注射用利培酮微球治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性研究

目的 评估注射用利培酮微球(LAIR)对中国人群治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性.方法 采用前瞻性、开放、多中心研究方法,对251例符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的精神分裂症患者进行LAIR治疗,每2周注射1次,观察期为12周.分别在基线和治疗第4,6,8,12周末进行阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分、临床总体印象量表评分等,并记录治疗中的不良事件.结果 治疗4周后,PANSS评分均较治疗前持续下降(P<0.01);而病程≤2年患者的PANSS总分[(28.01±24.74)分]降低程度显著优于病程>2年者[(22.34±20.46)分];P<0.01.治疗第4周末,临床总体印象量表-严重程度(CGI-S)评分较基线显著降低(P<0.01).总体不良事件发生率为12.4%,多为轻、中度不良事件.结论 LAIR治疗精神分裂症安全、有效,对病程较短者疗效更好.     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的对照研究

目的 评价齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效和安全性.方法 选择90例精神分裂症患者随机分为齐拉西酮组(139.6±23.5)mg/d和利培酮组(5.8±0.6)mg/d,疗程为8周.采用阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)、临床总体印象量表(CGI- S)和不良反应症状量表(TESS),分别于入组时(基线)、治疗后第2、4、6、8周末分别评定疗效和不良反应.结果 两组PANSS总分、阳性症状分、一般病理分从第2周末起较治疗前下降(P＜0.05);两组PANSS阴性症状分在第4周末起较治疗前下降(P＜0.05);两组CGI-S总分第2周末开始各时点较治疗前下降(P＜0.05);齐拉西酮组临床总有效率为75％,利培酮组为78.4％,两组间疗效差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).齐拉西酮组、利培酮组不良反应发生率分别为26.6％(12/45)和51.1％(23/45),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);利培酮组体质量增加(1.1±1.3)kg,齐拉西酮组体质量减少(1.4±1.5)kg,在锥体外系有关的副反应、血细胞、肝功能、心电图异常及自主神经系统不良反应方面利培酮组明显高于齐拉西酮组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 齐拉西酮对精神分裂症的疗效等同于利培酮,而不良反应全面优于利培酮.     

阿立哌唑与利培酮治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性对照研究

目的 探讨阿立哌唑治疗急性精神分裂症的疗效及安全性.方法 人组首次发病或症状急性恶化的精神分裂症患者200例,随机分为阿立哌唑组和利培酮组各100例,观察时间为6周.于基线及治疗第1,2,4,6周末,采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效,采用治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表、血生化指标和心电图的改变评价治疗的安全性.最终纳入分析197例(阿立哌唑组98例,利培酮组99例).结果 (1)阿立哌唑组自治疗第1周末(除阴性症状分外)、利培酮组自治疗第4周末,PANSS阳性、阴性症状分、精神病理症状分和总分均明显下降(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).治疗第6周末,阿立哌唑组PANSS阳性症状分(12.5 ±6.3)分,阴性症状分(14.8±7.6)分,精神病理症状分(27.4±9.9)分,总分(54.7±21.3)分,与基线分[分别为(22.1±6.9)分,(21.8±8.6)分,(41.1±10.1)分,(85.1±18.6)分]的差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01),且疗效优于利培酮组(P＜0.01).(2)治疗第6周末,阿立哌唑组治愈35例(36%),显著好转31例(32%),好转14例(14%),症状无显著变化15例(15%),恶化3例(3%);治愈率为36%,显效率为67%;有效率为82%,高于利培酮组(74%).(3)6周的观察期中,未发现阿立哌唑导致的体质量明显增加及心电图明显改变.结论 阿立哌唑对急性精神分裂症有良好的疗效,而且起效较迅速,安全性较好.     

国产奎硫平治疗难治性精神分裂症的疗效观察

目的评价国产Ⅱ类新药富马酸奎硫平片对难治性精神分裂症的疗效与不良反应.方法对住院的难治性精神分裂症60例换用奎硫平治疗24周.用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定症状,用不良反应量表(TESS)及锥体外系不良反应量表(ESRS)评定不良反应.结果 PANSS总分、PANSS-G(一般精神病理)分、PANSS-P(阳性症状)分、PANSS-N(阴性症状)分在治疗前后有显著差异.PANSS总分及各量表均自12周末起显著下降,说明自12周末开始显效.PANSS总分减分率为20%或以上者36例,达50%或以上者10例,有效率为60%.显效率为16.67%.最常见的不良反应是体重增加(18/60).结论国产奎硫平对难治性精神分裂症有肯定的疗效,且不良反应轻微.     

