龟甲提取物对骨髓间充质干细胞增殖过程中核受体的影响

【目的】观察龟甲(也称龟版或龟板)提取物对骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)增殖过程中核受体 (nuclear receptor,NR)表达的影响。【方法】采用密度梯度法分离大鼠MSC进行培养,经5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶(Brdu)标记和 CD44免疫组化染色鉴定后,分别以高、中、低剂量的龟甲提取物(3 333、333．3、33．33μg／mL)加入到体外培养的MSC中, 与龟甲提取物作用12、24、72、120 h后,采用免疫组化法和免疫荧光细胞化学法检测MSC的视黄酸受体(retinoic acid receptor-α,RARα)、维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor,VDR)、雌激素受体(estrogen reeepror,ER)、糖皮质激素受体 (glucocorticoid receptor,GR)、甲状腺激素受体(thyroid hormone receptor-α,TRα)和过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体(peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-δ,PPARδ)的表达。【结果】高、中、低剂量龟甲提取物组的MSC的RARα、VDR表达阳性细胞均高于对照组(P<0．05或P<0．01),且呈剂量依赖性;作用24 h后RARα表达达峰值,作用72 h后VDR表达达峰值。未检测到ER、GR、PPARδ、TRα阳性反应细胞。【结论】视黄酸受体α和维生素D受体可能为龟甲提取物促MSC增殖的药理靶点。     

法尼酯X受体在增强胎肝细胞中对B类清道夫受体Ⅰ表达的研究

目的 探讨法尼酯x受体(farnesoid X receptor,FXR)在肝细胞中对B类清道夫受体Ⅰ(scavenger receptor class B type Ⅰ,SR-BI)表达的影响及可能机制.方法 用FXR的特异性激动剂GW4064刺激胚胎肝细胞L02,经RT-PCR检测FXR特异性靶基因SHP(small heterodimer partner)mRNA的表达;经RT-PCR、荧光实时定量PCR和Western blot检测SR-BI的表达;在线分析、预测SR-BI基因启动子区中FXR的可能结合位点;最后经RT-PCR检测FXR的靶基因PPARγ(过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ)mRNA的表达.结果 FXR的特异性配体GW4064作用于L02细胞后,SHP mRNA表达明显上调,表明FXR在L02细胞中具有功能活性.FXR活化后可在转录和翻译水平上调SR-BI的表达,同时上调PPARγ的表达.经在线分析,未在SR-BI启动子区域找到FXR的经典结合位点.结论 FXR在肝细胞中可上调SR-BI的表达,其机制可能与上调PPARγ有关.     

参芎葡萄糖注射液及其丹参组分对小鼠核受体表达的调控作用

目的 考察参芎葡萄糖注射液(SGI)及其丹参组分(SM)对小鼠肝细胞中芳香烃受体(AhR)、肝细胞核因子4α(HNF-4α)、孕烷X受体(PXR)和过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)mRNA表达的影响.方法 采用随机数表法将40只雄性小鼠分为8组,每组5只,分别为空白组、阳性组(苯巴比妥)、SGI低剂量组(以丹参素计2.6 mg·kg-1·d-1)、SGI中剂量组(以丹参素计3.9 mg·kg-1·d-1)、SGI高剂量组(以丹参素计5.2 mg·kg-1·d-1)、SM低剂量组(以丹参素计2.6 mg·kg-1·d-1)、SM中剂量组(以丹参素计3.9 mg·kg-1·d-1)、SM高剂量组(以丹参素计5.2 mg·kg-1·d-1),连续给药7 d.提取各组小鼠肝脏组织中的RNA,检测相关核受体mRNA的变化.结果 与空白组相比,SGI高剂量组可以上调AhR mRNA的水平(P<0.05),上调倍数为1.7倍,但是SGI对PPARα、PXR、HNF-4α的mRNA水平没有显著性影响(P>0.05);SM对AhR、PPARα、PXR和HNF-4α的mRNA表达均无显著性影响(P>0.05).结论 高剂量的参芎葡萄糖注射液能够影响AhR mRNA的表达,但这种影响并不是由其丹参组分导致的.     

