腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术108例分析

目的 报道108例腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术手术资料及术后并发症、性功能、控尿功能和肿瘤根治情况.方法 2002年12月至2007年5月,108例膀胱癌患者施行了腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术,其中男96例,女12例.采用5孔经腹入路,首先进行完全腹腔镜下标准的双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫及根治性膀胱切除,然后行体外回肠新膀胱的构建和输尿管新膀胱吻合,最后在腹腔镜下进行新膀胱尿道吻合,其中26例患者施行保留勃起神经步骤.结果 平均手术时间为330 min,出血量为320 ml,无中转开放手术.无围手术期死亡,手术并发症发生率为18.5%,所有患者手术切缘均为阴性.术后6个月日间尿控率90.7%,夜间尿控率82.6%.术后6个月,26例行保留勃起神经患者中10例有性功能.术后随访1～53个月,局部肿瘤复发5例,套管穿刺口种植转移1例,远处转移6例,随访期间死亡11例.结论 腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术是可行的,具有低并发症和较好的新膀胱功能.     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除及回肠原位新膀胱术（附9例报告）

目的总结腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加回肠原位新膀胱术的经验。方法对9例膀胱癌患者施行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除及回肠原位新膀胱术,采用完全腹腔镜下标准的双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫加根治性膀胱切除,然后体外行回肠新膀胱构建和输尿管新膀胱吻合,最后在腹腔镜下行新膀胱尿道吻合。结果9例手术均成功,无中转开腹,无围手术期死亡,平均手术时间为370min,平均出血量为650ml,所有患者手术切缘均为阴性。术后9例日间尿控均良好,2例存在夜间尿失禁。术后随访2—8个月,1例出现新膀胱腹壁瘘,1例发生新膀胱前假性尿液囊肿,2例出现肾盂肾炎。结论腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加回肠原位新膀胱术具有切口小、损伤少、疼痛轻、出血少、术后恢复快等优势,将成为肌层浸润性膀胱癌的标准手术方式。     

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder in the female: report of 14 cases

Background Bladder carcinoma is the most common malignant urological tumor in China. We present our preliminary experience and results of laparoscopic radical cystectomy （LRC） with orthotopic ileal neobladder in female patients with bladder carcinoma.
Methods From February 2003 to February 2008, 14 female patients with bladder carcinoma underwent LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder. Nine of these patients underwent hysterectomy and ovariectomy, and the other 5 had preservation of the uterus and ovarian appendage. Standard bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was followed by radical cystectomy that was completed laparoscopically with hysterectomy and ovariectomy when needed. The tumor was removed by a 4-5 cm lower midline abdominal incision, followed by the construction of ileal neobladder and the extracorporeal anastomosis of ureter-neobladder. The neobladder was anastomosed to the urethral stump under a laparoscope.
Results The mean operative time and blood loss in the 14 patients were 350.2 minutes and 349.8 ml, respectively. Postoperative complications included uretero-pouch anastomotic stricture in 1 patient and pouch-vaginal fistula in 1 patient. Follow-up time of all patients ranged from 3 to 60 months, and 12 patients were followed up for more than 6 months and achieved micturition in half a year. One patient had occasional day-time urinary incontinence and 2 had night-time incontinence. Two patients who had undergone hystectomy and ovariectomy had voiding difficulties after one year, which was treated by intermittent self-catheterization. The mean volume of the neobladder and the residual urine were 333.6 ml and 31.2 ml, respectively. Surgical margins were tumor free for all patients. One patient had bone metastasis and died 11 months after the operation.
Conclusions LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder in female patients is a technically feasible, safe and mini-invasive procedure with a low morbidity and acceptable neobladder function. Long-term follow-up is required to confirm the neobladder func     

腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位乙状结肠代膀胱术(附12例报告)

目的:探讨腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位乙状结肠代膀胱手术的方法与治疗效果。方法:对12例浸润性膀胱癌患者采用腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术,前列腺切除或子宫次全切除。经腹壁造口取出切除物,行乙状结肠去带原位新膀胱术。结果:12例手术成功,手术时间5~10 h,平均6.5 h;出血量200~1 000 ml,平均387 ml,代膀胱充盈良好,容量约300 ml,术后4~6周患者恢复控尿功能,无排尿困难及尿失禁。结论:腹腔镜下行膀胱全切除视野清晰,可减少出血,缩短手术时间。     

