原位回肠新膀胱手术的临床研究

目的:探讨全膀胱切除原位回肠代膀胱术治疗浸润性膀胱肿瘤的临床疗效及术后并发症的预防?方法:回顾性分析南京医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科2005年1月~2008年3月21例膀胱肿瘤行全膀胱切除原位回肠代膀胱术的临床资料?结果:所有病人均得到满意随访,本组患者除2例外均无瘤存活?手术时间为 5.5~7.5 h,平均5.9 h;术中出血量为150~1 200 ml,平均为 450 ml;所有患者术后均能自控排尿,无上尿路积水,代膀胱残余尿量20~80 ml,功能状态良好?结论:全膀胱切除原位回肠代膀胱术具有术后代膀胱容量大?内压低?可控性能好等优点,是一种较理想膀胱全切术后的膀胱替代术式?     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除并去带乙状结肠新膀胱术(附26例报告)

目的 介绍腹腔镜下全膀胱切除、去带乙状结肠新膀胱术的经验。方法 对2002年7月~2004年9月间26例膀胱癌患者的临床资料进行总结与分析。结果 26例患者的手术时间为240~390min,其中腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术120~270min。腹腔镜手术中及术后未见明显出血,出血量<200ml。开放性原位新膀胱术出血量400~800ml,输浓缩红细胞0~4个单位。术后4~8d恢复饮食,3~8周拔除输尿管支架管,4周拔除尿管。术后3个月患者白天可完全控制排尿,8例夜间偶有尿失禁。结论 腹腔镜下膀胱癌根治切除术创伤小、出血少、恢复快,是全膀胱切除手术中的一种很有前景的方法。全去带可控性乙状结肠新膀胱术具有手术操作简单、需用肠段短、贮尿囊在原位、尿液自尿道可控排出、术后并发症少等优点,具有较好的应用价值。     

经腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位代膀胱术的手术治疗效果分析

目的 探讨经腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位代膀胱术手术治疗方式及疗效。方法 对南阳医专第一附属医院自2011年4月~2013年4月45例行经腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位代膀胱术治疗的患者临床资料进行分析,并将其分为观察组（n=23）和对照组（n=22）,对比2组患者手术指标和并发症发生率。结果 治疗组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、肠道功能恢复时间和出现并发症发生率均显著低于对照组患者的,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论 经腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位代膀胱术手术治疗能够有效减少出血,减少肠管暴露时间,减少术后并发症发生,促进患者康复。     

经腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位代膀胱术的手术治疗分析

目的探讨经腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位代膀胱术的临床效果。方法选取我院收治的80例膀胱肿瘤患者,随机将其分为观察组和对照组,各40例,给予观察组患者经腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位代膀胱术治疗,给予对照组患者传统开放手术治疗,对两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠胃蠕动时间、并发症情况等进行对比。结果观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后肠胃蠕动时间均明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）,观察组患者的并发症明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论给予膀胱肿瘤患者经腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位代膀胱术治疗可有效的缩短手术时间及患者住院时间,减少术中出血量,且并发症少,临床效果显著,值得推广和应用。     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术12例临床分析

目的：介绍腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术的初步体会。方法：2006年1月至2008年12月治疗浸润性膀胱癌12例,男10例,女2例,年龄48～69岁,无远处转移。腹腔镜下行全膀胱切除、前列腺切除或子宫次全切。经腹壁造口取出切除物,行乙状结肠去带原位新膀胱术。结果：12例手术成功,腹腔镜下手术时间120～280min（平均180min）;开放原位新膀胱术190～300min（平均240min）。腹腔镜下操作出血量400～1000ml（平均600m1）;术中、术后输浓缩红细胞400～600ml（平均500m）。12例随访6～36个月,平均15个月。白天可控排尿10例（83．3％）轻度尿失禁2例（16．7％）。新膀胱容量180～320ml（平均270m1）,尿间隔时间45～120min（平均80min）。1例勃起功能障碍（术前4例有勃起功能）。患者血Cr和Bun正常,未出现酸中毒。结论：腹腔镜下全膀胱切除术是可行和值得临床推广应用。     

