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1.
目的 了解2015年我国≥ 35岁高血压患者的社区健康管理及高血压治疗控制情况并探索其影响因素。方法 利用2015年中国成人慢性病与营养监测项目收集的问卷调查及体格测量等信息,以乡镇卫生院(社区卫生服务中心)或以上级别医疗卫生机构医生诊断为高血压的≥ 35岁的患者为研究对象,对样本进行复杂加权后,分析其一般特征、高血压社区健康管理情况及高血压治疗控制情况。结果 共纳入高血压患者23 974名,经复杂加权后,我国≥ 35岁高血压患者的社区健康管理率为54.10%(95%CI:51.02%~57.17%),社区规范管理率为45.72%(95%CI:42.93%~48.51%);高血压治疗率为88.16%(95%CI:87.00%~89.31%),控制率为22.67%(95%CI:21.25%~24.09%),治疗控制率为27.76%(95%CI:26.09%~29.42%)。多因素分析结果显示,城市和农村年龄≥ 65岁(OR=1.40,95%CI:1.05~1.87;OR=3.11,95%CI:2.22~4.36)、按医嘱服药(OR=2.15,95%CI:1.46~3.15;OR=1.35,95%CI:1.13~1.62)、进行血压监测(OR=2.34,95%CI:1.88~2.90;OR=3.10,95%CI:2.72~3.53)的高血压患者更愿意接受高血压社区健康管理;文化程度大专及以上(OR=0.51,95%CI:0.39~0.66)、适量饮酒(OR=0.69,95%CI:0.57~0.84)或过量饮酒(OR=0.73,95%CI:0.58~0.92)的城市高血压患者接受社区高血压管理的情况不佳。城市和农村超重(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61~0.91;OR=0.83,95%CI:0.71~0.98)、肥胖(OR=0.54,95%CI:0.45~0.65;OR=0.67,95%CI:0.54~0.83)的高血压患者血压控制情况较差,按医嘱服药(OR=4.58,95%CI:3.16~6.63;OR=2.84,95%CI:2.18~3.69)的高血压患者的血压控制状况较好。地处中部(OR=0.74,95%CI:0.61~0.89)、过量饮酒(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.54~0.97)的城市高血压患者血压控制情况较差,合并其他慢性疾病(OR=1.22,95%CI:1.04~1.44)、参加高血压社区规范管理(OR=1.29,95%CI:1.06~1.58)的城市高血压患者血压控制情况较好;地处中、西部地区(OR=0.71,95%CI:0.58~0.87;OR=0.62,95%CI:0.47~0.80)、适量饮酒(OR=0.81,95%CI:0.67~0.98)、人均每日食盐摄入量>6 g (OR=0.80,95%CI:0.69~0.93)的农村高血压患者血压控制情况较差,进行血压监测(OR=1.38,95%CI:1.18~1.61)的农村高血压患者血压控制情况较好。结论 我国≥ 35岁高血压患者社区健康管理情况较之前有所改善,但是高血压控制情况距离相关政策指标还有一定差距。  相似文献   

2.
成年人睡眠状况与糖尿病患病关系的研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的 探讨成年人睡眠状况与糖尿病患病关系。方法 利用“中国慢性病前瞻性研究”苏州市项目点53 260名30~79岁常住居民基线调查数据,通过多因素logistic回归模型分析睡眠状况与糖尿病患病关系。结果 调查人群糖尿病患病率为5.3%,入睡困难、容易早醒和经常打鼾的比例分别为7.2%、10.0%和29.5%,22.6%的调查对象报告睡眠时间≤6 h。经多因素模型调整后,入睡困难(男性:OR=1.63,95%CI:1.30~2.05;女性:OR=1.48,95%CI:1.27~1.73)、容易早醒(男性:OR=1.37,95%CI:1.12~1.68;女性:OR=1.31,95%CI:1.14~1.51)和经常打鼾(男性:OR=1.16,95%CI:1.00~1.34;女性:OR=1.39,95%CI:1.23~1.57)均与糖尿病罹患风险存在关联。女性服用助眠药物与糖尿病的患病相关(OR=1.42,95%CI:1.06~1.92)。与睡眠时间8 h相比,睡眠时间不足(≤6 h)与男女性糖尿病患病均存在统计学关联,OR值分别为1.37(95%CI:1.17~1.60)和1.24(95%CI:1.08~1.41),睡眠时间过长(≥9 h)与糖尿病未见统计学关联。结论 睡眠问题(入睡困难、容易早醒、药物助眠、经常打鼾和睡眠时间不足)与糖尿病患病风险密切相关,睡眠时间过长与糖尿病患病未见统计学关联。  相似文献   

