α1-抗糜蛋白酶信号肽基因及载脂蛋白E基因多态性与帕金森病的关系

目的 探讨α1－抗糜蛋白酶（AACT）信号肽基因多态、载脂蛋白E（ApoE)基因多态与帕金森病（PD)发病风险间的关系。方法 采用聚合酶链式反应限制性片段长度多态性方法（PCR－RFLP）,在64例PD患者、101例健康老人对照中观察AACT信号肽基因多态、ApoE基因多态的分布,并通过比值比（OR）对AACT多态、ApoE多态与PD作相关分析。结果 (1)PD患者与正常老人间不存在AACT各等位基因多态分布的差异（X^2=0．83,P＝0．363＞0．05）,但PD患者AACT－AA纯合子基因型与PD正关联（OR＝2．68,X^2＝4．31,P＝0．038＜0．05）。（2）ApoE基因多态性与PD之间不存在任何关联（等位基因：X^2＝2．85,P＝0．241＞0．05）;基因型：X^2＝9．25,P＝0．099＞0．05）。（3）非ApoEε4型AACT－AT杂合子基因型与PD负关联（OR＝0．47,X^2 =4．10,P＝0．043＜0．05）。（4）AACT－AT杂合子型PD与ApoEε4等位基因正关联（OR＝3．26,X^2＝5．53,P＝0．019＜0．05）。结论 AACT－AA纯合子基因型、ApoEε4型AACT－AT杂合子基因型均可能是PD发病的风险因子。     

载脂蛋白Eε4基因与老年人术后认知功能障碍的相关性研究

目的：研究ApoEε4等位基因与老年人POCD之间的相关性。方法：使用中文版韦氏成人智力量表（WAIS）和韦氏记忆量表（WMS）对患者进行术前1d和术后1周的神经、精神功能测试，对30例POCD老年患者和30名健康老年人（对照组）做ApoE的基因分型鉴定并进行比较。结果：ApoEε3／ε4型频率（28．3％）和ApoEε4等位基因频率（17.8％）均高于对照组。经X^2检验分析，两组相比有显著性差异（P＜0．01）。结论：老年人POCD与ApoE基因型存在关联性，ApoEε4等位基因是对老年认知功能产生有害影响的因素，可能不是AD所特有的。     

老年人载脂蛋白E基因型与认知功能关系的研究

目的：研究老年人中载脂蛋白E（Apolipoprotein E,ApoE)基因型的分布情况，分析Apo E基因型号认知功能的关系。方法：用简易智能量表（Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)对316例60岁以上老龄人进行认知功能检查，根据MMSE得分将研究对象分为认知功能正常组和认知功能障碍组，分离其白血细胞基因组DNA，用聚合酶链反应（ploymerase chain reaction,PCR)技术扩增ApoE带有多态性位点的第四外显子片段，根据限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析（restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP)方法检测其基因型。结果：两组人群中Apo Eε3／3基因型分布的百分比最大，其次为Apo Eε3/4基因型，而Apo Eε2/2基因型最小；ε2、ε3、ε4等位基因频率在认知功能障碍组和认知功能正常组分别为：0．095、0．560、0．345；0．146、0．699、0．155。认知功能障碍组ε4携带者百分比大于对照组（P＜0．01），Apo Eε3/4基因型百分比也较认知功能正常组大（P＜0．01）。结论：老年人群中，Apo Eε3/3为最常见的基因型，而ε2／2最少见；Apo Eε4为老年人认知功能障碍发病的危险因子。     

中国人群高血压病、糖尿病及冠心病与载脂蛋白E基因多态性

目的：研究载脂蛋白E（ApoE)基因多态性与中国人群高血压病（EH）、非胰岛素依赖性糖尿（NIDDM）及冠心病（CHD）的关联。方法：250例呈不同组合的患及90例正常对照用聚合酶链反应－限制性片段长度多态性（PCR－RFLP）方法检测ApoE基因型，比较基因型及等位基因频率分布。结果：（1）NIDDM及EH组ApoE基因型及等位基因频率与正常对照无显差异；（2）CHD组无论是否并EH及／或NIDDM，ε3／3基因型及ε3等位基因频率均显低于正常对照，而ε3／4基因型及ε4等位基因频率均显主于正常对照；（3）NIDDM合并 CHD组及EH合并CHD组中ε3／3基因型及ε等位基因频率均显低于正常对照，而ε3／4基因型及ε4等位基因频率均显高于正常对照。结论：ApoE基因多态性与中国人群CHD相关。这种关联亦见于EH或NIDDM合并CHD中，但ApoE基因仅是CHD发病的遗传学基础，而与是否合并EH及／或NIDDM无关。     