全去带乙状结肠原位可控膀胱术9例报告

[目的]探讨全去带乙状结肠原位可控膀胱术的临床效果。[方法]对接受膀胱肿瘤根治手术的9例患者行膀胱全切、全去带乙状结肠原位可控膀胱术。[结果]术后随访3~36个月,平均18个月,患者随访期间健康状况良好,在腹压帮助下自主排尿,尿线粗。8例能在白天完全控尿,控尿时间长达2~3h。1例夜间偶有失禁,通过定期唤醒可避免。新膀胱容量200~500ml,平均为320ml,残余尿20~60ml,平均为40ml。全组肾功能正常,未发现输尿管返流和电解质紊乱、酸碱平衡失调。[结论]全去带乙状结肠原位可控膀胱术是一种安全、可靠、效果良好的理想术式。     

经腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位代膀胱术的手术治疗分析

目的比较开放术与经腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位代膀胱术的临床效果。方法我院近年收治行膀胱全切除原位回肠代膀胱术治疗膀胱癌78例,根据具体手术方式进行分组,39例行开放性手术记为开放组,39例行腹腔镜下手术记为腹腔镜组,比较两组疗效。结果腹腔镜组手术及住院时长、术中出血量及术后肠道恢复时间均明显低于开放组（P〈0.05）,术后并发症7.7%显著低于开放组23.1%（P〈0.01）。两组术后1年新膀胱功能无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论经腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位代膀胱术效果显著,术后患者膀胱功能良好,生活质量提高,值得重视。     

世界首例小儿腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除全去带乙状结肠原位新膀胱术

目的 世界首例小儿腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除全去带乙状结肠原位新膀胱术的经验及疗效.方法 3岁男孩,确诊为膀胱横纹肌肉瘤,行腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术全去带乙状结肠新膀胱术.手术包括先行腹腔镜下双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫及膀胱切除,下腹部小切口取出标本,再行去带乙状结肠原位新膀胱术.结果 手术成功完成.手术时间为6h,其中腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除部分时间约3.5 h.术中出血量约50 ml,术中输入200 ml浓缩红细胞以确保手术安全性.双侧盆腔淋巴结各清扫6个,均为阴性,术中输尿管及尿道切缘均为阴性.患儿术后3 d恢复肠蠕动.盆腔引流管于术后7d拔除,新膀胱造瘘管于术后14 d拔除,术后25 d行经尿道膀胱造影,确定无造影剂外漏后拔除导尿管及双侧输尿管支架管.患儿拔除导尿管后1周左右基本恢复白天控尿及排尿功能.5个月后复查,提示新膀胱容量约为110ml,膀胱残余尿量约10ml,最大尿流率约12ml/s.围手术期未见明显水电解质及酸碱平衡紊乱,无尿漏、输尿管返流及肠梗阻发生.结论 随着手术经验的丰富和技术的发展,腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除术具有损伤小,术中出血少,患儿恢复快等优点,有望成为治疗小儿膀胱癌的安全可靠的方法.     

腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位回肠代膀胱术的围术期护理

目的 探讨腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位回肠代膀胱术的围术期护理体会.方法 本组针对24例膀胱癌患者,均行腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位回肠代膀胱术,并将其随机分为对照组及实验组,每组12例,对照组实施常规护理干预,实验组实施针对性围术期护理干预,比较分析治疗及护理效果.结果 两组患者复发率及患者满意度有显著差异（P＜0.05）.结论 加强围术期护理对腹腔镜下膀胱全切除原位回肠代膀胱术意义重大,值得推广应用.     

全膀胱切除137例临床分析

目的总结探讨全膀胱切除尿流改道不同术式的临床特点。方法回顾性分析137例行全膀胱切除术患者的临床资料,其中男117例,女20例;年龄36～88岁,平均65.2岁。经腹腔镜手术101例,其中9例术中改开放手术;传统开放术式36例。尿流改道方式:原位回肠新膀胱术86例,占62.8%;原位乙状结肠新膀胱术12例,占8.8%;回肠膀胱术20例,占14.6%;输尿管乙状结肠吻合术9例,占6.6%;输尿管皮肤造口术8例,占5.8%;胃代膀胱术2例,占1.5%。结果所有手术均获成功,手术时间为4～8h,术中出血400～1 600mL,随访3～60个月,术后早期并发症包括伤口感染、漏尿和肠梗阻等,严重并发症为肠瘘3例。围手术期死亡3例,死亡原因为呼吸、循环系统疾病。术后晚期主要并发症有泌尿系结石、尿路感染等。获随访的原位新膀胱术者51例,白天控尿良好48例(94.1%),夜间控尿良好43例(84.3%)。获随访的72例中男性67例,其中41例自诉阴茎可勃起,占61.2%(41/67)。术后无长期尿失禁,未发现尿道肿瘤。结论根治性全膀胱切除手术风险较高,术前应充分评估适应证;原位膀胱术是尿流改道的首选术式;全膀胱切除尿流改道严重并发症少,不易复发,患者生活质量高,是治疗浸润性膀胱癌的理想方法。     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除及回肠原位新膀胱术（附9例报告）

