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1.
成年人睡眠状况与糖尿病患病关系的研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的 探讨成年人睡眠状况与糖尿病患病关系。方法 利用“中国慢性病前瞻性研究”苏州市项目点53 260名30~79岁常住居民基线调查数据,通过多因素logistic回归模型分析睡眠状况与糖尿病患病关系。结果 调查人群糖尿病患病率为5.3%,入睡困难、容易早醒和经常打鼾的比例分别为7.2%、10.0%和29.5%,22.6%的调查对象报告睡眠时间≤6 h。经多因素模型调整后,入睡困难(男性:OR=1.63,95%CI:1.30~2.05;女性:OR=1.48,95%CI:1.27~1.73)、容易早醒(男性:OR=1.37,95%CI:1.12~1.68;女性:OR=1.31,95%CI:1.14~1.51)和经常打鼾(男性:OR=1.16,95%CI:1.00~1.34;女性:OR=1.39,95%CI:1.23~1.57)均与糖尿病罹患风险存在关联。女性服用助眠药物与糖尿病的患病相关(OR=1.42,95%CI:1.06~1.92)。与睡眠时间8 h相比,睡眠时间不足(≤6 h)与男女性糖尿病患病均存在统计学关联,OR值分别为1.37(95%CI:1.17~1.60)和1.24(95%CI:1.08~1.41),睡眠时间过长(≥9 h)与糖尿病未见统计学关联。结论 睡眠问题(入睡困难、容易早醒、药物助眠、经常打鼾和睡眠时间不足)与糖尿病患病风险密切相关,睡眠时间过长与糖尿病患病未见统计学关联。  相似文献   

2.
目的 了解2015年我国≥ 35岁高血压患者的社区健康管理及高血压治疗控制情况并探索其影响因素。方法 利用2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测项目收集的问卷调查及体格测量等信息,以乡镇卫生院(社区卫生服务中心)或以上级别医疗卫生机构医生诊断为高血压的≥ 35岁的患者为研究对象,对样本进行复杂加权后,分析其一般特征、高血压社区健康管理情况及高血压治疗控制情况。结果 共纳入高血压患者23 974名,经复杂加权后,我国≥ 35岁高血压患者的社区健康管理率为54.10%(95%CI:51.02%~57.17%),社区规范管理率为45.72%(95%CI:42.93%~48.51%);高血压治疗率为88.16%(95%CI:87.00%~89.31%),控制率为22.67%(95%CI:21.25%~24.09%),治疗控制率为27.76%(95%CI:26.09%~29.42%)。多因素分析结果显示,城市和农村年龄≥ 65岁(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.05~1.87;OR=3.11,95%CI:2.22~4.36)、按医嘱服药(OR=2.15,95%CI:1.46~3.15;OR=1.35,95%CI:1.13~1.62)、进行血压监测(OR=2.34,95%CI:1.88~2.90;OR=3.10,95%CI:2.72~3.53)的高血压患者更愿意接受高血压社区健康管理;文化程度大专及以上(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.39~0.66)、适量饮酒(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.57~0.84)或过量饮酒(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.58~0.92)的城市高血压患者接受社区高血压管理的情况不佳。城市和农村超重(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61~0.91;OR=0.83,95%CI:0.71~0.98)、肥胖(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.45~0.65;OR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.83)的高血压患者血压控制情况较差,按医嘱服药(OR=4.58,95%CI:3.16~6.63;OR=2.84,95%CI:2.18~3.69)的高血压患者的血压控制状况较好。地处中部(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61~0.89)、过量饮酒(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.54~0.97)的城市高血压患者血压控制情况较差,合并其他慢性疾病(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.04~1.44)、参加高血压社区规范管理(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.06~1.58)的城市高血压患者血压控制情况较好;地处中、西部地区(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.58~0.87;OR=0.62,95%CI:0.47~0.80)、适量饮酒(OR=0.81,95%CI:0.67~0.98)、人均每日食盐摄入量>6 g (OR=0.80,95%CI:0.69~0.93)的农村高血压患者血压控制情况较差,进行血压监测(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.18~1.61)的农村高血压患者血压控制情况较好。结论 我国≥ 35岁高血压患者社区健康管理情况较之前有所改善,但是高血压控制情况距离相关政策指标还有一定差距。  相似文献   