腹腔镜下膀胱前列腺全切除-原位回肠新膀胱术初步报告

【目的】探讨腹腔镜下膀胱前列腺全切除-原位回肠新膀胱手术方法。【方法】为4例52～65岁男性膀胱癌患者施行了手术。采用5个套管针,腹腔镜由脐上或脐下套管针进入,手术者经左侧2个套管针操作,助手经右侧2个套管针操作。游离输精管、精囊,剪开狄氏筋膜分离前列腺后面;游离输尿管下段在其末端切断;剪开前腹壁腹膜反折,游离膀胱前壁;缝扎阴茎背深静脉复合体;游离膀胱侧韧带及前列腺侧韧带;在结扎线近端剪断阴茎背深静脉复合体,紧贴前列腺尖端离断尿道;下腹正中耻骨上作6cm切口,取出切除的膀胱前列腺,将回肠拉出切口外,隔离50cm回肠剖开后“M”形折叠形成贮尿囊,将输尿管末段1cm插入贮尿囊后顶部作吻合,贮尿囊最低位开口与尿道断端6针吻合。【结果】手术时间平均约为8h,出血量平均为650mL。术后3周作腹部平片、静脉尿路造影,以及新膀胱造影检查,显示:新膀胱充盈良好,容量约300mL,无输尿管返流及梗阻,所有患者术后1个月内恢复控尿功能。无排尿困难及残余尿。【结论】腹腔镜下切除膀胱前列腺视野清楚,可减少出血,避免尿道括约肌损伤,保留神经血管束;可减少肠管暴露时间,有利用术后肠道功能恢复,减少肠粘连。作一小切口取出膀胱前列腺,并将肠管拉出体外形成贮尿囊,可大大缩减手术时间。回肠作贮尿囊有取材容易     

腹腔镜与开放膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术的近期疗效比较

目的研究比较腹腔镜与开放性膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱癌的近期疗效。方法回顾分析我院施行的40例膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术患者的临床资料,根据手术方式不同分为腹腔镜组18例和开放组22例。比较两种术式的围术期情况、术后并发症、新膀胱功能及肿瘤控制效果等指标。结果腹腔镜组18例手术均获得成功,无中转开放。腹腔镜组平均手术时间明显长于开放组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术中平均出血量、平均肠道功能恢复时间、平均住院时间明显少于开放组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔镜组术后并发症发生率较低(P<0.05)。新膀胱功能在膀胱容积、膀胱内压、最大尿流率及残余尿方面无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后12个月日间/夜间尿控率相当(P>0.05)。随访12～24个月,开放组1例尿道复发,腹腔镜组无肿瘤复发及转移。结论腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术不仅具有出血少,肠道功能恢复快,住院时间短、并发症少等优点,而且术后控尿效果及近期肿瘤根治效果与开放手术相当,但手术时间仍较长,远期肿瘤根治效果需要进一步随诊观察。     

T型原位回肠膀胱重建术的疗效观察

目的评估T型原位回肠膀胱重建术在膀胱癌治疗中的疗效。方法回顾性分析本院2004年3月～2012年3月间膀胱全切加T型原位回肠膀胱重建术患者的临床资料,通过随访统计手术时间、尿控及性功能情况、尿动力学检查、并发症发生率,评估此术式的有效性。结果此术式手术时间为（120～205）min,平均（145．5±1O．5）min;术后患者均用腹压排尿,白天尿失禁发生率为10％,夜间尿失禁发生率为5．7％;新膀胱容量从术后6个月的平均（270±15）mL增加到术后9个月的平均（418±27）mL,最大尿流率从术后3个月的平均（11．2±2．4）mL／s增加到术后9个月时的平均（17．9±1．3）mL／s,残余尿量从术后3个月时的平均（40±1）mL减少到术后9个月时的平均（21±2）mL;膀胱尿道吻合处狭窄发生率为3．6％。回肠新膀胱多发结石发生率为5．5％;无肾积水、输尿管反流及肿瘤远处转移等。结论作为可控性尿流改道方式,T型原位回肠膀胱重建术并发症少、尿控率高,在膀胱癌治疗中具有良好疗效。     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除并去带乙状结肠新膀胱术(附26例报告)