帕利哌酮缓释片治疗非急性期精神分裂症疗效及安全性的开放性研究

目的 评价可变剂量帕利哌酮缓释片治疗既往口服抗精神病药缺乏疗效或无法耐受而需换药的非急性期精神分裂症患者的疗效及安全性.方法 本研究为非随机、单组、为期12周的多中心的开放性临床研究,共纳入405例患者.主要疗效指标为治疗第12周末阳性和阴性症状量表( PANSS)评分较基线的变化.次要疗效指标包括:临床总体印象-严重度量表(CGI-S)、个人和社会功能量表(PSP).安全性评价包括不良反应记录、锥体外系症状评定量表(ESRS)、实验室及生命体征监测等.结果 PANSS总分由基线的(70.1±19.3)分下降至治疗终点的(48.1±15.7)分(P＜0.01),CGI-S由基线的(4.1±1.2)分下降至治疗终点的(2.5±1.1)分(P＜0.01),PSP总分由基线的(58.6±14.9)分提高至治疗终点的(74.5±13.4)分(P＜0.01).发生率＞5％的不良反应有:锥体外系反应(39.0％)、失眠(6.5％)和过度镇静(5.5％),ESRS总分由基线的(13.0±2.1)分下降至治疗终点的(12.6±1.6)分(P＜0.01).平均体质量治疗终点较基线增加(0.2±3.5)kg (P ＜0.05).结论 换用可变剂量帕利哌酮缓释片对既往抗精神病药疗效不佳或耐受性不佳的非急性期精神分裂症患者疗效肯定,并具有较好安全性和耐受性.     

奥氮平与利培酮治疗难治性精神分裂症的对照研究

目的 比较奥氮平与利培酮对难治性精神分裂症的疗效及安全性.方法 68例难治性精神分裂症患者按照排列表法随机分为奥氮平组[34例,(24.1±5.4)mg/d]和利培酮组[34例,(7.9±1.8)mg/d],疗程均为12周.采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、临床总体印象量表(CGI)及治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表(TESS),在治疗前及治疗第1,2,4,8,12周末分别评定疗效和不良反应.结果 (1)奥氮平组PANSS总分、阳性症状分、阴性症状分及一般病理分均从治疗第2周末起较治疗前下降(P<0.05～0.01);利培酮组PANSS总分、阳性症状分、一般病理分从治疗第2周末起,阴性症状分从第4周末起,较治疗前下降(P<0.05～0.01);奥氮平组从治疗第2周末起各时点PANSS总分、阴性症状分均低于利培酮组(P<0.05～0.01).(2)治疗第2周末起,2组临床总体印象量表-严重程度和改善程度(CGI-SI)总分均较治疗前下降(P<0.05～0.01);2组间各时点CGI-SI分的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).(3)治疗第12周末,奥氮平组、利培酮组临床总有效率分别为65%、41%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(4)奥氮平组、利培酮组不良反应发生率分别为53%(18/34)和59%(20/34),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);奥氮平组体质量增加发生率高于利培酮组(P<0.05);利培酮组静坐不能、异常泌乳和(或)闭经、肌张力增高的发生率高于奥氮平组(P<0.05).结论 奥氮平对难治性精神分裂症有良好疗效,不良反应轻微.     