3.
目的 了解天津市中老年社区居民性活跃现状及其相关因素。方法 2020年6月至2022年12月,通过多阶段抽样方法,对天津市≥50岁中老年社区居民开展横断面调查。样本量估计数为735名。通过调查员面对面收集问卷,包括社会人口学特征、健康特征以及性生活方式有关特征等相关信息。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析性活跃状态的相关因素。结果 共纳入776名研究对象(男性和女性分别为510名和266名),年龄以50~59岁(45.9%)为主。总体性活跃率为45.6%。年龄更大(60~69岁:aOR=0.67,95%CI:0.45~0.99;≥70岁:aOR=0.12,95%CI:0.07~0.21)、男性(aOR=1.93,95%CI:1.32~2.82)、城镇居民(aOR=0.18,95%CI:0.12~0.28)、同居/已婚(aOR=2.80,95%CI:1.41~5.58)、独居(aOR=0.51,95%CI:0.27~0.96)、爬楼或行走困难(aOR=0.55,95%CI:0.31~0.97)、现患慢性病(1种:aOR=0.55,95%CI:0.36~0.85;≥2种:aOR=0.53,95%CI:0.33~0.84)与性活跃状态有关。结论 相当比例的中老年社区居民仍然保持性活跃。身体健康状况与中老年社区居民的性活跃状态存在关联。应将性健康服务纳入中老年社区居民卫生保健服务范围,加强社区卫生服务人员的性健康相关服务意识和技能。  相似文献   

4.
目的 利用2018年安徽省中国成人慢性病与营养监测数据,比较不同特征成年居民慢性肾病(CKD)患病率,并分析其相关因素。方法 采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,选取≥18岁居民进行询问调查、身体测量和实验室检测。使用复杂加权方法估算不同特征居民的CKD患病率,CKD患病及其相关因素的多因素分析采用复杂抽样数据logistic回归模型。结果 共纳入7 181人,成年居民CKD患病率为11.06%,女性CKD患病率(12.49%)高于男性(9.59%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。居民CKD进展的中、高和极高风险程度比例分别为8.66%、2.02%和0.38%。多因素分析结果显示,年龄(OR=1.03,95%CI:1.00~1.05)和BMI(OR=1.05,95%CI:1.01~1.09)增加、女性(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.22~1.55)、高血压(OR=2.50,95%CI:1.76~3.56)、糖尿病(OR=2.28,95%CI:1.51~3.43)、血脂异常(OR=1.26,95%CI:1.11~1.43)和高尿酸血症(OR=2.16,95%CI:1.68~2.78)均为CKD的危险因素。结论 安徽省成年居民CKD患病率较高,CKD与年龄、性别、BMI、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和高尿酸血症相关,应当注重相关危险因素的管控,包括超重/肥胖、高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常和高尿酸血症,预防CKD及其并发症。  相似文献   

5.
目的 了解中国老年人对结核病防治核心信息的知晓情况及其影响因素。方法 纳入2020年“十三五”全国结核病防治规划终期评估的知晓率专项调查中全部≥60岁老年人,获得有效调查问卷13 706份。采用多因素logistic回归分析老年人结核病防治核心信息知晓率的影响因素。结果 我国≥60岁老年人结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为78.4%,其中“肺结核的可疑症状”的知晓率最高(85.4%),“肺结核是否可以治好”的知晓率最低(65.3%),老年人结核病核心信息全部知晓率为41.3%,接受结核病健康教育比例为67.6%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,老年人结核病防治核心信息全部知晓率低的影响因素包括女性(OR=0.93,95%CI:0.86~1.00);70~岁(OR=0.91,95%CI:0.84~0.98)和≥80岁(OR=0.77,95%CI:0.68~0.87);少数民族(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.74~0.99);全部知晓率高的影响因素包括文化程度初中(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.34~1.58)、高中(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.45~1.81)、大专(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.11~1.68)和本科及以上(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.09~2.11);接受结核病健康教育(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.97~2.27)。结论 2020年我国≥60岁老年人对结核病防治核心信息总知晓率低于国家规划目标,应加大对女性、≥70岁、少数民族以及文化程度较低的老年人群结核病健康教育力度。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探讨吸烟和糖尿病与脑卒中的关系,分析两者对脑卒中的交互作用。方法 采用病例对照研究方法,通过调查问卷收集脑卒中患者及对照者的研究信息。以2013年徐州市慢性病危险因素调查发现的918例脑卒中患者作为病例组,同期参加慢性病危险因素调查相同例数的健康者作为对照组。采用非条件logistic回归模型分析吸烟和糖尿病与脑卒中的关系,通过Bootstrap法计算相对超额危险度比(RERI)、归因比(AP)和交互作用指数(S)以评价吸烟和糖尿病对脑卒中的相加交互作用。结果 吸烟与脑卒中有关联(OR=1.63,95%CI:1.33~2.00);糖尿病与脑卒中也有关联(OR=2.75,95%CI:2.03~3.73);吸烟和糖尿病同时存在时,与脑卒中关联增大(OR=8.94,95%CI:3.77~21.19)。吸烟和糖尿病对脑卒中的相加交互作用:S=3.65(95%CI:1.68~7.94),RERI=5.77(95%CI:0.49~11.04),AP=0.65(95%CI:0.42~0.87)。结论 吸烟和糖尿病对脑卒中具有交互作用,两因素同时存在时,对脑卒中的危害大于单因素的作用。  相似文献   