目的总结腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加回肠原位新膀胱术的经验。方法对9例膀胱癌患者施行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除及回肠原位新膀胱术,采用完全腹腔镜下标准的双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫加根治性膀胱切除,然后体外行回肠新膀胱构建和输尿管新膀胱吻合,最后在腹腔镜下行新膀胱尿道吻合。结果9例手术均成功,无中转开腹,无围手术期死亡,平均手术时间为370min,平均出血量为650ml,所有患者手术切缘均为阴性。术后9例日间尿控均良好,2例存在夜间尿失禁。术后随访2—8个月,1例出现新膀胱腹壁瘘,1例发生新膀胱前假性尿液囊肿,2例出现肾盂肾炎。结论腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加回肠原位新膀胱术具有切口小、损伤少、疼痛轻、出血少、术后恢复快等优势,将成为肌层浸润性膀胱癌的标准手术方式。     

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder: report of 33 cases

Background The laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) with orthotopic ileal neobladder is now applied to treat invasive bladder cancer, however, it has not been well codified and illustrated. We describe in this paper a technique step by step that we have developed in 33 patients and achieved excellent results.Methods The surgical procedure can be divided into eight steps: laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy and mobilization of the distal ureters; exposing Denonvillier’s space and the posterior aspect of prostate; exposing retropubic space and anterior surface of the bladder; dividing the lateral pedicles of the bladder and the prostate; dividing the apex of the prostate; extracorporeal formation of the ileal pouch; extracorporeal implantation of the ureters; and laparoscopic urethra-neobladder anastomosis. This operation was performed in 33 patients, 29 males and 4 females, with muscle invasive bladder cancer between December 2002 and September 2004.Results The operating time was 5.5-8.5 hours with an average of 6.5 hours; the estimated blood loss was 200-1000 ml with an average of 460 ml. The surgical margins of the bladder specimen were negative in all patients. There was no evidence of local recurrence at follow-up of 1-21 months in all the patients. However lymph node metastases were found in one case at 9 months postoperatively. Most of patients achieved urine control 1 to 3 months after surgery. The daytime continence rate was 94% (31 cases) and nighttime continence rate was 88% (29 cases). Urodynamic evaluation was performed between 3 and 6 months postoperatively for all cases. The mean value of neobladder capacity was (296±37) ml. The mean value of maximum flow rate was (18.7±7.1) ml/s. The mean residual urine volume was (32±19) ml. In all cases, excretory urography at 1 to 2 months postoperatively demonstrated slightly dilated upper urinary tracts without ureteral obstruction, which resolved at follow up. Cystography showed neobladders being similar in shapes to normal. Two small ureteral nipples with intermittently efflux of urine were observed at cystoscopy in most patients. Postoperative complications occurred in 6 of 33 patients (18%), including pouch leakage in 2 cases, pelvic infection in 1, partial small bowel obstruction in 2 and neobladder-vaginal fistula in 1.Conclusions The LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder is a feasible option for bladder cancer when radical cystectomy is indicated. The extracorporeal formation of the ileal pouch and ureteral implantation through a small lower midline incision can simplify the complexity of the procedures, shorten the duration of surgery and reduce the medical expenses.     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术加原位T型回肠新膀胱重建的临床观察

