盐酸青藤碱醇质体的制备及其体外经皮渗透研究

目的 制备盐酸青藤碱醇质体并考察醇质体作为盐酸青藤碱经皮给药载体的渗透特性。方法 采用注入法制备盐酸青藤碱醇质体,并对其形态、粒径及包封率进行分析;采用透皮扩散仪,以小鼠皮肤进行体外透皮试验,比较盐酸青藤碱在水溶液、脂质体以及醇质体中的透皮行为。结果 制得的盐酸青藤碱醇质体外形圆整,平均粒径为88.7 nm,包封率为62.8%,累积透皮量和透皮速率均明显高于盐酸青藤碱脂质体和水溶液。结论 醇质体能明显促进盐酸青藤碱的经皮渗透,有望成为盐酸青藤碱透皮给药的新载体。     

盐酸特比萘芬二元醇质体的制备及体外评价

目的 制备盐酸特比萘芬二元醇质体并进行体外评价.方法 采用乙醇注入-超声法制备二元醇质体;以粒径、Zeta电位和包封率为评价指标,通过正交试验优化处方;采用改良Franz扩散池对不同脂质体进行体外皮肤渗透试验.结果 最优处方为:药物质量分数为0.5‰,药脂比为1∶5(g∶g),二元醇相体积分数为30％,乙醇-丙二醇体积比为7∶3;以优选的处方制备的二元醇质体粒径为(36.2±1.0)nm、Zeta电位为(-23.22±2.02)mV、包封率为(97.61±0.09)％,表皮真皮层滞留量最高为(23.18±2.38) μg/cm2.结论 所选工艺合理可行,可用于制备盐酸特比萘芬二元醇质体,二元醇质体增加盐酸特比萘芬在表皮真皮层滞留量.     

环维黄杨星D醇质体体外经皮渗透性研究

[目的]研究环维黄杨星D醇质体的体外经皮渗透特性.[方法]分别制备环维黄杨星D醇质体、普通脂质体、过饱和水溶液及35.5%(质量分数)乙醇溶液,采用体外经皮渗透法比较各制剂的体外经皮渗透性.[结果]醇质体可明显提高药物的稳态透皮速率,其增渗比为8.85,促渗效果优于普通脂质体和35.5%乙醇溶液.12 h皮肤中药物滞留量的顺序依次为35.5%乙醇溶液>普通脂质体>醇质体.[结论]与普通脂质体比较,醇质体可明显提高环维黄杨星D稳态透皮速率,有利于药物发挥全身作用.     

应用不同类型脂质体作为姜黄素经皮给药载体的实验研究

目的：探讨不同脂质体作为姜黄素经皮给药载体药物透皮吸收及皮肤沉积效果,优化得到姜黄素经皮给药最佳脂质体载体。方法：注入法制备了3种类型脂质体——一般脂质体、乙醇脂质体（醇质体）和丙二醇脂质体,并对其粒径、包封率、体外释放率等理化性质进行了考察。采用大鼠腹部皮肤及franz扩散池进行体外透皮实验,HPLC法测定10 h内皮肤姜黄素透皮量及在皮肤的积蓄量,并加以比较。结果：各种不同脂质体的粒径大小次序为：一般脂质体（1 345.7±1 257.8）nm〉乙醇脂质体（963.5±702.4）nm〉醇水相体积比为1：2的丙二醇脂质体（506.6±326.7）nm。各种脂质体的姜黄素包封率大小为：丙二醇脂质体〉醇质体〉一般脂质体,其中醇水相体积比为1：2时制备的丙二醇脂质体粒径最小,包封率最高（92.74%±3.44%）,且体外稳定性好,10 h内姜黄素透皮量和在皮肤的积蓄量与姜黄素乙醇溶液结果无明显差别。结论：醇相和水相体积比为1：2制备的丙二醇脂质体粒径小,包封率高,是姜黄素经皮给药的最佳载体。     

奥昔布宁凝胶剂的制备和体外释药特性

目的:制备奥昔布宁凝胶剂,评价其体外释药性能。方法:以氮酮为促透剂,以羟丙甲基纤维素为凝胶基质,正交法设计处方,用扩散池进行奥昔布宁凝胶剂12h的经皮扩散试验,高效液相色谱法测定药物累计释放浓度,用时间滞留法求算经皮渗透参数。结果:奥昔布宁凝胶剂经度扩散参数分别为T_(lag)3.3h,D7.95E-07cm~2.h~(-1),Km20.91,Jss2.11E-04mmol.cm~(-2).h~(-1),12h体外累计释放量为(11.11±0.96)％。结论:奥昔布宁凝胶剂透过率高,渗透性好。     