核受体激动剂对人卵巢颗粒细胞和乳腺癌MCF-7细胞芳香化酶的调节作用

目的：探讨各种核受体包括过氧化酶体增生物激活受体γ(PPARγ)和α(PPARα)、维甲酸受体(RAR)、维甲类X受体(RXR)、维生素D受体(VDR)、甲状腺素受体(TR)和糖皮质激素受体(GR)的激动剂对人卵巢颗粒细胞和乳腺癌MCF—7细胞芳香化酶活性的调节作用。方法：测定人卵巢颗粒细胞和MCF—7细胞在上述各种核受体激动剂处理前后芳香化酶活性的变化和细胞色素P450芳香化酶(P450arom)mRNA的表达水平。结果：(1)PPARγ和RXR激动剂均能显著抑制人卵巢颗粒细胞芳香化酶活性，两者结合使用抑制作用更进一步增强，并且伴有P450arom mRNA水平下降；(2)RAR和RXR激动剂合用能显著刺激乳腺癌MCF—7细胞芳香化酶活性，并使P450arom mRNA表达水平升高。结论：人卵巢颗粒细胞和乳腺癌MCF—7细胞芳香化酶活性受不同的核受体激动剂调节。     

颅咽管瘤中RARα及PPARβ/δ表达与RA作用的相关性

目的检测颅咽管瘤中RARα及PPARβ/δ的表达,分析其表达量与RA作用效果的相关性,探讨RA靶向治疗颅咽管瘤的分子机制.方法 RT-PCR法检测31例体外培养的颅咽管瘤细胞中PPARβ/δ、RARα的表达情况,MTT法测定RA对PPARβ/δ、RARα不同表达的颅咽管瘤细胞的抑制率,分析其表达情况与RA作用是否存在相关性.结果 (1)RT-PCR结果显示,不同颅咽管瘤细胞中PPARβ/δ、RARα表达存在差别.31例原代培养的颅咽管瘤细胞按其核受体表达不同分为PPARβ/δ>RARα、RARα>PPARβ/δ、RARα>>PPARβ/δ3组;(2)MTT结果显示在相同RA药物作用下RARα>>PPARβ/δ组的抑制率明显高于RARα>PPARβ/δ组、PPARβ/δ>RARα和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 (1)PPARβ/δ、RARα的表达可作为评估RA治疗颅咽管瘤效果的有效指标.PPARβ/δ表达低的颅咽管瘤细胞对RA更敏感;(2)靶向升高RARα或者靶向降低PPARβ/δ的表达都有益于颅咽管瘤的治疗.     

维生素A缺乏对大鼠肾脏ABCA1介导的脂质外流途径的影响

目的 探讨维生素A缺乏(vitaminA deficiency,VAD)大鼠模型肾脏脂质代谢状况及相关分子机制.方法 从孕期开始,给予Wistar大鼠正常饮食(正常对照组,维生素A含量为4000 IU/kg的饲料), VAD饮食(VAD组,维生素A含量为400 IU/kg的饲料),持续至8周后VAD组继续补充维生素A (VAS组,维生素A含量为6500 IU/kg的饲料) 15 d,每组6只.免疫组化分析肾脏载脂蛋白B100 (Apo-B100)、三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运体A1(adenosine triphosphate binding cassette A1,ABCA1)表达,Real-time PCR技术检测肾脏ABCA1、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)、肝X受体α(LXRα)、视黄醇X受体α/β (RXRα/β) mRNA水平. 结果免疫组化分析,第8周VAD组肾脏Apo-B100水平(14.27±0.05)明显高于正常对照组(8.25±0.49)(P<0.05);与第8周正常对照组(37.44±0.46)比较,VAD组肾脏ABCA1表达(24.53±0.86)降低(P<0.05).Real-time PCR检测,与正常组比较,第8周VAD组肾脏ABCA1表达上调,VAD组RXRα/β、LXRα mRNA水平降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05), 而PPARα mRNA水平无明显改变(P>0.05);以上改变随维生素A补充即恢复至正常水平.结论 VAD可致PPARα/RXRs-LXRα/RXRs-ABCA1介导的脂质外流途径受损而导致大鼠肾脏脂质沉积增多,但及时补充维生素A能有效使肾脏脂质代谢恢复正常.     