氟哌啶醇与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症疗效和安全性的随机对照研究

目的比较氟哌啶醇与奥氮平治疗精神分裂症的疗效及安全性。方法将符合精神分裂症诊断标准的住院患者按照1:2比例随机分为氟哌啶醇(n=120)和奥氮平治疗组(n=252),进行为期6周的治疗观察;于基线及治疗2、4、6周末评定阳性和阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrom scale,PANSS),锥体外系副反应量表(rating scale for extrapyramdal side effects,RSESE)、静坐不能评定量表(barnes akathisia rating scale,BARS)和异常不自主运动量表(abnormal involuntary movement scale,AIMS);计算体质量指数(body mass index,BMI);基线及治疗4、6周末测定空腹血糖、血脂和肝功能等指标。结果氟哌啶醇组与奥氮平组基线PANSS总分差异无统计学意义;第6周末氟哌啶醇组PANSS总分低于奥氮平组(53.31±1.64 vs.58.05±1.02),减分率高于后者(60.63±2.86%vs.52.45±1.80%),均P<0.05;两组有效率(66.7%vs.62.7%)差异无统计学意义。第6周末氟哌啶醇组BMI较基线的变化值(0.08±0.20 kg/m2vs.0.91±0.12 kg/m2)、谷丙转氨酶异常病例数比例(16.98%vs.28.07%)均低于奥氮平组(P<0.05);第4周末氟哌啶醇组甘油三酯较基线的变化值低于奥氮平组(0.24±0.12 mmol/L vs.0.57±0.07 mmol/L),P<0.05。氟哌啶醇组锥体外系不良反应发生率(73.3%)明显高于奥氮平组(10.71%),P<0.05。结论在精神分裂症急性期,氟哌啶醇治疗有效率与奥氮平相当,对体重、血脂、转氨酶的影响较小,但锥体外系不良反应发生率较高。     

利培酮合并赛来昔布治疗精神分裂症首次发病患者的随机双盲对照研究

目的 评估利培酮合并赛来昔布对精神分裂症首次发病(以下简称首发)患者的临床疗效及安全性.方法 符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4版诊断标准的精神分裂症首发住院患者90例,随机分到利培酮+赛来昔布组(研究组,46例)或利培酮+空白剂组(对照组,44例),观察时间均为12周.以阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、临床疗效总评量表(CGI)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定临床疗效,以治疗中需处理的不良反应量表(TESS)、Simpson锥体外系副反应量表(SEPS)、异常不自主运动评定量表(MMS)评定药物不良反应和锥体外系副反应.结果 两组患者治疗前后比较,PANSS总分及各分量表分均明显下降(P均<0.05);研究组PANSS总分、分量表分、HAMD评分较对照组的降低更为明显,差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05).研究组总有效率(66%)明显高于对照组(26%);X2=16.1,P=0.001.治疗第12周末,两组TESS、SEPS、MMS评分的差异均无统计学意义(P均>0.05);研究组患者体质量的增加(4±5)kg,明显高于对照组(1±4)kg,t=2.6,P<0.05.结论 赛来昔布可以提高利培酮对首发精神分裂症的疗效.     

丙戊酸钠改善精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的对照研究

目的 探讨丙戊酸钠改善精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍的疗效.方法 将80例精神分裂症患者随机分成研究组(40例)和对照组(40例),研究组患者使用新型抗精神病药合并丙戊酸钠系统治疗,对照组患者单用新型抗精神病药物系统治疗,共治疗8周.全部病例在治疗前后分别进行阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)、韦氏成人智力量表(WAIS-RC)、韦氏记忆量表(WMS)、威斯康星卡片分类测验(WCST)进行疗效评定,应用治疗中需处理的不良反应症状量表(TESS)评定不良反应.结果 与基线时比较,两组在治疗后第4、8周末PANSS总分及各因子分均有明显降低(P＜0.05),研究组治疗后第8周末PANSS总分及各因子分均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗后第8周末,两组WMS、WAIS-RC、WCST评分与基线时比较,除即刻记忆评分外其余各项评分差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组间比较,除即刻记忆评分外其余各项评分均有显著性差异(P ＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 丙戊酸钠对精神分裂症患者的认知功能障碍有明显改善效果.     