3.
目的 了解天津市中老年社区居民性活跃现状及其相关因素。方法 2020年6月至2022年12月,通过多阶段抽样方法,对天津市≥50岁中老年社区居民开展横断面调查。样本量估计数为735名。通过调查员面对面收集问卷,包括社会人口学特征、健康特征以及性生活方式有关特征等相关信息。采用多因素logistic回归模型分析性活跃状态的相关因素。结果 共纳入776名研究对象(男性和女性分别为510名和266名),年龄以50~59岁(45.9%)为主。总体性活跃率为45.6%。年龄更大(60~69岁:aOR=0.67,95%CI:0.45~0.99;≥70岁:aOR=0.12,95%CI:0.07~0.21)、男性(aOR=1.93,95%CI:1.32~2.82)、城镇居民(aOR=0.18,95%CI:0.12~0.28)、同居/已婚(aOR=2.80,95%CI:1.41~5.58)、独居(aOR=0.51,95%CI:0.27~0.96)、爬楼或行走困难(aOR=0.55,95%CI:0.31~0.97)、现患慢性病(1种:aOR=0.55,95%CI:0.36~0.85;≥2种:aOR=0.53,95%CI:0.33~0.84)与性活跃状态有关。结论 相当比例的中老年社区居民仍然保持性活跃。身体健康状况与中老年社区居民的性活跃状态存在关联。应将性健康服务纳入中老年社区居民卫生保健服务范围,加强社区卫生服务人员的性健康相关服务意识和技能。  相似文献   

4.
目的 了解中国老年人对结核病防治核心信息的知晓情况及其影响因素。方法 纳入2020年“十三五”全国结核病防治规划终期评估的知晓率专项调查中全部≥60岁老年人,获得有效调查问卷13 706份。采用多因素logistic回归分析老年人结核病防治核心信息知晓率的影响因素。结果 我国≥60岁老年人结核病防治核心信息总知晓率为78.4%,其中“肺结核的可疑症状”的知晓率最高(85.4%),“肺结核是否可以治好”的知晓率最低(65.3%),老年人结核病核心信息全部知晓率为41.3%,接受结核病健康教育比例为67.6%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,老年人结核病防治核心信息全部知晓率低的影响因素包括女性(OR=0.93,95%CI:0.86~1.00);70~岁(OR=0.91,95%CI:0.84~0.98)和≥80岁(OR=0.77,95%CI:0.68~0.87);少数民族(OR=0.85,95%CI:0.74~0.99);全部知晓率高的影响因素包括文化程度初中(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.34~1.58)、高中(OR=1.62,95%CI:1.45~1.81)、大专(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.11~1.68)和本科及以上(OR=1.52,95%CI:1.09~2.11);接受结核病健康教育(OR=2.13,95%CI:1.97~2.27)。结论 2020年我国≥60岁老年人对结核病防治核心信息总知晓率低于国家规划目标,应加大对女性、≥70岁、少数民族以及文化程度较低的老年人群结核病健康教育力度。  相似文献   