7.
目的 比较浙江省台州市海岛和山区≥45岁中老年社区人群衰弱现况及其相关因素。方法 基于横断面研究,采取分层整群抽样及配额抽样的方法。2022年7-8月在台州市沿海6个行政区和3个内陆行政区中各随机抽取1个行政区(椒江区和仙居县),作为两类地形代表地区。整群抽样纳入椒江区海岛所有≥45岁的常住人口,在仙居县山区按年龄和性别1∶1进行配额抽样,通过问卷调查和实验室检查收集其人口学特征、生活方式及健康状况相关数据,以Fried衰弱表型量表评估衰弱状况。采用分层分析和多元logistic回归分析海岛和山区研究对象衰弱的相关因素。结果 研究对象共1 011人,其中海岛和山区人群分别占48.1%(486/1 011),和51.9%(525/1 011);男性和女性分别占45.9%(464/1 011)和54.1%(547/1 011);45~、60~、≥75岁年龄组分别占38.6%(390/1 011)、44.6%(451/1 011)和16.8%(170/1 011)。研究对象的衰弱患病率为3.6%(36/1 011),男性和女性的衰弱率分别为3.7%(17/464)和3.5%(19/547)。45~、60~和≥75岁年龄组衰弱患病率分别为0.3%(1/390)、2.2%(10/451)、14.7%(25/170)。海岛的衰弱和衰弱前期患病率分别为6.0%(29/486)和39.1%(190/486),高于山区的1.3%(7/525)和30.9%(162/525)。调整潜在混杂因素后,海岛研究对象的衰弱患病风险显著高于山区(aOR=1.55,95%CI:1.07~2.25,P=0.019)。海岛研究对象的衰弱症状相关因素包括增龄(60~岁组:aOR=2.52,95%CI:1.56~4.13;≥75岁组:aOR=11.65,95%CI:5.38~26.70)、女性(aOR=1.94,95%CI:1.20~3.17)和抑郁(aOR=1.09,95%CI:1.02~1.17)。山区研究对象的衰老症状相关因素为增龄,但OR值低于海岛(60~岁组:aOR=1.74,95%CI:1.04~2.94;≥75岁组:aOR=4.78,95%CI:2.45~9.50)。山区研究对象的多重用药(aOR=2.08,95%CI:1.14~3.80)和抑郁(aOR=1.10,95%CI:1.02~1.18)与衰弱症状呈显著正相关;山区研究对象的文化程度与衰弱症状者显著负相关(初中:aOR=0.40,95%CI:0.21~0.75;高中/中专:aOR=0.29,95%CI:0.15~0.53;大专及以上:aOR=0.22,95%CI:0.11~0.42)。结论 台州市海岛中老年人群衰弱患病率显著高于山区,海岛和山区的衰弱相关因素存在差异。海岛≥75岁高龄老年人和女性的衰弱患病风险较高,增龄和抑郁是衰弱的独立危险因素。需关注海岛的健康危险因素及环境特殊性,采取综合干预措施,延缓衰弱进程,提高中老年人群生命质量。  相似文献   

8.
目的 了解山东省MSM的HIV暴露前后预防(PrEP/PEP)用药情况并分析相关因素,为PrEP/PEP工作的推广提供参考依据。方法 2022年4-7月在山东省7个城市监测哨点招募MSM进行问卷调查,每个城市样本量为400人。收集MSM社会人口学、性行为、PrEP/PEP用药等信息,并采集血标本做HIV和梅毒抗体检测。结果 研究对象MSM共2 815人,以≤30岁(55.7%,1 569/2 815)、未婚(68.6%,1 931/2 815)、大专及以上文化程度(56.5%,1 590/2 815)为主。PrEP用药者占9.2%(258/2 815);PEP用药者占10.8%(305/2 815)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,MSM中PrEP用药的可能性较高的相关因素包括年龄≤30岁(aOR=4.04,95%CI:1.25~13.01)、自我认知HIV感染风险较低(aOR=1.76,95%CI:1.16~2.68)、最近6个月发生群交行为(aOR=1.51,95%CI:1.10~2.09)、最近6个月发生同性商业性行为(aOR=1.69,95%CI:1.16~2.47)、使用新型毒品(aOR=1.53,95%CI:1.11~2.11)、接受同伴教育(aOR=1.56,95%CI:1.03~2.37)、知晓别人PrEP用药(aOR=3.29,95%CI:2.48~4.36)、HIV抗体阴性(aOR=8.40,95%CI:1.12~63.12);MSM中PrEP用药的可能性较低的相关因素为主要性伴为临时性伴(aOR=0.67,95%CI:0.49~0.90)。MSM中PEP用药的可能性较高的相关因素包括年龄<50岁(≤30岁:aOR=2.41,95%CI:1.02~5.69;31~49岁:aOR=3.33,95%CI:1.42~7.85)、自我认知无HIV感染风险(aOR=1.87,95%CI:1.12~3.11)、最近6个月发生群交行为(aOR=1.68,95%CI:1.23~2.29)、使用新型毒品(aOR=3.86,95%CI:2.94~5.07)以及未接受同伴教育(aOR=1.54,95%CI:1.12~2.12)。结论 山东省MSM的PrEP/PEP用药比例较高。应加强同伴教育和自我认知HIV风险教育,提高MSM中PrEP/PEP用药的使用率。  相似文献   