目的 介绍腹腔镜下全膀胱切除、去带乙状结肠新膀胱术的经验。方法 对2002年7月~2004年9月间26例膀胱癌患者的临床资料进行总结与分析。结果 26例患者的手术时间为240~390min,其中腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术120~270min。腹腔镜手术中及术后未见明显出血,出血量<200ml。开放性原位新膀胱术出血量400~800ml,输浓缩红细胞0~4个单位。术后4~8d恢复饮食,3~8周拔除输尿管支架管,4周拔除尿管。术后3个月患者白天可完全控制排尿,8例夜间偶有尿失禁。结论 腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治切除术创伤小、出血少、恢复快,是全膀胱切除手术中的一种很有前景的方法。全去带可控性乙状结肠新膀胱术具有手术操作简单、需用肠段短、贮尿囊在原位、尿液自尿道可控排出、术后并发症少等优点,具有较好的应用价值。     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除并去带乙状结肠新膀胱术（附26例报告）

OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with intracorporeal laparoscopic radical cystectomy and sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction. METHODS: The clinical data of 26 cases of bladder carcinoma treated with the indicated surgical procedures were reviewed. RESULTS: The surgeries were successful in all the cases with the operating time ranging from 240 to 390 min, blood loss of 400 to 800 ml and red-cell transfusion of 0-4 U. Oral food intake was allowed 4-8 days after the operation, ureteral stents were removed in weeks 3 to 8 and the pouch catheter was removed in week 4 postoperatively. Daytime urinary continence was excellent and urinary incontinence at night occurred in 8 patients 3 months after the operation. CONCLUSION: Sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction can be effective for urinary diversion to ensure good quality of life of the patients.     

Orthotopic ileal neobladder similar to original bladder

Objective To report the surgical techniques and results of an 8-year follow-up study of 42 patients with a modified orthotopic ileal neobladder restoring normal anatomical relationship. Methods Total cystoprostatectomy was performed extraperitoneally. A 45-50 cm segment of the ileal loop was isolated, detubularized, and reconfigured into an “M”-shape to form a pouch. Bilateral ureters were implanted by inserting 1 cm distal segment into the pouch. The bottom of pouch was opened and anastomosed with the urethra. Results Forty-two patients were followed up for 6 to 96 months,90.5% of whom were continent in the daytime, and 85.7% at night. Two patients had a difficulty in urination. The average volume of the pouch was （361±48） ml at 12 months postoperation. Urodynamic examination showed the average peak voiding pressure was （86.8±21.4） cmH2O. The average maximum flow rate (Qmax) was （18.4±6.1） ml/s. No remarkable ureter reflux and obstruction were found. No patient was detected to have urethral carcinoma.Conclusions Extraperitoneal cystectomy can avoid the tumor contamination of the abdomen and intestinal interference of the operative field. The ureter-inserting implantation technique is a simple anti-reflux anastomosis method with less ureter stenosis rate. Isolating the neobladder and ureters from the peritoneal cavity can reduce the postoperative complications, such as adhesive ileus, internal hernia, and urine leakage into the peritoneal cavity. The neobladder is similar to the original bladder in position, volume, shape and anti-reflux ureter connection.     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位T型回肠新膀胱重建的临床观察