盐酸青藤碱醇质体的制备及其性质考察

目的 研究盐酸青藤碱醇质体的最佳制备工艺,并考察不同促渗剂对其体外经皮渗透的影响和该制剂的皮肤过敏性。方法 采用注入法制备盐酸青藤碱醇质体,以包封率为评价指标,通过正交设计优化最佳制备工艺;同时对其形态、Zeta电位、粒径大小进行分析;以氮酮为阳性促渗剂,研究丁香精油等不同促渗剂预处理离体小鼠腹部皮肤24 h后,对盐酸青藤碱24 h累积渗透量的影响。以豚鼠为动物模型,进行皮肤过敏性试验。结果 所得青藤碱醇质体平均包封率为（66.18±1.84）%,平均粒径为（102.2±10.4）nm,Zeta电位为（?52.4±1.5）mV。2%丁香酚预处理皮肤组,盐酸青藤碱醇质体24 h的累积渗透量为412.493 2 μg/cm²,大约是醇质体组（未促渗）的1.6倍、水溶液组（未促渗）的5.8倍。该制剂外用对皮肤无致敏性。结论 优选得到的盐酸青藤碱醇质体处方和制备工艺合理,醇质体稳定性良好,经皮给药安全。2%丁香酚可显著提高盐酸青藤碱的体外渗透效果。     

非那甾胺醇质体和脂质体的经皮渗透比较研究

目的 比较醇质体与脂质体作为非那甾胺经皮传输载体的给药特性.方法 制备非那甾胺醇质体和脂质体,用透射电镜观察它们的形态,测定其粒径、电位、包封率及载药率等参数,并用人皮进行体外经皮渗透研究.结果 非那甾胺醇质体和脂质体粒径分别为(92±4.0)和(129±6.1)nm,两者的表面荷电性相反.醇质体的包封率与脂质体接近,但是前者的载药率是后者的6倍多.醇质体的经皮渗透速率(1.34 μg·cm-2·h-1)是脂质体的3.2倍;24 h时药物在皮肤中滞留量为醇质体(24.3±3.0)μg·cm-2比脂质体(9.7±1.1)μg·cm-2,药物在表皮层和真皮层的分布比例呈明显的倒置现象.结论 醇质体与脂质体相比较,能显著促进非那甾胺的经皮吸收,而脂质体在减少全身吸收、突出局部疗效有一定优势.     

甘草次酸醇质体水凝胶贴剂的制备与透皮给药研究

目的探讨甘草次酸醇质体水凝胶贴剂的制备方法,并考察其体外透皮给药的规律与特点。方法注入法制备甘草次酸醇质体,考察其包封率、粒径与表面电位,再制备成水凝胶贴剂;采用改良Franz立式扩散池,HPLC法测定甘草次酸含量,评价甘草次酸醇质体水凝胶贴剂的体外透皮给药规律与特点。结果甘草次酸醇质体外观为圆球形或椭球形,具有层状结构;其对于甘草次酸的包封率为(75.63±1.86)%,粒径为(106.2±20.54)nm,表面电位为(-41.3±2.8)mV。与甘草次酸水凝胶贴剂比较,甘草次酸醇质体水凝胶贴剂的透皮给药速率与累积渗透量高于甘草次酸水凝胶贴剂,24 h时甘草次酸醇质体水凝胶贴剂的累积渗透量是甘草次酸水凝胶贴剂的5.55倍,二者之间差异有统计学意义(t-test,P<0.01)。结论甘草次酸制备成醇质体后能够显著提高水凝胶贴剂的透皮给药效果,表明醇质体水凝胶贴剂是甘草次酸透皮给药的一个理想的载体。     

鬼臼毒素醇质体的体外经皮渗透特性研究

目的 研究鬼臼毒素醇质体经皮渗透特性。方法 通过体外经皮渗透试验,比较鬼臼毒素在大鼠皮肤中的稳态透皮速率和皮肤滞留量,分别考察以醇质体、酊剂、脂质体、30%乙醇混悬液以及鬼臼毒素与空白醇质体物理混合物作为载体,鬼臼毒素经皮渗透特性。结果 鬼臼毒素醇质体的12 h皮肤滞留量为8.17 μg/cm²,高于其他各组;稳态透皮速率小于鬼臼毒素载药量为0.5%的脂质体组及乙醇混悬液组（P＜0.05）,与其他对照组无显著差异。结论 醇质体具有较大的皮肤滞留量及较小的透皮速率。     

川芎嗪醇质体贴剂的制备及体内外评价

目的通过不同膜材、处方和工艺的优选,研制具有良好透皮吸收性能、剂型稳定、包封率及释放度均性能良好的川芎嗪缓释皮肤贴片。方法采用乙醇注入超声法,以包封率为指标,制备川芎嗪醇质体。以丙烯酸树脂为主要组分,加入琥珀酸作为交联剂,柠檬酸三乙酯作为增塑剂,制备川芎嗪醇质体贴剂。然后进行体外释放度测定及体外透皮试验,考察其体外释药性能以及体外透皮率。最后进行大鼠的药动学试验,计算药动学参数,比较其相对生物利用度。结果川芎嗪醇质体处方为磷脂浓度为1%(w/v),胆固醇浓度为0.4%(w/v),乙醇含量为45%(v/v),超声时间为5min,制得的川芎嗪醇质体粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为(78.71±1.23)nm,平均包封率为(86.42±1.50)%。川芎嗪醇质体贴剂体外透皮试验结果显示24h药物累积透皮量达183±18μg.cm-2,其体外释放度曲线24h内符合Higuchi方程,具有缓释效果。药动学结果显示其相对生物利用度为209.45%,与其他两种制剂相比,川芎嗪醇质体贴片具有促进药物吸收、提高生物利用度的作用。结论川芎嗪醇质体贴剂透皮效果较好,并且达到缓释与提高生物利用度的目的 。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…