小鼠注射新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子的药代动力学

目的　研究新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子 (nrh TNFα)在小鼠体内的药代动力学 .方法　给小鼠按 10 ,2 0和 40μg·kg- 1 剂量 im nrh TNFα后 ,不同时间点采血 ,分离血清 ,采用高效液相色谱法 (HPL C)分离结合同位素法和酶联免疫法(EL ISA)测定血清中 nrh TNFα的浓度 .结果　小鼠 im后 ,nrh TNFα能迅速进入血液循环 ,约在 0 .5 h内达到最大血浓度 ,未降解的 nrh TNFα在体内的分布以肾脏最高 ,血液次之 ,其后为肺、肝 ,脑浓度最低 .消除半衰期 (T1 /2 )在 0 .6～ 1h.两种方法所得 Cmax和 AUC与剂量呈显著相关 .与 iv比较 ,im给药 nrh TNFα的绝对生物利用度仅为 0 .16 6 ,表明nrh TNFα在体内易代谢消除 .结论　阐明了 nrh TNFα原型药物在小鼠体内的药代动力学过程     

恒河猴肌注新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子的药代动力学

目的　研究新型重组人肿瘤坏死因子 (nrh TNFα)在恒河猴体内的药代动力学行为 .方法　采用 EL ISA法测定恒河猴 im nrh TNFα后的血药浓度 .结果　恒河猴按 40 μg·kg- 1 剂量 im nrh TNFα后 ,血液中的平均达峰时间为 1.7h;峰浓度的个体差异较大 ,范围为 5 75～ 112 0 ng· L- 1 ,平均峰浓度为 833ng· L- 1 ;药物在血液中的消除符合一房室模型 ,半衰期 T1 / 2 为 1.4～ 2 .4(平均 1.9) h.结论　 nrh TNFα im后 ,能被恒河猴吸入血 ,在血液中的消除符合一房室模型 ,在灵长类动物恒河猴的药代动力学行为与啮齿类动物小鼠的相类似 ,但吸收入血和消除均较小鼠的慢     

重组水蛭素在大鼠体内的药动学研究

目的研究重组水蛭素iv给药在大鼠体内的药动学。方法采用125-标记的放射性同位素法(RA法)、三氯醋酸沉淀结合放射性检测法(TCA-RA法)研究重组水蛭素iv给药在大鼠体内的药动学。结果大鼠iv0.5、1.0和2.0mg/kg重组水蛭素,以RA法检测,该药的消除半衰期(t1/2ke)分别为162.8、147.5和172.8min,AUC分别为264.9、429.9和1112.9(μg·min)/mL;以TCA-RA法检测,该药的t1/2ke分别为100、101和107min,AUC分别为160.7、327.7和551.3(μg·min)/mL。两种方法所得结果均证明AUC与剂量呈正相关,相关系数均大于0.99。大鼠iv重组水蛭素1.0mg/kg后用RA法和TCA-RA法测定不同组织的药物质量浓度,在各时间点以肾脏含药量显著高于其他组织,肺、胃、脾、心、肝、性腺等组织次之,脑、脂肪最少。大鼠iv重组水蛭素1.0mg/kg后,用RA法测定不同时间段内尿、粪的放射性总量,在96h内70.16%放射性从尿中回收,1.35%从粪中回收到,24h内胆汁排泄量为3.46%。结论RA法和TCA-RA法测得重组水蛭素在大鼠体内的药动学结果不同,但整体趋势一致;重组水蛭素主要由尿排泄。     

99mTc标记法测定注射用脂质体包裹神经生长因子血药浓度及其药代动力学初步分析

目的　初步研究自制注射用脂质体包裹神经生长因子 (NGF)针在小鼠体内血药浓度及药代动力学。方法　将NGF用99mTc标记 ,利用同位素示踪法和SDS -PAGE电泳法测得NGF含量与放射性计数的线性关系 ,标记后的NGF用脂质体包裹后 ,静脉注射至小鼠体内 ,通过上述检测方法得到不同时段血浆中微量NGF浓度 ,使用 3P97软件分析药代动力学参数并初步分析组织分布。结果与结论　脂质体包裹99mTc -NGF针静脉注射后的小鼠体内代谢符合二隔室分布模型 ;按剂量 83 .5 μg/kg静脉注射后 ,测得t1 / 2α=0 .2 19h、t1 / 2 β=4.43h、AUC =182 .92 4ng·h·ml-1 。     

仙人掌提取物对小鼠血糖的影响

目的 :探讨仙人掌水性和酸性提取物对小鼠血糖的影响。方法 :糖尿病小鼠造模成功后分为 5组 :仙人掌酸提物 2个剂量组 (0 .5g·kg-1·d-1和 1.0g·kg-1·d-1) ,水提物 2个剂量组和优降糖组 (2 0 0mg·kg-1·d-1)。正常小鼠灌注等量生理盐水作为正常对照。 6组小鼠均连续给药 2 1d后测血糖。结果 :给药后仙人掌酸提物 2个剂量组血糖均较给药前降低 (P均 <0 .0 5 ) ,2个剂量组间差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但 2组与优降糖组相比 ,P均 <0 .0 5 ;水提物 2个剂量组给药前后血糖无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :仙人掌酸提物有降血糖作用     