5.
中国成年人糖尿病前期发病状况及其影响因素研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的 了解我国成年人糖尿病前期的发病状况及其影响因素。方法 基于2010年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测调查数据,从中抽取10省份,再从每省份中选择2个监测点作为随访点,于2016-2017年进行随访调查。采用非条件logistic回归模型分析糖尿病前期的影响因素。结果 本研究纳入5 578人,随访期间糖耐量受损(IGT)发生612人(男性268人,女性344人),总计随访37 364.82人年,IGT发病率为16.4/1 000人年;空腹血糖受损(IFG)发生290人(男性128人,女性162人),总计随访39 731.31人年,IFG发病率为7.3/1 000人年。多因素非条件logistic回归模型纳入年龄、城乡、糖尿病家族史、BMI、中心性肥胖、血脂异常、高血压以及身体活动水平,结果显示,年龄≥50岁(OR=1.60,95%CI: 1.32~1.95)、城市居民(OR=1.41,95%CI: 1.16~1.71)、肥胖(OR=1.56,95%CI: 1.12~2.19)、血脂异常(OR=1.52,95%CI: 1.25~1.83)、高血压(OR=1.32,95%CI: 1.07~1.61)以及身体活动不足(OR=1.25,95%CI: 1.04~1.50)是IGT发病的危险因素;年龄≥50岁(OR=1.31,95%CI: 1.01~1.70)、糖尿病家族史(OR=1.71,95%CI: 1.13~2.60)、超重(OR=1.41,95%CI: 1.04~1.92)、肥胖(OR=2.09,95%CI: 1.38~3.17)以及高血压(OR=1.53,95%CI: 1.18~2.00)是IFG发病的危险因素。结论 相比IFG,IGT发病率较高。年龄≥50岁者、超重/肥胖人群、高血压患者、血脂异常者、身体活动不足者以及有糖尿病家族史者易发生糖尿病前期。  相似文献   

6.
男男性行为人群HIV暴露后预防服务的使用意愿调查   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
目的 分析MSM对HIV暴露后预防(PEP)服务的使用意愿及其相关因素。方法 采用横断面调查方法,2019年9-11月通过“i卫士”微信公众号招募年龄≥18岁、最近6个月发生同性肛交或口交的男性为研究对象。结果 研究对象MSM共1 517人,听说过PEP服务的研究对象占72.5%(1 100/1 517),PEP服务的使用意愿为87.9%(1 333/1 517)。多因素logistic分析结果显示,更愿意使用PEP服务的因素包括年龄>25岁(OR=1.807,95%CI:1.090~2.995)、曾经做过HIV检测(OR=1.953,95%CI:1.171~3.256)、至少了解1条PEP知识(OR=2.163,95%CI:1.468~3.186);不了解性伴HIV感染状况者(OR=0.602,95%CI:0.407~0.890)的PEP服务的使用意愿较低。在听说过PEP服务的MSM中,更愿意使用PEP服务的因素包括居住地为浙江省(OR=1.942,95%CI:1.097~3.438)、年龄>25岁(OR=2.431,95%CI:1.331~4.439)、至少了解1条PEP知识(OR=3.714,95%CI:1.532~9.007)、通过MSM社区组织/志愿者/卫生专业机构了解PEP服务(OR=1.902,95%CI:1.096~3.301)。结论 MSM对PEP服务的使用意愿较高,年龄、PEP知识、是否了解性伴HIV感染状况是其相关因素。MSM社区组织、志愿者及卫生专业机构是开展PEP服务宣传和推广的重要途径。  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨陕西省单胎活产新生儿早产发生率及母亲既往生育史与其的相关性。方法 采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,以问卷调查方式收集2010-2013年陕西省怀孕且其结局明确的育龄妇女生育史等相关信息。结果 共调查29 608名育龄妇女及其子女,活产单胎新生儿早产发生率为2.7%。logistic回归分析显示,早产史(OR=7.99,95%CI:5.59~11.43)、末次妊娠年龄≥35岁(OR=2.03,95%CI:1.59~2.59)、出生缺陷史(OR=1.54,95%CI:1.01~2.34)是发生早产的危险因素。妊娠间隔3~4年(与妊娠间隔≤2年者比,OR=0.74,95%CI:0.58~0.93)、妊娠间隔5~6年(与妊娠间隔≤2年者比,OR=0.66,95%CI:0.52~0.82)、妊娠间隔>6年(与妊娠间隔≤2年者比,OR=0.48,95%CI:0.37~0.61)、生产次数1次(与初产者比,OR=0.80,95%CI:0.67~0.95)、生产次数≥2次(与初产者比,OR=0.62,95%CI:0.39~0.97)是早产的保护因素。有序多分类logistic回归分析显示,影响孕周长短的主要因素是早产史、高龄妊娠(≥35岁)及妊娠间隔时间。结论 2010-2013年陕西省单胎活产新生儿早产发生率低于全国平均水平。有早产史、高龄妊娠(≥35岁)、出生缺陷史可能增加早产发生风险;妊娠间隔长、分娩次数多可能降低早产发生风险。  相似文献   