奥氮平换用齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症的安全性和有效性研究

目的 观察不能耐受奥氮平治疗或经奥氮平治疗无效的精神分裂症患者换用齐拉西酮治疗12周的安全性和有效性.方法 100例不能耐受奥氮平治疗或治疗无效、符合美国精神疾病诊断与统计手册第4版(DSM-IV)精神分裂症诊断标准、首次发作或非难治性复发精神分裂症患者,换用可变剂量的齐拉西酮治疗12周.分别于基线和治疗第2、4、8、12周末进行疗效评估,包括阳性和阴性综合征量表(PANSS)、卡尔加里抑郁量表(CDSS)、临床总体印象量表(CGI)、生活质量量表(SF-12).分别于基线和治疗第4、8周末进行安全性评估,包括锥体外系不良反应量表(SAS)、实验室检查和心电图检查.采用重复测量方差分析进行统计学分析.结果 86例患者完成实验.PANSS总分随观察时点变化有显著性降低(P ＜0.001),多项抑郁症状(CDSS评估)、临床总体印象(CGI评分)及社会功能(SF-12评估)随观察时点变化有显著改善(P ＜0.001).有完整的不良反应记录共61例,常见的锥体外系不良反应22例(36.07％),相对少见的不良反应10例(16.39％),包括激越2例(3.28％)、恶心1例(1.64％)、便秘1例(1.64％)、失眠1例(1.64％)、头晕1例(1.64％)、头痛1例(1.64％)、焦虑1例(1.64％)、口干1例(1.64％)、心动过速1例(1.64％).空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇和催乳素以及心电图QTc间期和心率随观察时点的变化无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 不能耐受奥氮平治疗或经奥氮平治疗无效的患者换用齐拉西酮治疗后,临床症状显著改善,不良反应较少,对代谢指标的影响小.     

Symptom control,functioning, and hospitalization status in French patients changed from oral atypical antipsychotics to risperidone long-acting injectable

Objective. To investigate efficacy and tolerability of risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) in French patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, who were all switching from previous treatment with oral atypical antipsychotics. The impact of treatment with RLAI on the hospitalization status of these patients was also examined. Methods. Clinically stable patients requiring a treatment change received 25 mg RLAI (increased to 37.5 or 50 mg if required) every 2 weeks for 6 months. Results. Of 130 patients (68.5% male, mean age 36.2 years), most (83.8%) had DSM-IV schizophrenia (mainly paranoid). Previous treatments were risperidone (80.8%), olanzapine (10.0%) and amisulpride (10.0%). Out of 66 patients hospitalized at baseline, 51 were outpatients at endpoint. Mean total PANSS, CGI-S and GAF scores were significantly reduced from baseline to treatment endpoint (p<0.001). Of those patients reported as moderate to severely ill at the beginning of the trial (81.3%), fewer had the same classification at endpoint (50.8%). Mean scores for total ESRS and Parkinsonism subscales were significantly reduced after only 1 month of treatment (p<0.001). Conclusion. Treatment with RLAI significantly improved disease symptoms, functioning, hospitalization status, and reduced movement disorders, in psychotic patients considered clinically stable on oral atypical antipsychotics.     

Symptom control,functioning and satisfaction among Swiss patients treated with risperidone long-acting injectable

Objective: To investigate antipsychotic efficacy and tolerability of risperidone long-acting injectable (RLAI) in Swiss patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic disorders, changed directly from their previous antipsychotic medication. Methods: Patients symptomatically stable for ≥1 month on their previous medication and considered to require a treatment change, received 25 mg RLAI (increased to 37.5 or 50 mg, if required) every 2 weeks for 6 months. Results: Of 60 patients enrolled (68.3% male, average age 40.4 years), most (81.7%) had DSM-IV schizophrenia (mainly paranoid). Previous treatments were with atypical antipsychotics (58.3% of patients), depot (38.3%) and conventional oral (13.3%) neuroleptics. Mean total PANSS scores were significantly reduced from baseline to treatment endpoint (76.1 vs. 64.4, P<0.001), as were all PANSS subscale and symptom factor scores. The CGI, GAF, and patient satisfaction with treatment were also significantly improved at endpoint (P<0.001). At endpoint, 37.0% of patients rated their satisfaction as “very good” compared with only 4.3% at baseline. Mean scores for total ESRS and Parkinsonism subscales were significantly reduced at endpoint (P<0.001). Conclusion: Treatment with RLAI significantly improved disease symptoms, functioning, patient satisfaction, and reduced movement disorders. It provides an important option for long-term treatment of patients with psychotic disorders.     