目的 总结13例腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除、标准淋巴结清扫加T型原位回肠新膀胱重建的经验,评价此术式肿瘤学结果与功能性结果.方法 2005年8月至2009年7月,对首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院13例肌层浸润性膀胱肿瘤患者实施腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除加下腹壁小切口行原位T型回肠新膀胱重建术,对手术时间、淋巴结数量、围手术期并发症、出血量、输血量、生存率、上尿路形态与功能、控尿情况进行分析.结果 平均手术时间为6 (5～8) h,平均出血量为480(100～800)ml,平均输血量133(0～400)ml,平均清扫淋巴结数16(8～22)个,无围手术期死亡,围手术期并发症发生率为15.4% (2/13).术后3周行膀胱造影检查,未发现明显造影剂外溢及反流.患者日间完全控尿率达84.6%(11/13);夜间完全控尿率为46.1%(6/13),夜间仅需要1块尿垫者占30.8%(4/13).上尿路检查提示,23.1%(3/13)术后45 d内出现双侧肾盂及输尿管的轻度暂时性扩张,但肾功能保持正常.随访24(16～63)个月,7.7% (1/13)于术后55个月死于急性心肌梗死,92.3%(12/13)无复发生存.结论 腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除、标准淋巴结清扫加下腹壁小切口行T型原位回肠新膀胱重建术取得了满意的肿瘤学与功能性结果;T型原位新膀胱输入袢的抗反流效果令人满意,能够充分保护上尿路形态与功能.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the preliminary experiences of 13 cases of laparoscopic radical cystectomy and construction of orthotopic T pouch ileal neobladder and evaluate the oncological and functional outcomes of this procedure. Methods From August 2005 through July 2009, 13 patients underwent radical cystectomy and standard lymphadenectomy followed by construction of orthotopic T pouch ileal neobladder via mini-laparostomy for muscular invasive bladder cancer. The data were analyzed according to procedure time, blood loss volume, transfusion volume, number of dissected lymph nodes, peri-operative complications, morphology and function of upper urinary tract and status of urinary continence. Results The mean operating duration was 6 (5-8) hours, estimated volume of blood loss 480 (100-800) ml, transfusion volume 133 (0-400) ml and the number of dissected lymph nodes 16 (8-22). There was no peri-operative mortality. The peri-operative complications were found in 15.4% (2/13) and included urine leak at neobladder-urethra junction managed by drainage (n=1) and urine leak at ureter-neobladder junction repaired (n=1). The complete daytime continence rate was 84.6%(11/13), complete nocturnal continence rate 46.1% (6/13) and <1 pad in 30.8% (4/13). No reflux into afferent limb of neobladder was observed by cystography. Temporary dilation of upper urinary tract was observed in 23.1% (3/13) at Day 45 post-operation and later it disappeared spontaneously. Serum creatinine remained in a normal range in all patients. Within a follow-up of 24 (16-63) months, 7.7% (1/13) died of myocardial infarction at Month 55 post-operation. And 92.3% (12/13) survived without a local relapse or a distal metastasis. Conclusion Within an intermediate follow-up period, the oncological and functional outcomes are encouraging after laparoscopic radical cystectomy and construction of orthotopic T pouch ileal neobladder via mini-laparostomy. The anti-reflux mechanism is effective to preserve the morphology and function of upper urinary tract.     

Laparoscopic radical cystectomy with orthotopic ileal neobladder in the female: report of 14 cases

Background Bladder carcinoma is the most common malignant urological tumor in China. We present our preliminary experience and results of laparoscopic radical cystectomy （LRC） with orthotopic ileal neobladder in female patients with bladder carcinoma.
Methods From February 2003 to February 2008, 14 female patients with bladder carcinoma underwent LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder. Nine of these patients underwent hysterectomy and ovariectomy, and the other 5 had preservation of the uterus and ovarian appendage. Standard bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was followed by radical cystectomy that was completed laparoscopically with hysterectomy and ovariectomy when needed. The tumor was removed by a 4-5 cm lower midline abdominal incision, followed by the construction of ileal neobladder and the extracorporeal anastomosis of ureter-neobladder. The neobladder was anastomosed to the urethral stump under a laparoscope.
Results The mean operative time and blood loss in the 14 patients were 350.2 minutes and 349.8 ml, respectively. Postoperative complications included uretero-pouch anastomotic stricture in 1 patient and pouch-vaginal fistula in 1 patient. Follow-up time of all patients ranged from 3 to 60 months, and 12 patients were followed up for more than 6 months and achieved micturition in half a year. One patient had occasional day-time urinary incontinence and 2 had night-time incontinence. Two patients who had undergone hystectomy and ovariectomy had voiding difficulties after one year, which was treated by intermittent self-catheterization. The mean volume of the neobladder and the residual urine were 333.6 ml and 31.2 ml, respectively. Surgical margins were tumor free for all patients. One patient had bone metastasis and died 11 months after the operation.
Conclusions LRC with orthotopic ileal neobladder in female patients is a technically feasible, safe and mini-invasive procedure with a low morbidity and acceptable neobladder function. Long-term follow-up is required to confirm the neobladder func     

腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的早期临床应用（附15例报告）

目的：探讨腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的临床价值。方法：对具有手术指征的15例膀胱癌患者施行腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术治疗。常规建立5个工作通道,在腹腔镜下行双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫及膀胱全切除,自下腹切口取出标本。4例行回肠膀胱术,11例行原位回肠新膀胱术。观察手术时间、术中出血量、输血量、术后肠道功能恢复、尿外渗、尿瘘及术后腹腔并发症发生以及手术后效果。结果：15例手术成功。腹腔镜下根治性膀胱切除手术时间150～300 min;腹腔镜下新膀胱与后尿道吻合手术时间30～100 min;手术总时间300～660 min,术中出血500～1 200 mL;术中输血0～800 mL。2例术后出现急迫性尿失禁,经锻练后控尿满意;其余患者恢复良好。无腹腔并发症发生。结论：腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术具有创伤小、术中操作精细、盆腔淋巴结清扫彻底、术后恢复快、并发症少的优点。     

腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术108例分析

目的 报道108例腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术手术资料及术后并发症、性功能、控尿功能和肿瘤根治情况.方法 2002年12月至2007年5月,108例膀胱癌患者施行了腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术,其中男96例,女12例.采用5孔经腹入路,首先进行完全腹腔镜下标准的双侧盆腔淋巴结清扫及根治性膀胱切除,然后行体外回肠新膀胱的构建和输尿管新膀胱吻合,最后在腹腔镜下进行新膀胱尿道吻合,其中26例患者施行保留勃起神经步骤.结果 平均手术时间为330 min,出血量为320 ml,无中转开放手术.无围手术期死亡,手术并发症发生率为18.5%,所有患者手术切缘均为阴性.术后6个月日间尿控率90.7%,夜间尿控率82.6%.术后6个月,26例行保留勃起神经患者中10例有性功能.术后随访1～53个月,局部肿瘤复发5例,套管穿刺口种植转移1例,远处转移6例,随访期间死亡11例.结论 腹腔镜下膀胱根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术是可行的,具有低并发症和较好的新膀胱功能.     

膀胱全切原位W形回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌临床分析

目的：探讨膀胱全切原位W形回肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌的临床疗效。方法：32例膀胱癌患者,其中男29
例,女3例,均行膀胱全切原位W形回肠新膀胱术。膀胱全切后,截取35~40 cm末端回肠,排列成W形制作原位新膀
胱。双侧输尿管与新膀胱乳头法吻合,尿道与新膀胱低位吻合。结果：所有患者手术均成功,术后患者可通过腹
压自主排尿,白天控尿率为87.5%,夜间控尿率为78.1%。术后6个月平均膀胱容量410.6 mL,残余尿量22.7 mL。
术后新膀胱漏尿3例,轻度肠梗阻2例,新膀胱尿道吻合口狭窄1例,新膀胱分泌物导致排尿困难3例,并发症经处
理后效果满意。9例术前有勃起功能男性患者,术后5例保留勃起功能;1例保留子宫和附件女性患者术后性功能正
常。平均随访15个月,1例患者因肺部感染、肿瘤远处转移死亡,其余患者均无瘤生存。结论：膀胱全切原位W形回
肠新膀胱术治疗膀胱癌术后患者可原位排尿,控尿良好,上尿路损害与电解质紊乱发生率低,可作为膀胱全切尿流
改道的首选。术后应注意并发症的处理和随访。     

腹腔镜下全膀胱切除并去带乙状结肠新膀胱术（附26例报告）

OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with intracorporeal laparoscopic radical cystectomy and sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction. METHODS: The clinical data of 26 cases of bladder carcinoma treated with the indicated surgical procedures were reviewed. RESULTS: The surgeries were successful in all the cases with the operating time ranging from 240 to 390 min, blood loss of 400 to 800 ml and red-cell transfusion of 0-4 U. Oral food intake was allowed 4-8 days after the operation, ureteral stents were removed in weeks 3 to 8 and the pouch catheter was removed in week 4 postoperatively. Daytime urinary continence was excellent and urinary incontinence at night occurred in 8 patients 3 months after the operation. CONCLUSION: Sigmoid colon orthotopic neobladder reconstruction can be effective for urinary diversion to ensure good quality of life of the patients.     