目的 总结13例腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除、标准淋巴结清扫加T型原位回肠新膀胱重建的经验,评价此术式肿瘤学结果与功能性结果.方法 2005年8月至2009年7月,对首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院13例肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤患者实施腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加下腹壁小切口行原位T型回肠新膀胱重建术,对手术时间、淋巴结数量、围手术期并发症、出血量、输血量、生存率、上尿路形态与功能、控尿情况进行分析.结果 平均手术时间为6 (5～8) h,平均出血量为480(100～800)ml,平均输血量133(0～400)ml,平均清扫淋巴结数16(8～22)个,无围手术期死亡,围手术期并发症发生率为15.4% (2/13).术后3周行膀胱造影检查,未发现明显造影剂外溢及反流.患者日间完全控尿率达84.6%(11/13);夜间完全控尿率为46.1%(6/13),夜间仅需要1块尿垫者占30.8%(4/13).上尿路检查提示,23.1%(3/13)术后45 d内出现双侧肾盂及输尿管的轻度暂时性扩张,但肾功能保持正常.随访24(16～63)个月,7.7% (1/13)于术后55个月死于急性心肌梗死,92.3%(12/13)无复发生存.结论 腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除、标准淋巴结清扫加下腹壁小切口行T型原位回肠新膀胱重建术取得了满意的肿瘤学与功能性结果;T型原位新膀胱输入袢的抗反流效果令人满意,能够充分保护上尿路形态与功能.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the preliminary experiences of 13 cases of laparoscopic radical cystectomy and construction of orthotopic T pouch ileal neobladder and evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of this procedure. Methods From August 2005 through July 2009, 13 patients underwent radical cystectomy and standard lymphadenectomy followed by construction of orthotopic T pouch ileal neobladder via mini-laparostomy for muscular invasive bladder cancer. The data were analyzed according to procedure time, blood loss volume, transfusion volume, number of dissected lymph nodes, peri-operative complications, morphology and function of upper urinary tract and status of urinary continence. Results The mean operating duration was 6 (5-8) hours, estimated volume of blood loss 480 (100-800) ml, transfusion volume 133 (0-400) ml and the number of dissected lymph nodes 16 (8-22). There was no peri-operative mortality. The peri-operative complications were found in 15.4% (2/13) and included urine leak at neobladder-urethra junction managed by drainage (n=1) and urine leak at ureter-neobladder junction repaired (n=1). The complete daytime continence rate was 84.6%(11/13), complete nocturnal continence rate 46.1% (6/13) and <1 pad in 30.8% (4/13). No reflux into afferent limb of neobladder was observed by cystography. Temporary dilation of upper urinary tract was observed in 23.1% (3/13) at Day 45 post-operation and later it disappeared spontaneously. Serum creatinine remained in a normal range in all patients. Within a follow-up of 24 (16-63) months, 7.7% (1/13) died of myocardial infarction at Month 55 post-operation. And 92.3% (12/13) survived without a local relapse or a distal metastasis. Conclusion Within an intermediate follow-up period, the oncological and functional outcomes are encouraging after laparoscopic radical cystectomy and construction of orthotopic T pouch ileal neobladder via mini-laparostomy. The anti-reflux mechanism is effective to preserve the morphology and function of upper urinary tract.     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的早期临床应用（附15例报告）

目的：探讨腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的临床价值。方法：对具有手术指征的15例膀胱癌患者施行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术治疗。常规建立5个工作通道,在腹腔镜下行双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫及膀胱全切除,自下腹切口取出标本。4例行回肠膀胱术,11例行原位回肠新膀胱术。观察手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、术后肠道功能恢复、尿外渗、尿瘘及术后腹腔并发症发生以及手术后效果。结果：15例手术成功。腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除手术时间150～300 min;腹腔镜下新膀胱与后尿道吻合手术时间30～100 min;手术总时间300～660 min,术中出血500～1 200 mL;术中输血0～800 mL。2例术后出现急迫性尿失禁,经锻练后控尿满意;其余患者恢复良好。无腹腔并发症发生。结论：腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术具有创伤小、术中操作精细、盆腔淋巴结清扫彻底、术后恢复快、并发症少的优点。     

女性膀胱癌腹腔镜根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术术式改进

目的 探讨并改进腹腔镜女性膀胱癌根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术的手术方法,随访观察其治疗效果.方法 2003年2月至2008年9月,为19例女性膀胱癌患者施行了腹腔镜膀胱全切除-原位回肠新膀胱术,其中13例同时行子宫、卵巢及附件切除,6例行保留子宫、卵巢附件.主要手术步骤为:①行标准盆腔淋巴结清扫,②行膀胱全切除同时切除或不切除内生殖器,③在下腹正中线上作4～5 cm切口,取出标本,并构建"M"形去管回肠储尿囊,④输尿管末端形成半乳头,"插入式"种植于储尿囊;⑤储尿囊回纳腹腔,在腹腔镜下作储尿囊与尿道吻合.术后记录围手术期情况,并对患者进行定期随访,了解患者的生活质量、排尿情况,并检测患者的残余尿量、新膀胱压力等.结果 手术时间(340.5±43.1)min,术中出血(353.9±71.3)ml.术后随访2～69个月,半年内均能自主排尿,1例日间偶有尿失禁,2例夜间尿失禁,3例排尿困难.膀胱容量(333.6±45.4)ml,残余尿量0～210(41.2±18.1)ml.术后半年至1年,行静脉尿路造影,除1例单侧肾积液外,其余双肾显影良好,未见肾盂输尿管扩张.膀胱尿道造影,可见膀胱位于盆腔,其形状大小位置于正常膀胱相似,未见膀胱输尿管反流.术后输尿管新膀胱吻合口梗阻1例,新膀胱阴道瘘1例,肿瘤远处转移2例于随访期间死亡.结论 腹腔镜女性膀胱全切除-原位回肠新膀胱术,技术上可行,可根据患者情况采用保留或切除内生殖器的手术方法,术中出血较少,创伤较小,术后大部分患者能自主排尿,但尿失禁及排尿困难发生率略高于男性,术后中远期新膀胱功能及肿瘤根治效果还需进一步临床观察.     