9.
目的 了解社区管理2型糖尿病患者的周围神经病变流行现况及其影响因素。方法 本研究基于"中国糖尿病足病预防模式项目"基线调查,采用二阶段整群随机抽样的方法抽取武汉市江岸区和江苏省常熟市社区管理的2型糖尿病患者2 528名,进行问卷调查、体格检查及血糖检测。采用非条件多因素logistic模型进行影响因素分析。结果 本次调查有效问卷共2 453份,有效调查率为97.0%,糖尿病患者的周围神经病变患病率为71.2%。多因素分析结果显示,年龄≥ 60岁(OR=2.39,95% CI:1.95~2.94)、糖尿病病程≥ 10年(OR=1.25,95% CI:1.02~1.54)和餐后2 h血糖控制不达标(OR=1.65,95% CI:1.33~2.04)是糖尿病周围神经病变的危险因素;文化程度较高是保护性因素,与小学及以下组相比,初中、高中/中专/技校、大专及以上组的糖尿病患者周围神经病变的OR值分别为0.52(95% CI:0.41~0.66)、0.59(95% CI:0.44~0.79)、0.64(95% CI:0.44~0.94)。结论 社区管理2型糖尿病患者的周围神经病变患病率高,年龄、糖尿病病程、餐后血糖控制不达标是糖尿病患者周围神经病变的危险因素,较高的文化程度是保护因素,在基层卫生服务机构开展糖尿病患者周围神经病变的筛查很有必要。同时,应加强对糖尿病患者的规范化管理和针对性的健康教育,以有效控制血糖和预防控制周围神经病变,早期预防糖尿病足病的发生。  相似文献   

10.
目的 了解膳食对社区管理2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者血糖控制的影响,为实施针对糖尿病患者的防治策略和措施提供依据。方法 于2015年在常熟市和武汉市随机抽取8个社区,对进行社区管理的T2DM患者进行问卷调查、身体测量和血糖检测。研究采用因子分析获得膳食模式。并分别以FPG、餐后2 h血糖控制是否达标为因变量,进行非条件多因素logistic回归分析影响因素。结果 最终共纳入1 818名T2DM患者,患者FPG控制率为57.59%(95%CI:55.30%~59.86%),餐后2 h血糖控制率为24.90%(95%CI:22.93%~26.91%);因子分析得到5种膳食模式:动物性食物模式、水果-水产-薯类模式、蔬菜-谷物模式、蛋-奶-豆模式和油盐模式。非条件多因素logistic回归分析显示,调整其他因素后,FPG达标概率降低与动物性食物模式(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.52~0.98)、水果-水产-薯类模式(OR=0.71,95%CI0.51~0.97)相关,餐后2 h血糖达标概率降低与水果-水产-薯类模式(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.40~0.90)相关,FPG和餐后2 h血糖达标概率增加均与蔬菜-谷物模式(OR=1.41,95%CI:1.03~1.94;OR=1.68,95%CI:1.13~2.51)、蛋-奶-豆模式(OR=1.75,95%CI:1.25~2.46;OR=1.56,95%CI:1.00~2.42)有关。与蛋-奶-豆模式Q4组相比,膳食模式组合(水果-水产-薯类模式Q4组、蔬菜-谷物模式Q2组、蛋-奶-豆模式Q3组)FPG控制达标可能性更高(OR=6.79,95%CI:1.15~40.23,P=0.035);与蔬菜-谷物模式Q4组相比,膳食模式组合(水果-水产-薯类模式Q4组、蔬菜-谷物模式Q3组、蛋-奶-豆模式Q2组、油盐模式Q2组)餐后2 h血糖控制达标可能性更高(OR=12.78,95%CI:1.26~130.05,P=0.031)。结论 搭配得当的膳食模式及膳食模式组合更有利于武汉市和常熟市社区管理T2DM患者的FPG和餐后2 h血糖控制,应加强患者营养教育,提高患者食物搭配能力。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.  相似文献   

14.
To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.  相似文献   

15.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

16.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

17.
18.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

19.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

20.
Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.  相似文献   

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