T型原位回肠新膀胱:尿动力学与上尿路功能初步评价

目的 评价T型原位回肠新膀胱尿动力学特征及对上尿路功能的影响.方法 2004年6月至2009年9月,90例T2a～T4a膀胱肿瘤患者接受根治性膀胱切除加T型原位回肠新膀胱重建术,采用肌酐测定、超声、膀胱造影、静脉尿路影或增强CT等方法进行上尿路功能的检查,对患者进行尿控情况的随访与尿动力学评价.结果 术后3周拔除导尿管之前行膀胱造影检查,未发现明显造影剂外溢,4例(4.4%)输入袢显示清楚,但未见输尿管显示,其他均未见反流.上尿路超声、静脉尿路造影或CT检查,提示18例(20.0%)术后45 d内出现双侧肾盂及输尿管的暂时性轻度扩张,其中1例(1.1%)出现术后一过性肾功能不全,肌酐最高达57 mg/L,但在随访过程中肾盂输尿管恢复正常形态;4例(4.4%)术后3年出现双侧肾盂输尿管轻度扩张,但肾功能保持正常;其他患者血尿素氮、肌酐均在正常范围之内.日间94.4%(85/90)患者能完全控尿,5.6%(5/90)控尿满意,满意率达100%;夜间41.1%(37/90)患者完全控尿,41.1%(37/90)控尿满意,17.8%(16/90)控尿不满意,满意率达82.2%.尿动力学结果显示,平均灌注末压力为(16±10)cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa),最大膀胱容量为(316±96)ml;排尿呈腹压排尿模式,最高压力为(87±25)cm H2O,平均最大尿流率为(17±10)ml/s,残余尿量为(33±29)ml.结论 T型原位新膀胱输入袢的抗反流效果令人满意,充分保护了上尿路功能;新膀胱具有良好顺应性,患者控尿能力、尿流率及残余尿量也令人满意.     

女性膀胱癌腹腔镜根治性切除原位回肠新膀胱术术式改进

目的 探讨并改进腹腔镜女性膀胱癌根治性切除-原位回肠新膀胱术的手术方法,随访观察其治疗效果.方法 2003年2月至2008年9月,为19例女性膀胱癌患者施行了腹腔镜膀胱全切除-原位回肠新膀胱术,其中13例同时行子宫、卵巢及附件切除,6例行保留子宫、卵巢附件.主要手术步骤为:①行标准盆腔淋巴结清扫,②行膀胱全切除同时切除或不切除内生殖器,③在下腹正中线上作4～5 cm切口,取出标本,并构建"M"形去管回肠储尿囊,④输尿管末端形成半乳头,"插入式"种植于储尿囊;⑤储尿囊回纳腹腔,在腹腔镜下作储尿囊与尿道吻合.术后记录围手术期情况,并对患者进行定期随访,了解患者的生活质量、排尿情况,并检测患者的残余尿量、新膀胱压力等.结果 手术时间(340.5±43.1)min,术中出血(353.9±71.3)ml.术后随访2～69个月,半年内均能自主排尿,1例日间偶有尿失禁,2例夜间尿失禁,3例排尿困难.膀胱容量(333.6±45.4)ml,残余尿量0～210(41.2±18.1)ml.术后半年至1年,行静脉尿路造影,除1例单侧肾积液外,其余双肾显影良好,未见肾盂输尿管扩张.膀胱尿道造影,可见膀胱位于盆腔,其形状大小位置于正常膀胱相似,未见膀胱输尿管反流.术后输尿管新膀胱吻合口梗阻1例,新膀胱阴道瘘1例,肿瘤远处转移2例于随访期间死亡.结论 腹腔镜女性膀胱全切除-原位回肠新膀胱术,技术上可行,可根据患者情况采用保留或切除内生殖器的手术方法,术中出血较少,创伤较小,术后大部分患者能自主排尿,但尿失禁及排尿困难发生率略高于男性,术后中远期新膀胱功能及肿瘤根治效果还需进一步临床观察.