安心颗粒联合血栓抽吸对急诊冠脉介入术后心肌灌注影响的研究

目的 在接受急诊冠脉介入术（PCI）的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中,评价术前使用安心颗粒联合血栓抽吸术对心肌灌注的影响。方法 160例接受急诊冠脉介入术的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者被随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8 g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组。所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀。术后观察心肌呈色分级（MBG）、心电图ST段回落百分比、肌钙蛋白(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、左室射血分数(LVEF)、主要不良心脏事件(MACE)。结果 安心颗粒组术后的MBG分级较高(P<0.05),达到MBG 3级的患者比例较多(P<0.05),术后ST段回落百分比>70%的患者数较对照组多(P<0.05),cTnI(P<0.01)和CKMB(P<0.05)峰值时间提前。术后第30天,安心颗粒组患者的左室射血分数明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。第(30±1)天时,2组患者主要不良心脏事件发生人数无显著性差别(P>0.05)。结论 急诊冠脉介入术前使用安心颗粒,联合血栓抽吸术,能改善心肌灌注和泵功能,但对短期内主要不良心脏事件无影响。      

Bloodletting Puncture at Hand Twelve Jing-Well Points Relieves Brain Edema after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats via Inhibiting MAPK Signaling Pathway

Objective:To investigate whether blood-brain barrier(BBB)served a key role in the edema-relief effect of bloodletting puncture at hand twelve Jing-well points(HTWP)in traumatic brain injury(TBI)and the potential molecular signaling pathways.Methods:Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to the shamoperated(sham),TBI,and bloodletting puncture(bloodletting)groups(n=24 per group)using a randomized number table.The TBI model rats were induced by cortical contusion and then bloodletting puncture were performed at HTWP twice a day for 2 days.The neurological function and cerebral edema were evaluated by modified neurological severity score(mNSS),cerebral water content,magnetic resonance imaging and hematoxylin and eosin staining.Cerebral blood flow was measured by laser speckles.The protein levels of aquaporin 4(AQP4),matrix metalloproteinases 9(MMP9)and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway(MAPK)signaling were detected by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot.Results:Compared with TBI group,bloodletting puncture improved neurological function at 24 and 48 h,alleviated cerebral edema at 48 h,and reduced the permeability of BBB induced by TBI(all P<0.05).The AQP4 and MMP9 which would disrupt the integrity of BBB were downregulated by bloodletting puncture(P<0.05 or P<0.01).In addition,the extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)and p38 signaling pathways were inhibited by bloodletting puncture(P<0.05).Conclusions:Bloodletting puncture at HTWP might play a significant role in protecting BBB through regulating the expressions of MMP9 and AQP4 as well as corresponding regulatory upstream ERK and p38 signaling pathways.Therefore,bloodletting puncture at HTWP may be a promising therapeutic strategy for TBI-induced cerebral edema.     

如何学好药理学

药理学是研究药物与机体相互作用、作用机制及规律的科学,是连接基础医学与临床医学、医学与药学的一门重要课程.许多学生在初次学习药理学时,认为药理学不好学,内容复杂、抽象,药物种类较多,抓不住重点,难以记忆,不知道怎样学习药理学,现就这些问题谈谈学习药理学的方法.     

昆虫抗冻蛋白及其在医学领域中的应用

抗冻蛋白(antifreeze protein,AFP)是一类结构多样的蛋白质,具有热滞效应(thermal hysteresis,TH,降低冰点而不改变熔点)和重结晶抑制效应(recrystalization inhabition,RI).通过非共价吸附抑制机制吸附到冰核表面,限制冰晶生长和抑制冰晶重结晶,从而保护有机体免受结冰引起的伤害.由于抗冻蛋白具有阻止冰晶生长而不破坏细胞的特点,因而利用抗冻蛋白在低温中长期保存各种细胞、组织和器官,特别在器官移植中可能具有很好的应用前景.     

Sternal Reconstruction of Deep Sternal Wound Infections Following Median Sternotomy by Single-stage Muscle Flaps Transposition

Objective To assess clinical effectiveness of using bilateral pectoralis major or plus rectus abdominis muscle flaps in treating deep sternal wound infection （DSWI） following median sternotomy. Methods Between January 2009 and December 2013, 19 patients with DSWI after median sternotomy for cardiac surgery were admitted to our hospital, including 14 males （73.7%） and 5 females （26.3%）, aged 55±13 （18-78） years. According to the Pairolero classification of infected median sternotomies, 3 （15.8%） patients were type II, and the other 16 （84.2%） were type III. Surgical procedure consisted of adequate debridement of infected sternum, costal cartilage, granulation, steel wires, suture residues and other foreign substances. Sternal reconstruction used the bilateral pectoralis major or plus rectus abdominis muscle flaps to obliterate dead space. The drainage tubes were placed and connected to a negative pressure generator for adequate drainage. Results There were no intraoperative deaths. In 15 patients （78.9%）, bilateral pectoral muscle flaps were mobilized sufficiently to cover and stabilize the defect created by wound debridement. 4 patients （21.0%） needed bilateral pectoral muscle flaps plus rectus abdominis muscle flaps because their pectoralis major muscle flaps could not reach the lowest portion of the wound. 2 patients （10.5%） presented with subcutaneous infection, and 3 patients （15.8%） had hematoma. They recovered following local debridement and medication. 17 patients （89.5%） were examined at follow-up 12 months later, all healed and having stable sternum. No patients showed infection recurrence during the follow-up period over 12 months. Conclusion DSWI following median sternotomy may be effectively managed with adequate debridement of infected tissues and reconstruction with bilateral pectoralis major muscle or plus rectus abdominis muscle flap transposition.     