8.
目的 了解颈动脉斑块(CP)在江苏省心血管病高危人群中的流行概况及相关影响因素。方法 2015-2016年依托中国心血管病高危人群早期筛查与综合干预项目,以江苏省6个项目点筛查出的11 392名心血管病高危人群作为研究对象,进行问卷调查、身体测量、实验室检测以及颈动脉彩色超声检测,探讨CP的流行概况,对CP发生的影响因素进行多因素logistic回归分析。结果 研究对象年龄为(59.4±8.9)岁,男性4 821例(42.3%)。颈动脉异常5 971例(52.4%),其中颈动脉内中膜增厚1 782例(15.6%),CP 3 811例(33.5%),颈动脉狭窄378例(3.3%)。高龄(OR=2.253,95%CI:2.127~2.386)、城市居民(OR=2.622,95%CI:2.375~2.895)、高血压(OR=1.439,95%CI:1.195~1.732)、吸烟(OR=1.441,95%CI:1.259~1.650)、脉压差增大(OR=1.270,95%CI:1.198~1.347)、FPG升高(OR=1.109,95%CI:1.059~1.161)、LDL-C/HDL-C升高(OR=1.225,95%CI:1.164~1.288)增加心血管病高危人群发生CP的风险,女性(OR=0.558,95%CI:0.494~0.630)、高BMI(OR=0.948,95%CI:0.904~0.994)、较高的文化程度(OR=0.708,95%CI:0.531~0.945)和较高的家庭年收入(OR=0.773,95%CI:0.669~0.894)则降低其风险。结论 江苏省超一半心血管病高危人群颈动脉异常,高血压、高血糖、高血脂和吸烟是相关影响因素。  相似文献   

9.
目的 调查成都市MSM对3种类型HIV暴露前预防用药(PrEP)的使用意愿及影响因素。方法 2021年11月至2022年1月,依靠成都同乐健康咨询服务中心招募793名研究对象。收集社会人口学特征、最近6个月性行为发生情况、PrEP污名、HIV预期污名、MSM内化污名和3种类型PrEP的使用意愿。采用单因素和多因素logistic回归模型分析3种类型PrEP使用意愿的影响因素。结果 在793名研究对象中,按需口服药物的使用意愿较高(68.3%)。较高文化程度和多性伴均会促进口服类PrEP的使用意愿,较高文化程度[与初中及以下相比,高中/中专(aOR=2.43,95%CI:1.13~5.21)、大专(aOR=2.67,95%CI:1.27~5.61)、大学本科(aOR=3.21,95%CI:1.52~6.74)、硕士研究生及以上(aOR=3.77,95%CI:1.54~9.26)]、多性伴(aOR=1.54,95%CI:1.12~2.11)均与每天口服1粒药物呈正相关。较高的HIV预期污名对3种类型PrEP使用意愿均呈正相关:每天口服1粒药物(aOR=1.07,95%CI:1.02~1.12)、按需口服药物(aOR=1.09,95%CI:1.03~1.15)、每隔8周注射1次药物(aOR=1.06,95%CI:1.01~1.11)。结论 成都市MSM的PrEP整体使用意愿较高,推广PrEP有较高的可行性。未来应加强对该人群HIV和PrEP相关知识的宣传教育,提高认知水平,引导MSM树立正确的PrEP使用动机。  相似文献   