关附甲素代谢产物关附胺醇在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

目的:建立关附胺醇血药浓度的高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析方法,并探讨其在大鼠体内的药代动力学.方法:大鼠iv关附胺醇20 mg/kg后不同时间点采血,利用LC-MS法测定血药浓度,并用3P87软件求算其药代动力学参数.结果:关附胺醇浓度在0.05～20 μg/Ml范围内线性关系良好(r=0.998 9).绝对回收率大于80%,日内、日间RSD均小于15%.大鼠iv关附胺醇20 mg/kg后其主要动力学参数AUC、Vc、T1/2、CLs分别为(5.59±1.57) mg·h·L-1、(1.19±0.17) L·kg-1、(1.88±0.24) h、(3.81±1.02) L·kg-1·h-1.排泄试验结果表明,给药24 h后从尿中,胆汁中和粪便中排出的原型药物累计量分别相当于给药量的82.4%、7.5%、4.7%.结论:该法专属性强,灵敏度高,可用于关附胺醇的体内定量分析.该药在大鼠体内消除较快,主要以原型从尿中排出.     

异丙酚复合氯胺酮全麻诱导对血流动力学的影响

0　引言　我们观察氯胺酮对异丙酚静脉复合诱导时血流动力学的影响 ,并以芬太尼复合异丙酚全麻诱导做对照研究 .1　对象和方法1.1　对象　 30例 ASA ～ 级择期行全麻手术的患者 .男2 0例 ,女 10例 ,年龄 18～ 5 5岁 ,体质量 49～ 75 kg,随机分为两组 ,A组为异丙酚复合氯胺酮组 ,B组为异丙酚复合芬太尼组 ,每组 15例 .1.2　方法　术前 30 min im苯巴比妥钠 0 .1g,阿托品 0 .5mg. A组诱导为 iv异丙酚 2 mg· kg- 1 ,氯胺酮 1mg· kg- 1及维库溴胺 0 .1mg· kg- 1 . B组为 iv异丙酚 2 m g· kg- 1 ,芬太尼 2 μg· kg- 1 及维库溴胺 0 .1mg…     

盐酸克林沙星在大鼠体内药代动力学的研究

目的 :了解盐酸克林沙星 (clinafloxacin ,CF)在大鼠体内的吸收、分布、排泄过程。方法 :用高效液相色谱 紫外可见分光光度法 ,给大鼠灌胃 5、10、2 0mg·kg-1CF后 ,测定在不同时间各组织和体液中CF含量。结果和结论 :CF在大鼠体内药代动力学为一室模型 ,t1/2 为 2 .0 3～ 2 .17h ,达峰时间tmax为 1.0h ,Cmax和曲线下积分面积AUC均随剂量的升高线性增大。给药后CF在组织中广泛分布 ,但几乎不存在于脑和脂肪组织。尿、粪及胆汁中原形药物总排出量约为给药量的2 2 .1% ,其中给药 72h从尿排泄的原形药累积量相当于给药量的 2 0 .6%。在 0 .2～ 5 .0mg·L-1浓度范围内 ,CF血浆蛋白结合率为 90 .2 %～ 97.0 %。     

[1-~(14)C]-已酰乙醛亚硫酸氢钠在小鼠体内的药代动力学研究

用巳酰乙醛亚硫酸氢钠静注给药在小鼠体内作了药代动力学研究.结果表明:血药浓度改变符合开放式二房室模型;体内放射性分布广泛,给药4小时后大部分组织的放射性分布广泛,给药4小时后大部分组织的放射性巳降至较低水平,瘤组织的放射性分布较低,血清、尿和肝肾组织匀浆薄层层析(TLC)实验显示大部分血清的放射性来自原形药物,而尿的放射性来自代谢物;肝肾组织内放射性以代谢物为主,给药3小时从呼吸道以~(14)CO_2形式和24小时从尿排出的放射性分别占注入放射性总剂量的26。76％和14.60％.     

环磷酰胺对丁硫氨酸亚砜胺在大鼠体内的药代动力学影响

目的研究环磷酰胺 (CTX)对丁硫氨酸亚砜胺 (BSO)在SD大鼠体内的药代动力学的影响。　方法SD大鼠腹腔注射CTX 2 0mg/kg(用药组 )或生理盐水 (对照组 ) 4d后 ,静脉注射BSO 2 0 0mg/kg。以邻 -苯二甲醛(OPA)柱前衍生反相HPLC为检测手段 ,测定血浆中BSO的浓度。以 3P87软件对实验数据进行拟合 ,判断房室模型并计算药代动力学参数。　结果SD大鼠静脉注射BSO 2 0 0mg/kg ,体内的动力学过程为二室模型 ,T1/2α为 2 7.4±5 .3min ,T1/2 β为 15 9.3± 10 7.3min ,CLs 为 11.8± 2 .3ml·min-1·kg-1,AUC为 2 99.36± 5 0 .13μg·ml-1·h ;SD大鼠在用CTX后 ,BSO在其体内动力学特征也是二室模型 ,T1/2α为 2 5 .2± 2 .2min ,T1/2 β为 114 .3± 2 5 .9min ,CLs 为 13.8± 3.8ml·min-1·kg-1,AUC为 2 5 6 .5 5± 6 6 .2 8μg·ml-1·h。用药组和对照组的药代动力学参数无显著性差异。结论CTX不影响BSO在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…