实时荧光定量RT-PCR分析直肠癌PPARδ的表达及意义

目的 分析人直肠癌组织过氧化物酶体增殖物活化受体δ基因(PPARδ)的表达变化及其与直肠癌临床病理特征的关系.方法 选取手术切除的直肠癌标本86例,以癌旁正常粘膜为对照,采用实时荧光定量RT-PCR对PPARδ mRNA作定量分析.结果 48例(55.8%)直肠癌组织PPARδ表达上调,其中39例(81.3%)上调1.5～5.0倍, 5例(10.4%)上调10～20倍, 4例(8.3%)大于20倍, 与对照组相比,两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.083).PPARδ的表达与直肠癌分化程度、病理类型及Dukes分期无相关性(P＞0.05).结论 直肠癌组织中PPARδ基因的表达无显著上调,并且与直肠癌分化程度、病理类型及Dukes分期无关.     

胃癌及其癌旁黏膜中维生素D受体的表达

目的探讨胃癌组织中维生素D受体(VDR)的表达,并与癌旁正常胃黏膜组织比较。方法采用免疫组化方法,检测75例胃癌组织和癌旁正常胃黏膜组织中VDR表达。结果胃癌组织中VDR表达显著低于正常胃黏膜(P<0.05)。癌组织中VDR的表达在不同年龄、性别、TNM分期、组织学分型、浸润深度、淋巴结转移之间差异无统计学意义。VDR表达与癌组织分化程度有关,高、中、低分化3组VDR表达依次降低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 VDR表达可以作为判断胃癌分化程度的依据之一。     

颅咽管瘤中RARα及PPARβ/δ表达与RA作用的相关性

目的检测颅咽管瘤中RARα及PPARβ/δ的表达,分析其表达量与RA作用效果的相关性,探讨RA靶向治疗颅咽管瘤的分子机制.方法 RT-PCR法检测31例体外培养的颅咽管瘤细胞中PPARβ/δ、RARα的表达情况,MTT法测定RA对PPARβ/δ、RARα不同表达的颅咽管瘤细胞的抑制率,分析其表达情况与RA作用是否存在相关性.结果 RT-PCR结果显示,不同颅咽管瘤细胞中PPARβ/δ、RARα表达存在差别.31例原代培养的颅咽管瘤细胞按其核受体表达不同分为PPARβ/δ>RARα、RARα>>PPARβ/δ、RARα>PPARβ/δ3组;MTT结果显示在相同RA药物作用下RARα>PPARβ/δ组的抑制率明显高于RARα>PPARβ/δ组、PPARβ/δ>RARα和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).结论 PPARβ/δ、RARα的表达可作为评估RA治疗颅咽管瘤效果的有效指标.PPARβ/δ表达低的颅咽管瘤细胞对RA更敏感;靶向升高RARα或者靶向降低PPARβ/δ的表达都有益于颅咽管瘤的治疗.     

维甲酸受体α、β在子宫内膜癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:通过检测子宫内膜癌组织中维甲酸受体α(Retinoic acid receptor α,RARα)及维甲酸受体β(Retinoic acid receptor β,RARB)表达情况,探讨维甲酸受体在子宫内膜癌发生发展及预后中的作用.方法:收集手术标本的石蜡切片48例,用免疫组化技术检测子宫内膜癌中RARα、RARβ的表达,评估其与临床病理参数之间的关系.结果:(1)RARα及HARβ的阳性表达率分别为47.92%(23/48)、25%(12/48),RARα的表达明显高于RARβ.(2)子宫内膜癌中RARa的表达随手术病理分期的增加及组织分化程度的降低而升高,表现出显著性差异(P<0.01,P<0.01),但与子宫内膜癌组织学分类、肌层侵润深度无关(P>0.05).(3)RARβ表达随着子宫内膜腺癌组织分化程度的降低而减少(P<0.05),但与手术病理分期、组织学类型、肌层侵润深度无关(P>0.05).结论:子宫内膜癌中存在RARα、RARβ表达,RARα的高表达与子宫内膜癌的发展有关,RARβ的表达缺失及RARα的高表达预示子宫内膜癌的预后不良.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.