found in the interface or interior o f normally loaded grafts. Conclusion The stimulus of physiologic load can accelerate the early union of allograft-ho st bone interface and later new bone creep substitution to the necrotic allograft.     

肺癌组织3号染色体短臂上抑癌基因异常改变的初步分析

目的 探讨3号染色体短臂上的抑制基因Fhit,hMLH1及VHL在肺癌发展中的可能作用。方法 选取上述基因内含子或附近的微卫星多态位点对45例肺癌组织进行杂合性缺失（LOH）分析,并对其中17例进行了Fhit蛋白的免疫组化染色。结果 Fhit基因内含子3个位点D3S1234、D3S1300及D3S4103的杂合率分别为77．8％（35／45）、73．3％（33／45）和82．2％（37／45）,LOH阳性率分别为62．9％（22／35）、63．6％（21／33）和59．5％（22／37）。与hMLH1基因连锁的两个位点D3S1561、D3S1612杂合率分别为48．9％（22／45）、42．2％（19／45）,LOH阳性率分别为54．5％（12／22）和63．2％（12／19）。与VHL基因连锁的两个位点D3S1038、D3S1283的杂合率分别为62．2％（28／45）和80．0％（36／45）,LOH阳性率分别为64．3％（18／28）和41．7％（15／36）。17例肺癌组织有64．7％（11／17）Fhit蛋白表达缺失。在Fhit蛋白缺失的11个病例中,有10例存在一个或多个Fhit基因位点的LOH。结论 上述3个抑癌基因存在的高频率LOH可为肺癌的早期诊断提供新的途径和依据。Fhit基因的杂合性缺失可能是Fhit蛋白表达下调的机理之一。     

hB7-1重组腺病毒感染的肿瘤细胞的生物学特性

目的 在完成hB7-1 cDNA克隆并成功构建包含hB7-1基因的重组腺病毒rAdexl-B7－1的基础上,对经rAdexl-B7－1感染的B16细胞的体外生物学特性进行了研究。方法 以FACS、电镜等方法观察病毒感染前后B16细胞的变化。结果 ①重组腺病毒经KEK293细胞扩增、CsCl纯化后滴度可达10^10ＰＦＵ／ml,且２０ＭＯＩ的病毒可使９５％以上的Ｂ１６细胞被感染。②细胞动力学研究显示,rAdexl-B7-1对Ｂ１６的生长及集落形成能力无影响。③ＦＡＣＳ结果表明,rAdexl-B7-1细胞的增殖周期无影响。④扫描电镜及透射电镜结果表明,经rAdexl-B7-1感染的Ｂ１６细胞在表面形态及超微结构上出现变化。结论 重组腺病毒rAdexl-B7-1对Ｂ１６细胞的生长动力学无影响,对形态学有轻微影响。