小鼠注射新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子的药代动力学

目的　研究新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子 (nrh TNFα)在小鼠体内的药代动力学 .方法　给小鼠按 10 ,2 0和 40μg·kg- 1 剂量 im nrh TNFα后 ,不同时间点采血 ,分离血清 ,采用高效液相色谱法 (HPL C)分离结合同位素法和酶联免疫法(EL ISA)测定血清中 nrh TNFα的浓度 .结果　小鼠 im后 ,nrh TNFα能迅速进入血液循环 ,约在 0 .5 h内达到最大血浓度 ,未降解的 nrh TNFα在体内的分布以肾脏最高 ,血液次之 ,其后为肺、肝 ,脑浓度最低 .消除半衰期 (T1 /2 )在 0 .6～ 1h.两种方法所得 Cmax和 AUC与剂量呈显著相关 .与 iv比较 ,im给药 nrh TNFα的绝对生物利用度仅为 0 .16 6 ,表明nrh TNFα在体内易代谢消除 .结论　阐明了 nrh TNFα原型药物在小鼠体内的药代动力学过程     

新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子在小鼠体内的药代动力学

目的　研究新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子 (nrh TNFα)在小鼠体内的药代动力学 .方法　采用 1 2 5I标记的 nrh TNFα同位素法 ,观察 im和 iv后的体内过程 .结果　按 10 ,2 0和 4 0μg· kg- 1 3个剂量给小鼠 im nrh TNFα后在 1～ 2 h达到峰浓度 ,总放射性在体内消除较快 ,t1 / 2 为 4 .7～ 6 .5 h,所得结果均证明 Cmax和 AU C与剂量呈显著相关 (r=0 .95 ) ,与 iv给药 (10μg· kg- 1 )的血药浓度进行绝对生物利用度试验 ,其 im给药生物利用度为 0 .80 3.nrh TNFα在体内的分布以肾含量最高 ,脑浓度最低 ,但都低于同时间的血药浓度 .按 10 μg·kg- 1 im给药后 ,用 RA法测定尿和粪 2 4 h放射性总量 ,尿中放射性回收率为 86 .8% ,粪中回收率为 9.5 % ,总排泄量达给药剂量的 96 .3% .结论　 nrh TNFα在小鼠的体内代动力学符合二室模型     

妊娠期高血压疾病患者血清IL-6、TNF-α检测

目的:探讨血清IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)在妊娠期高血压疾病发病中的作用。方法:应用放射免疫法分别测定26例重度子痫前期患者、27例轻度子痫前期患者及30例正常妊娠妇女血清中IL-6、TNF-α的含量。结果:子痫前期患者血清IL-6((220.08±31.82)ng·L-1)、TNFα((1.79±0.25)μg·L-1)水平均高于正常妊娠组((114.63±14.63)ng·L-1、(1.16±0.13)μg·L-1)(P<0.05)。重度子痫前期患者血清IL6((246.27±22.76)ng·L-1)、TNFα((1.99±0.17)μg·L-1)水平均高于轻度子痫前期者((199.13±20.79)ng·L-1、(1.60±0.14)μg·L-1)(P<0.05);轻度子痫前期患者血清中IL-6、TNF-α的表达高于正常妊娠组(P<0.05);血清中IL6、TNFα的表达与子痫前期的病情程度密切相关。结论:IL-6、TNF-α在妊娠期高血压疾病的发生、发展中起重要作用。     