原位回肠新膀胱与乙状结肠新膀胱早期贮尿囊功能的比较

目的:评价原位回肠新膀胱(IN)与乙状结肠新膀胱(SN)术后早期贮尿囊功能状态。方法:73例膀胱移行细胞癌患者行根治性膀胱全切术和肠道原位新膀胱术,其中行IN 40例,行SN 33例。采用影像学、尿流动力学检查和控尿状态评估早期新膀胱的功能。结果:73例平均随访12个月,无围手术期病死病例。术后3~6个月,IN组最大贮尿量为(485±60) ml,较SN组的(350±52) ml多(P<0.01);膀胱充盈压及排尿膀胱压均较SN组降低(P<0.01);IN组白天尿控满意率为87.5%,SN组为90.9%;SN组夜间尿控满意率为48.5%,IN组为65.0%,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SN组出现2例上尿路轻度积水,肾功能轻度受损。结论:采用去管化的回肠或乙状结肠重建新膀胱能达到足够的贮尿容量和可接受的尿动力学改变,获得满意的日间控尿。SN夜间控尿较IN差。夜间尿失禁仍是肠道膀胱替代术所面临的问题。     

改良单孔腹腔镜下膀胱前列腺根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术应用分析

目的 观察单孔腹腔镜-内镜手术在膀胱前列腺根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术中的可行性及治疗效果.方法 对2008年11月至2009年8月收治的8例男性膀胱癌患者采用自制多通道套管进行改良单孔腹腔镜下膀胱前列腺根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术.多通道套管由2个胶圈和1个外科手套构成,手套手指连接着2个穿刺套管和2个活瓣圈,多通道套管经下腹部正中小切口置入,腹腔镜器械经该套管置入进行操作.另经脐上置入1个套管用于放置腹腔镜,依次行腹腔镜下双侧扩大盆腔淋巴结清扫、膀胱前列腺根治性切除、体外构建回肠新膀胱及腹腔镜下新膀胱尿道吻合术.收集围手术期及术后资料并进行分析.结果 所有患者手术均顺利完成,无一例中转常规腹腔镜手术或开放手术.平均手术时间为399 min(355-455 min),平均出血量为154 ml(90～210 ml),平均术后住院时间为15 d(14-18 d).其中1例患者术后出现谵妄,经保守治疗恢复正常.无一例发生操作通道相关并发症.术后病理示所有病例手术标本切缘均为阴性,平均清扫淋巴结20个.患者平均随访6.1个月(2.0～10.0个月),未发现肿瘤复发、转移.结论 改良单孔腹腔镜下膀胱前列腺根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术技术上可行,减少了4个手术套管,手术并发症发生率低,短期随诊肿瘤控制效果好,长期根治效果尚待观察.     

T型原位回肠新膀胱:尿动力学与上尿路功能初步评价

目的 评价T型原位回肠新膀胱尿动力学特征及对上尿路功能的影响.方法 2004年6月至2009年9月,90例T2a～T4a膀胱肿瘤患者接受根治性膀胱切除加T型原位回肠新膀胱重建术,采用肌酐测定、超声、膀胱造影、静脉尿路影或增强CT等方法进行上尿路功能的检查,对患者进行尿控情况的随访与尿动力学评价.结果 术后3周拔除导尿管之前行膀胱造影检查,未发现明显造影剂外溢,4例(4.4%)输入袢显示清楚,但未见输尿管显示,其他均未见反流.上尿路超声、静脉尿路造影或CT检查,提示18例(20.0%)术后45 d内出现双侧肾盂及输尿管的暂时性轻度扩张,其中1例(1.1%)出现术后一过性肾功能不全,肌酐最高达57 mg/L,但在随访过程中肾盂输尿管恢复正常形态;4例(4.4%)术后3年出现双侧肾盂输尿管轻度扩张,但肾功能保持正常;其他患者血尿素氮、肌酐均在正常范围之内.日间94.4%(85/90)患者能完全控尿,5.6%(5/90)控尿满意,满意率达100%;夜间41.1%(37/90)患者完全控尿,41.1%(37/90)控尿满意,17.8%(16/90)控尿不满意,满意率达82.2%.尿动力学结果显示,平均灌注末压力为(16±10)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa),最大膀胱容量为(316±96)ml;排尿呈腹压排尿模式,最高压力为(87±25)cm H2O,平均最大尿流率为(17±10)ml/s,残余尿量为(33±29)ml.结论 T型原位新膀胱输入袢的抗反流效果令人满意,充分保护了上尿路功能;新膀胱具有良好顺应性,患者控尿能力、尿流率及残余尿量也令人满意.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除联合原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌22例