植皮区域局限性皮肤松弛症1例

病人,女,81岁.40年前在工作时双上肢不慎被火烧伤,当年在大连化工厂医院烧伤科给予取自体腹部皮肤行前臂植皮术,术后植皮区域皮肤成活修复良好.4年前无明显诱因双侧前臂植皮区域肤色逐渐变深,无意中发现皮肤明显松弛,无不适感.近3个月自觉植皮区域疼痛不适,局部无红肿等,轻微牵拉皮肤时疼痛明显.自发病起4年皮损未见扩大.患者既往体健,否认家族有类似病患者.     

对症喝汤好处多

夏季多喝汤不仅能调节口味,补充体液,增强食欲,而且能防病抗病,对健康有益. 日常人们常喝的汤有荤、素两大类.荤汤有鸡汤、肉汤、骨头汤、鱼汤、蛋花汤等,素汤有海带汤、豆腐汤、紫菜汤、番茄汤、冬瓜汤和米汤等.无论是荤汤还是素汤,都应根据各人的喜好与口味来选料烹制,加之"对症喝汤",就可达到抗衰治病、清热解毒的"汤疗"效果.     

维生素B1和维生素B12肌注致过敏性休克1例报告

1 临床资料 患者,男,23岁,因左下肢疼痛20 d来医院就诊.询问病史:患者2 d前在上级医院诊断为坐骨神经痛.既往健康,无药物过敏史.门诊当日给予维生素B1 100 mg,维生素B12 250靏肌注,用药约5 min时患者感到头晕、胸闷、呼吸困难、寒战,面色苍白,脉搏105次·min-1,血压80/50 mmHg,考虑为药物所致过敏性休克,立即给予平卧,氧气吸入,肾上腺素1 mg肌注,地塞米松10 mg静注,5 min后患者恢复正常.     

第16届欧洲呼吸学会年会会议纪要

第16届欧洲呼吸学会年会(The European Respiratory Society 16th Annual Congress)于2006年9月1日～6日在德国慕尼黑市国际会议中心(ICM)召开,来自100多个国家和地区的16 888名代表参加了会议,大会共收到论文5277篇,接收论文4221篇,其中来自中国(包括香港、澳门和台湾)84篇(图1).现将会议内容扼要介绍如下.     

甲状旁腺切除术对甲状旁腺机能亢进性骨病的远期疗效

为了评价甲状旁腺切除术对原发性甲状旁腺机能亢进（ＰＨＰＴ）所致骨病的远期疗效，回顾分析了１６例术后平均５．１（１．０～１０．５）年患者的临床表现、骨结构和骨密度恢复情况，结果表明手术虽能明显改善患者骨病，但在随访终点有１０／１６例（６２．５％）骨病恢复不全，其中骨病重的Ｙ１组比骨病轻的Ｙ２组恢复不全比例更高（Ｐ＜０．０５），１４／１６例血骨钙素（ＢＧＰ）和尿吡啶并啉（Ｐｙｒ）浓度处于中青年对照组范围内，这意味着其成骨与破骨处于平衡状态。这些结果提示：ＰＨ－ＰＴ患者应尽早诊断治疗，术后应对患者密切随访，重视对骨病恢复不全者的后续治疗     

胰十二指肠切除术后住院时间影响因素分析-回顾性研究

Background. Postoperative hospital stay after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) was relatively longer than other gastrointestinal operations, The aim of current study was to investigate the risk factors of postoperative hospital stay after PD. Methods. Patients who were performed PD in Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CHCAMS) between December 2008 and November 2012 were selected for the retrospective study. The clinical and pathological data was collected and analyzed. The primary outcome was postoperative hospital stay. Normal discharge or recovery was defined as postoperative hospital stay no more than 10 days, otherwise it was defined as delayed discharge or recovery (including hospital death). Results. Finally, 152 patients were enrolled in present study. Postoperative hospital stay was 19.7±7.7 (7-57 d). 67 of 152 patients were normal discharge, and 85 of 152 patients were delayed discharge. The overall morbidity of complications was 62.5% (95/152), and the mortality rate was 3.29% (5/152). Multiple factors analysis showed that complication morbidity (adjusted OR=10.40, 95%CI=3.58-30.22), age (adjusted OR=4.09, 95%CI=1.16-14.39), BMI (body mass index) (adjusted OR=4.40, 95%CI=1.19-16.23), surgical procedure (adjusted OR=26.14, 95%CI=4.94-153.19), blood transfusion (adjusted OR=7.68, 95%CI=2.09-28.27) and fluid input (adjusted OR=3.47, 95%CI=1.24-11.57) were significantly associated with delayed discharge. Conclusions. Postoperative complications affects the postoperative hospital discharge. Furthermore, age, BMI, transfused red blood, surgical procedure and input might prolong LOS (length of hospital stay). Studies with more patients were needed in future.     