糖皮质激素对原发性肾病综合征患者TNFα的影响

目的　观察原发性肾病综合征 (PNS)患者应用糖皮质激素 (以下简称激素 )前后血、尿 TNFα变化 .方法　检测了 40例 PNS患者激素治疗前及用激素后 1,2 ,4,8wk血、尿TNFα变化 ,并与 2 0例正常人血、尿 TNFα进行比较 .结果　PNS患者 40例治疗前血、尿 TNFα明显增高 (血正常 (6 8±19) (k U·L- 1 ) ,PNS(4 6 1± 36 2 ) (k U·L- 1 ) ,尿正常 0 / k U·L- 1 PNS (2 0 2± 147) (k U· L- 1 ) (P<0 .0 1) ,激素治疗后 31例患者显效 ,9例无效 ,显效率为 77.5 % .显效者血、尿 TNFα早期即开始下降 (血治疗前 (4 6 1± 36 2 ) (k U· L- 1 ) ,治疗后(2 80± 183) (k U· L- 1 ) ,尿治疗前 (2 0 2± 147) (k U· L- 1 ) ,治疗后 (12 9± 91) (k U· L- 1 ) ,P<0 .0 1) ,而激素治疗无效者血、尿 TNFα无明显变化 .结论　 TNFα参与原发性肾病综合征发病及疾病进展 ;激素治疗 PNS有效 ,其作用机制可能与其抑制 TNFα产生有关 ;血、尿 TNFα可作为判断激素疗效与预后的参考指标 .     

脓毒性休克对恒河猴血流动力学、器官损伤及细胞因子释放的影响

目的探讨在恒河猴脓毒性休克中的血流动力学、心肌损伤、肺损伤、细胞因子的变化．方法监测12只健康成年恒河猴的血流动力学、心肌损伤、肺损伤、细胞因子的相关指标．利用上述健康成年恒河猴制作脓毒性休克动物模型成功后再检测上述指标,前后2组数据进行对比分析．结果制模成功后恒河猴血流动力学参数：CVP、PAwP、CI、LVWI、RWI较前均有明显下降,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;SVR、PVR较前有下降,但结果无统计学差异（P〉O．05）;心肌损伤：制模成功后恒河猴心肌细胞结构出现不同程度损伤、Bmax、Kd值较前均有明显变化,结果有统计学差异（P〈O．05）;细胞因子：TNF-αRNA、TNF-α、TNF-1BRNA、TNF-1β有统计学差异（P〈O．05）,肺损伤：L-选择素、P-选择素有统计学差异（P〈O．05）．结论脓毒性休克可以造成恒河猴的血流动力学不稳定、心肌损伤、肺损伤及细胞因子的释放．     

99mTc标记法测定注射用脂质体包裹神经生长因子血药浓度及其药代动力学初步分析

目的　初步研究自制注射用脂质体包裹神经生长因子 (NGF)针在小鼠体内血药浓度及药代动力学。方法　将NGF用99mTc标记 ,利用同位素示踪法和SDS -PAGE电泳法测得NGF含量与放射性计数的线性关系 ,标记后的NGF用脂质体包裹后 ,静脉注射至小鼠体内 ,通过上述检测方法得到不同时段血浆中微量NGF浓度 ,使用 3P97软件分析药代动力学参数并初步分析组织分布。结果与结论　脂质体包裹99mTc -NGF针静脉注射后的小鼠体内代谢符合二隔室分布模型 ;按剂量 83 .5 μg/kg静脉注射后 ,测得t1 / 2α=0 .2 19h、t1 / 2 β=4.43h、AUC =182 .92 4ng·h·ml-1 。     

酶联免疫法研究注射用重组人胸腺肽α1的猕猴药动学

目的：研究猕猴单次sc重组人胸腺肽α1（rh-Tα1）的药动学。方法：6只猕猴单次sc rh-Tα1 350 μg/kg,采用酶联免疫分析检测（ELISA）法测定动物的血药浓度,实验数据用3P97药代软件拟合并计算药动学参数。结果：rh-Tα1在猕猴体内的消除符合一房室模型,6只动物的达峰时间（t_max）均为1.5 h,平均消除半衰期（t_1/2ke）为（2.9±0.8）h;峰浓度（C_max）均值为（297.0±43.3）ng/mL;平均清除率（CL）为（0.373±0.116）mL/（h·kg）;药时曲线下面积（AUC_0～24h）均值为（1 165±333）ng·h/mL。结论：血清样品经 5倍稀释后用ELISA方法能较准确测定猕猴血清中rh-Tα1的量。6只猕猴sc rh-Tα1后达峰时间一致且较短,主要药动学参数显示一定个体差异,但无明显性别差异。     