目的 总结机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除联合原位回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的临床经验,评估其疗效和安全性。方法 回顾性分析2019年1月至2019年12月接受机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除联合原位回肠新膀胱术治疗的膀胱癌患者的临床资料。共22例,均为男性,年龄为32~71岁（中位年龄63岁）。统计手术方法、手术时间、术后拔管时间、并发症等围手术期资料,术后病理结果,以及肿瘤控制情况和尿控效果等随访资料。结果 22例患者手术均顺利完成,无术中转开放手术者。其中4例行单孔手术,2例为全腔镜下原位回肠新膀胱术。手术时间为320~600（420±36）min,术中出血量为100~400（150±17）mL,围手术期均未输血。术后1~2 d（中位数2 d）下床活动,1~3 d（中位数2 d）恢复肠道通气,5~21 d（中位数10 d）拔除负压引流管,10~25 d（中位数14 d）拔除导尿管。本组患者均无术中肠道损伤、术后肠梗阻等肠道并发症,无切口感染。2例发生新膀胱漏尿,经延长留置导尿管后自行愈合。所有患者术后病理结果均为尿路上皮癌。术后随访3~15个月,未出现肿瘤复发,无患者死亡。术后2个月20例（90.1%）患者尿控满意。1例患者术后4个月因内疝而手术,2例患者术后6个月因排尿困难给予间歇自我导尿。结论 机器人辅助根治性膀胱切除联合原位回肠新膀胱术在临床上安全可行,短期肿瘤控制和尿控效果满意,远期疗效有待通过病例累积和长期随访进一步评估。     

保留勃起功能的腹腔镜原位回肠膀胱术6例

目的：观察保留勃起功能的腹腔镜原位回肠膀胱术在年轻膀胱癌患者中的应用及疗效。方法：6例膀胱移行细胞癌患者在腹腔镜下行保留神经血管束和前列腺远端包膜的膀胱切除,切取肠管缝制成新膀胱,分别与输尿管和前列腺包膜吻合,实现原位尿流改道。结果：6例手术均成功,手术时间为280～410 min,平均310 min。随访24～40个月,6例均存活,无尿道复发,无转移及前列腺癌。术后1个月均有自发性阴茎勃起现象。术后6～24个月,5例患者可顺行射精,1例顺行和逆行射精共存。结论：保留勃起功能的腹腔镜原位回肠膀胱术可较好维持年轻膀胱癌患者勃起功能,提高患者生活质量。     

回肠代输尿管术治疗去带乙状结肠原位新膀胱术后长段输尿管狭窄1例报告并文献复习

 医源性长段输尿管狭窄临床上并不罕见,而原位膀胱术后长段输尿管狭窄处理较为复杂和困难,采用回肠代输尿管术仍不失为有效的尿路修复重建方式。回顾性分析1例去带乙状结肠原位新膀胱术后长段输尿管狭窄患者的临床资料并文献复习。患者男性,66岁,因浸润性膀胱癌行腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除及去带乙状结肠原位新膀胱术5月余,术后出现左侧输尿管原位新膀胱吻合处狭窄伴肾积水,遂行左肾穿刺造瘘术1月余。左侧顺行肾盂造影显示左侧输尿管长段狭窄（约10 cm）,于2019年1月行开放左侧回肠代输尿管术。手术顺利,手术时间230 min,术中出血约200 mL,术后4周拔除尿管,术后6周拔除左侧输尿管单J管。术后随访6个月,患者无腰痛、发热,复查血清肌酐正常,未出现代谢性并发症。术后70天行磁共振尿路造影（magnetic resonance urography,MRU）检查显示双侧肾盂及输尿管未见扩张、积液,术后4个月行泌尿系B超检查提示左肾轻度积水、原位新膀胱残余尿20 mL,术后6个月行MRU检查显示左侧肾盂及输尿管上段轻度扩张、积液。本病例术后随访期内疗效满意。