甲磺酰胺苯乙胺类化合物抗心律失常活性的定量构效关系研究(Ⅰ)

以ＰＯＬＹＧＥＮ软件中的ＣＨＡＲＭｍ程序和集团坐标轮换法，对合成的１２个甲磺酰胺苯乙胺类化合物的结构进行计算机分子模拟。根据所得化合物的能量最低构象，计算了其ＶＤＷ体积、偶极矩、总键能、总键角能、总非正则能以及氮原子电荷等值，并对这些化合物进行ＣＮＤＯ／２法量化计算，这些计算结果作为结构参数分别与１２个化合物抗心律失常活性进行相关分析，以逐步回归法建立了两个相关性较好的方程：ｌｇｌ／ＭＥＣ＝６．９９９１－０．３８４２Ｘ２＋３．６７９６Ｘ５［ｎ＝１２，ｒ＝０．８５５９７５，ｓ＝０．１８９６７２，Ｆ＝１２．３３４６４＞Ｆ１－０．０５（３，９）＝３．８６］；ｌｇｌ／ＭＥＣ＝１４．７０３８－２１３．２６９２Ｘ４－１０．４８２９Ｘ５［ｎ＝１２，ｒ＝０．９３１９１９，ｓ＝０．１３３０４７，Ｆ＝２９．７１３５４＞Ｆ１－０．０１（３，９）＝６．９９］。结果提示，这类化合物的抗心律失常活性与分子中的原子轨道杂化程度和氮原子对分子ＨＯＭＯ和ＬＵ－ＭＯ的贡献有关，可以看出，氮上的取代不同会引起抗心律失常活性的不同     

欧洲刺柏（Juniper）

活性成分与药理作用欧洲刺柏药用部位是其浆果，具有促水排泄、防腐、抗胃肠胀气和抗风湿作用，还可改善胃功能。用作促水排泄药可增加尿量（水丢失），但不增加钠排泄。成分萜品烯-4-醇可增加肾小球滤过率，但刺激肾。欧洲刺柏浆果对单纯疱疹病毒体外显示抗病毒活性，并具抗真菌活性。动物实验显示，欧洲刺柏浆果提取物具有堕胎、抗生育、抗炎、抗胚胎植入、降血压、升血压和降血糖作用。欧洲刺柏浆果油具有兴奋子宫的活性，以及利尿、胃肠道抗菌和刺激作用，该油对平滑肌有阻止解痉作用。     

基于网络药理学探讨独活-羌活-细辛治疗膝骨关节炎的作用机制*

目的 基于网络药理学的方法分析和预测独活-羌活-细辛治疗膝骨关节炎可能的作用机制。方法 利用TCMSP数据库获取独活、羌活、细辛的活性成分及靶点,与CTD、NCBI等数据库获取的膝骨关节炎疾病基因靶点映射,构建药物-活性成分-疾病靶点网络。进行MCODE聚类分析,通过Omicshare云平台和DAVID数据库GO、KEGG通路富集分析。结果 从3味药中共筛选出了36个活性成分及205个靶点,主要有山柰酚、 β-谷甾醇、芝麻脂素、异紫花前胡苷等关键成分,AKT1、ESR1、JUN、CASP3等为关键靶点,核心基因有NOS3、ESR1、COX1、NR1I2,关键的生物进程和通路有类固醇激素反应性、活性氧代谢过程、AGE-RAGE通路和TNF通路。结论 独活-羌活-细辛可能通过多成分、多靶点网络来治疗膝骨关节炎。     

矮身材儿童血铅镉锌钙铁铜镁水平分析

目的探讨血铅、镉、锌、钙、铁、铜、镁水平对儿童生长发育的影响。方法通过采用钨舟原子吸收光谱仪测定我院儿保门诊53例矮身材儿童（矮身材组）及53例正常儿童（对照组）末梢静脉血中铅、镉、锌、钙、铁、铜、镁水平,并对其与儿童生长发育关系进行分析。结果矮身材儿童血铅明显高于正常对照组,锌、钙、铁明显低于正常对照组（P〈0．05）。而血镉、铜、镁与对照组则无明显差异。矮身材组血铅男童明显高于女童（P〈0．05）。结论矮身材儿童的生长发育迟缓可能与高血铅,低血锌、钙、铁密切相关。儿童铅中毒防治和合理的膳食结构是降低儿童矮身材发生率的重要措施。