不同剂量利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症疗效及安全性的比较

目的　探讨利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的适宜剂量。方法　 12 6例首发精神分裂症患者随机分 4组 (每组 30例 ) ,分别以 2mg/d(2mg组 )、3mg/d(3mg组 )、4mg/d(4mg组 )、5mg/d(5mg组 )利培酮治疗 ,疗程均为 12周。于治疗前及治疗第 1,2 ,4 ,6 ,8,12周末分别进行阳性和阴性症状量表 (PANSS)、临床总体印象量表、治疗中需处理的不良反应量表、锥体外系不良反应量表评分 ,比较 4个组的疗效及不良反应。结果　治疗第 12周末 ,各组PANSS总分减分率在各组间的差异无显著性 ,2mg组阴性症状分低于其他 3组 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1)。显效率 :2mg组为 6 7% ,3mg组为87% ,4mg组为 77% ,5mg组为 77% ,各组间差异无显著性。不良反应以锥体外系反应 (EPS)占首位 ,EPS发生率 2mg组为 17% ,3mg组为 6 7% ,4mg组为 93% ,5mg组为 97% ;2 ,3mg组较 4mg、5mg组的EPS发生少且轻 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　不同剂量利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的总体疗效的差异无显著性 ,2mg/d对阴性症状群的疗效明显差于 3mg/d、4mg/d、5mg/d。 2mg/d、3mg/d的EPS发生明显少、轻于 4mg/d、5mg/d。利培酮治疗首发精神分裂症的适宜剂量为 3mg/d。     

可变剂量帕利哌酮缓释剂治疗急性期精神分裂症的疗效、耐受性及安全性

目的研究可变剂量的帕利哌酮缓释剂治疗急性期精神分裂症患者的有效性、耐受性与安全性。方法采用开放性、单组、多中心研究,使用可变剂量的帕利哌酮缓释剂（3～12mg/d）治疗急性期精神分裂症患者608例,观察期8周,通过阳性和阴性综合征量表（PANSS）评价有效性。通过体检、实验室检查、心电图检查及其他不良事件的报告评价安全性。结果治疗有效率（PANSS减分率≥30%）随治疗时间而增加,治疗8周末有效率为82.6%。研究终点PANSS总分与基线相比,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。终点平均剂量为（7.9±2.2）mg/d。治疗8周时40.11%患者的治疗剂量保持6mg/d的水平,4.44%患者的治疗剂量下调至3mg/d。常见的不良事件为锥体外系反应、便秘、肝功能异常、睡眠障碍、嗜睡、疲乏及恶心。结论可变剂量帕利哌酮缓释剂（3～12mg/d）治疗急性期精神分裂症有效,且耐受性、安全性良好。     

帕利哌酮缓释片治疗急性精神分裂症疗效及安全性的对照研究

Objective The study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of flexible doses of paliperidone extended-release tablets (paliperidone ER) (3 -12) mg/d comparing with olanzapine (5 -15)mg/d in acute hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Methods All 288 hospitalized patients with DSM-Ⅳ schizophrenia were randomized into paliperidone ER ( n = 143 ) or olanzapine ( n=145 ) treatment in a 6-week, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-group study. The primary efficacy measure was the total score changes of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Clinical Global Impression (CGI),response rate and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were adopted as secondary efficacy measures. Results Both paliperidone ER and olanzapine groups demonstrated a significant improvement in total PANSS score (P<0.001). The PANSS total score in paliperidone ER group was reduced (32.3 ± 17.1) at end point,and olanzapine group (34.1 ± 17.4). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P =0.369) after 6-week treatment. There were no statistical differences between two groups in CGI,response rate and VAS sleep quality assessments by the end of the treatment. The common adverse events were extrapyramidal symptoms, insomnia, constipation and prolactin increasing in paliperidone ER group,and somnolenee, EPS, abnormal liver function and abnormal lipid metabolism in olanzapine group.Conclusion Paliperidone ER and olanzapine are similarly effective in significantly improving the symptoms of inpatient with acute schizophrenia. Paliperidone ER demonstrates a favorable safety profile with fewer somnolence, abnormal liver function and abnormal lipid metabolism comparing with olanzapine.     

易肇事精神分裂症患者应用程式化技能训练的疗效研究

目的 探讨程式化技能训练对易肇事精神分裂症患者的疗效.方法 将102例易肇事精神分裂症患者随机分为训练组(51例)和对照组(51例).两组患者接受常规药物及康复治疗的同时,仅对训练组进行8周的程式化技能训练.训练结束后对两组均进行半年的随访,并采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)在入组时、训练结束时、随访第3,6个月时进行评估.结果 与入组时相比,训练组患者训练结束时的PANSS总分、阳性量表分、阴性量表分均显著降低(P＜0.05).训练结束后及随访期,训练组患者的PANSS部分项目评分显著低于对照组患者(P＜0.05).结论 程式化技能训练对易肇事精神分裂症患者的精神症状具有康复作用.     