用唾液和血液比较研究得理多的药代动力学

目的　用唾液法和血液法比较得理多 (Tegretol)在人体内的药代动力学特征 ,动态观察唾液和血液药物浓度的相关性 .方法　以 HPL C法测定 8名健康志愿者口服 2 0 0 mgTegretol后的唾液和血液浓度 ,分别计算其药代动力学参数并进行统计学比较 .结果　唾液和血液中的 Tegretol药 -时曲线可用一室开放模型拟合 ,其峰浓度 (Cmax)分别为 (1.45± 0 .2 1)、(4 .2 1± 0 .85 ) mg· L- 1 ;达峰时间 (Tmax)分别为(6.2 5± 4.88)、(7.75± 1.75 ) h,吸收半衰期 (T1 / 2 ka)为 (1.45± 1.2 1)、(1.69± 1.18) h,消除半衰期 (T1 / 2 ke)为 (5 2 .43±19.90 )、(5 1.5 8± 9.5 7) h,曲线下面积 AU C为 (135 .91±16.81)、(34 1.86± 48.10 ) h· mg· L- 1 ,清除率 (CL /F)为(0 .0 15± 0 .0 0 5 )、(0 .0 13± 0 .0 0 2 ) (mg· kg- 1 ) /(mg· L- 1 ) ,唾液和血液药动学参数中的 Tmax,T1 / 2 ka,T1 / 2 ke和 CL /F无显著性差异 (P>0 .0 5 ) .Tegretol的唾液 /血液浓度比值 (S/P)平均为 0 .367± 0 .0 5 6,吸收相略高于消除相 ;服药 3～ 144 h的 Tegretol唾液和血液浓度的相关系数 (r)平均为 0 .90 5 .结论　 Tegretol的唾液和血液浓度在用药 3～ 144 h具有较高的相关性 ,这种相关性存在动态的平行关系 ;除 Cmax和AU     

188Re-HAb18 F(ab')2在荷瘤鼠体内的药代动力学

目的　研究 1 88Re标记的肝癌单抗片段 HAb18F(ab ) 2 在荷肝癌裸鼠体内的药代动力学 ,求取药代动力学参数 ,建立药代动力学模型 .方法　 5组裸鼠经尾静脉注入1.85 MBq1 88Re- HAb18F(ab ) 2 ,在不同时间点处死裸鼠 ,测量血及各脏器放射性计数 .用 3P97药代动力学软件处理 1 88Re- HAb18F(ab ) 2 给药后荷瘤鼠各时间点的血液放射性浓度及各主要脏器的放射性浓度 ,计算药代参数 .结果　 1 88Re-HAb18F(ab ) 2 在裸鼠体内药代动力学参数分别为 T1 /2 2 .2 9h,Vd1.49L,AUC2 0 .49× 10 9Bq· h· L- 1 ,CL 0 .45×10 - 3L· h- 1 .1 88Re- HAb18F(ab ) 2 特异性聚集于肿瘤中 ,在瘤体中以较高水平维持较长时间 ,在正常组织中代谢较快 ,主要从肾脏中排泄 .结论　 1 88Re- HAb18F(ab ) 2 在荷肝癌裸鼠体内药代动力学符合线性一室模型     

依替米星兔体肌内注射药代动力学

采用微量微生物法对依替米星兔体肌内注射药代动力学进行了研究，检测菌为短小芽胞杆菌。结果：兔体肌内注射依替米星１６ｍｇ／ｋｇ后，①药时曲线符合一房室开放模型；②达峰时间为（０６３±０１８）ｈ，峰浓度为（２４２０±４６４）ｍｇ／Ｌ，药时曲线下面积为（７６８４±１５６０）ｍｇ·ｈ·Ｌ－１，消除半衰期为（１９０±０４４）ｈ。以上结果为依替米星临床合理化用药提供了理论依据     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.