10.
目的 了解重庆市≥50岁男性HIV感染者的艾滋病知识知晓情况及非婚性行为现状,为制定疫情防控措施提供科学依据。方法 采用横断面研究,于2021年7-12月,在重庆市渝北区、开州区、江津区和沙坪坝区招募≥50岁男性HIV感染者进行面对面问卷调查,样本量800例。采用logistic回归模型分析研究对象艾滋病知识知晓与最近1年非婚性行为的相关因素。使用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 在≥50岁男性HIV感染者698例中,年龄(62.5±8.6)岁。艾滋病知识总体知晓率为66.91%(467/698),最近1年发生非婚性行为的比例为6.73%(47/698),安全套坚持使用率为61.70%(29/47)。多因素logistics回归分析结果显示,年龄≥70岁(aOR=0.60,95%CI:0.40~0.91)、年龄≥60岁(aOR=0.61,95%CI:0.41~0.90)和丧偶/离异/未婚者(aOR=0.70,95%CI:0.50~0.98)艾滋病知识知晓率较低;初中及以上文化程度者(aOR=5.90,95%CI:3.34~10.44)艾滋病知识知晓率较高。丧偶/离异/未婚者(aOR=13.01,95%CI:6.11~27.71)和最近1年使用过助性剂者(aOR=8.72,95%CI:2.76~27.55)发生非婚性行为的比例较高。结论 重庆市≥50岁男性HIV感染者艾滋病知识知晓率较低,存在一定比例的非婚性行为,安全套使用率较低。建议加强性健康知识教育,持续推广使用安全套。  相似文献   

11.
Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.  相似文献   

12.
This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.  相似文献   

13.
Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.  相似文献   

14.
To understand geographic variation in travel-related illness acquired in distinct African regions, we used the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network database to analyze records for 16,893 ill travelers returning from Africa over a 14-year period. Travelers to northern Africa most commonly reported gastrointestinal illnesses and dog bites. Febrile illnesses were more common in travelers returning from sub-Saharan countries. Eleven travelers died, 9 of malaria; these deaths occurred mainly among male business travelers to sub-Saharan Africa. The profile of illness varied substantially by region: malaria predominated in travelers returning from Central and Western Africa; schistosomiasis, strongyloidiasis, and dengue from Eastern and Western Africa; and loaisis from Central Africa. There were few reports of vaccine-preventable infections, HIV infection, and tuberculosis. Geographic profiling of illness acquired during travel to Africa guides targeted pretravel advice, expedites diagnosis in ill returning travelers, and may influence destination choices in tourism.  相似文献   

15.
Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).  相似文献   

16.

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.  相似文献   

17.
18.
深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.  相似文献   

19.
Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO2. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO2 at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO2 gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2 also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO2.  相似文献   

20.
Two hazard risk assessment matrices for the ranking of occupational health risks are described. The qualitative matrix uses qualitative measures of probability and consequence to determine risk assessment codes for hazard-disease combinations. A walk-through survey of an underground metalliferous mine and concentrator is used to demonstrate how the qualitative matrix can be applied to determine priorities for the control of occupational health hazards. The semi-quantitative matrix uses attributable risk as a quantitative measure of probability and uses qualitative measures of consequence. A practical application of this matrix is the determination of occupational health priorities using existing epidemiological studies. Calculated attributable risks from epidemiological studies of hazard-disease combinations in mining and minerals processing are used as examples. These historic response data do not reflect the risks associated with current exposures. A method using current exposure data, known exposure-response relationships and the semi-quantitative matrix is proposed for more accurate and current risk rankings.  相似文献   

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