Improvement in antipsychotic-related metabolic disturbances in patients with schizophrenia switched to ziprasidone

PURPOSE: This study evaluated changes in weight, glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic-related metabolic disturbances who were switched to ziprasidone. METHODS: Eighty-four outpatients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder also having glucose intolerance, diabetes, dyslipidemia or weight gain related to their antipsychotic treatment were switched to ziprasidone. Clinical status was assessed using the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) and Improvement (CGI-I) scales and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Assessment scales, weight, glucose and lipids were measured at baseline and at three and six months of ziprasidone treatment. RESULTS: Significant baseline to endpoint reductions were seen in mean weight (-5.1 kg), Body Mass Index (BMI; -1.6 kg/m(2)), serum glucose (-14.0 mg/dL), total cholesterol (-24.1 mg/dL), and triglyceride leves (-46.2 mg/dL). Mean PANSS total score improved 13.9% after 6 months of treatment with ziprasidone. A proportion (34.3%) of patients were classified as much improved in the CGI-I. CONCLUSIONS: Switching patients with schizophrenia to ziprasidone when metabolic disturbances are detected may improve these side effects and result in an improved overall outcome.     

Effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of risperidone in adolescents with schizophrenia: an open-label study

Data on risperidone's efficacy and tolerability in adolescents with schizophrenia are scarce. We found only one prospective, open-label study in this population. The aim of this open-label, prospective study was to estimate the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of risperidone treatment in adolescents with first-episode schizophrenia. Subjects were adolescent inpatients diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fourth edition) first-episode schizophrenia by the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present Episode version. Most of the patients (10/11) were drug na?ve. Improvement was assessed during the first 6 weeks of treatment using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale. Side effects were monitored using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, the Simpson-Angus Scale, the Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, and the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser Side Effect Rating Scale. Eleven adolescents between 15.5 and 20 years of age (mean = 17.27, SD = 1.27 years) were included in this study. Risperidone in an average dose of 3.14 mg/day (SD = 1.60 mg/day) produced a significant improvement on the total PANSS score (28%, p < 0.01), BPRS score (30.11%, p < 0.01), and CGI-Severity score (31.36%, p < 0.01). Risperidone was ineffective in the treatment of negative signs as assessed by the PANSS. The major side effects were extrapyramidal side effects, somnolence, depression, and weight gain. In conclusion risperidone appears to be a safe, acceptably tolerated, and effective antipsychotic medication for the treatment of adolescent-onset schizophrenia.     

加用阿立哌唑对利培酮所致精神分裂症男性患者高催乳素血症的影响

目的 探讨加用阿立哌唑对利培酮所致的首次发病的男性精神分裂症患者高催乳素血症的影响及安全性.方法 将80例男性精神分裂症首次发病住院患者随机分为研究组(40例)和对照组(40例).使用利培酮治疗4周后催乳素水平≥60 μg/L的患者,在维持原有治疗不变的基础上,研究组加用阿立哌唑5 mg/d,对照组加用安慰剂治疗,总疗程12周,研究周期8周(第4～12周末).于治疗第0,4,8,12周末检测血清催乳素含量,并用阳性和阴性症状评定量表(PANSS)、治疗中需要处理的不良反应量表(TESS)进行评定.结果 研究组治疗第12周末血清催乳素[(25±7)μg/L]较第4周末[(76±17)μg/L]下降,差异有统计学意义(t=15.87;P＜0.01).对照组治疗第12周末催乳素[(79±13)μg/L]与第4周末[(78±15)μg/L]比较,差异无统计学意义(t=0.72;P＞0.05);治疗第12周末催乳素下降率为(66 ±11)%、正常率为67.6%,均高于对照组[分别为(-1±18)%、6.5%](P均＜0.01).两组患者治疗前后比较,PANSS评分总分及分量表分均明显下降(P均＜0.01);在治疗第12周未两组之间各项评分比较,筹异均无统计学意义(t=0.40,0.76,0.22,0.88;P均＞0.05).治疗第12周未研究组TESS评分(4.8±4.3)与对照组(4.5±3.9)的差异无统计学意义(t=0.29;P＞0.05).结论阿立哌唑治疗利培酮所致精神分裂症男性患者高催乳素血症有效,安全.