血管紧张素原及载脂蛋白E基因多态性与冠心病关系的研究

目的：研究血管紧张素原(AGT)基因M235T多态性及载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性与中国人群冠心病的关联。方法:分别用PCR—RFLP技术检测了129例冠心病患者及90例健康人AGT及ApoE基因型。结果：(1)冠心病组ε3/4基因型及ε4等位基因频率显著高于健康对照组，ε3/3基因型及ε3等位基因频率则显著低于对照组;(2)AGT各基因型及等位基因频率在两组间无显著差异;(3)携带ε4等位基因的不同AGT基因型在两组间也无显著差异。结论:(1)ε4等位基因是冠心病的遗传易患因子；(2)AGT基因与冠心病发病无显著关联，与ApoE基因间也无协同作用。     

重庆市某区316例老年人中载脂蛋白E基因型频率分布及与痴呆发病的关系

目的：了解重庆地区老年人中载脂蛋白E（Apolipoprotein E,ApoE）基因型的分布情况，分析ApoE基因型与老年性痴呆病发生的相关性。方法：随机选择316例重庆地区60岁以上老龄人作为研究对象，根据美国神经病学、语言障碍和卒中－老年性痴呆和相关疾病学会标准诊断，将研究对象分为老年性痴呆组和对照组，分离其白血细胞基因组DNA，用聚合酶链反应（Ploymerase chain reaction,PCR）技术扩增ApoE带有多态性位点的第4外显子片段，根据限制性酶切片段长度多态性分析（Restriction fragment length polymorphism,RFLP）方法检测其基因型。结果：两组人群中ApoEε3/3基因型分布的百分比最大，其次为ApoEε3/4基因型，而ApoEε3/2基因型小最；ε2、ε3、ε4等位基因频率在老年性痴呆组和对照组分别为：0．095、0．560、0．345和0．146、0．699、0．155。老年性痴呆组ε4携带者百分比大于对照组（P＜0．01），ApoEε3/4基因型百分比也较对照组大（P＜0．01）。结论：在重庆地区老年人群中，ApoEε3/3为最常见的基因型，而ε2/2最少见；ApoEε4为老年痴呆发病的危险因子。     

中国人群中载脂蛋白E等位基因型与阿尔茨海默病的相关性分析

目的：研究中国人群中载脂蛋白E等位基因型与阿尔茨海默病的关联。方法：利用PCR和限制性内切酶酶解,分析阿尔茨海默病患者及正常老年人载脂蛋白E各等位基因、基因型的频率。结果：ApoEε2、ApoEε3、ApoEε4这三个等位基因出现的次数（和频率）在56例散发性阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者中分别3(2．7％）、84（75．0％）、25（22．3％）,而在67例健康对照中分别为9（6．7％）、115（85．8％）、10（7．5％）。ApoEε4等位基因在AD患者中出现的频率明显高于对照组,统计学处理说明其差异有显著性（χ^2=10.99,P＜0．01,OR＝3．59,95％CI＝1．54－8．41）;ApoEε3等位基因在AD组中出现的频率低于对照组,两组中的差异也有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。结论：ApoEε4等位基因是AD的危险因素,ApoEε3等位基因在AD的发生中可能具有一定保护作用。     

胰岛素抵抗ApoE基因多态性与轻度认知障碍的相关性分析

目的：探讨胰岛素抵抗、ApoE基因多态性的表达与轻度认知障碍（MCI）的相关性。方法：收集60例2型糖尿病胰岛素抵抗的患者,其中分为非MCI组24例,MCI组36例,和38例正常对照组进行载脂蛋白E（appolipoprotein,APOE）基因分型,计算基因频率,并对胰岛素抵抗、轻度认知障碍与ApoE基因多态性进行性关联分析。结果：MCI组ApoEε4等位基因频率显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）,非MCI组Ap0E84等位基因频率与对照组比较无统计学意义。胰岛素抵抗指数与APOE基因84呈正相关（P〈0．05）。结论：胰岛素抵抗与MCI和ApoEε4存在相关性。胰岛素抵抗、ApoEε4和认知功能的测定对预测MCI的发生及转化为痴呆（AD）具有临床应用价值。     

广州市40～65岁居民载脂蛋白E基因多态性与血脂水平的关系

【目的】探讨载脂蛋白E（apolipoprotein E，ApoE）基因多态性与广州市中老年人群血脂水平的关系，以期为进一步研究提供基础和线索。【方法】采用等位基因特异性多重聚合酶链反应（ARMS．PCR）技术对624名40～65岁广州居民进行ApoE基因多态性检测，分析人群ApoE基因频率分布特点，并比较分析不同ApoE基因型血脂水平的关系。【结果】共检出6种基因型，以E3／3型最为常见，占67．95％，其次是E2／3和E3／4，分别占14．74％和13．62％．E2，4、E4，4和E2／2三种基因型分别占1．76％、l.12％和0．80％；等位基因以ε3分布频率最高．为82．13％，ε2、ε4等位基因频率分别为9．05％和8．81％；男性和女性ApoE基因型分布无差异。ε2等位基因携带者的TC、LDL、ApoB和LDL．C／HDL．C水平显著低于ε3和ε4等位基因携带者（allP〈0．05），而ApoAl／ApoB则显著高于ε3、ε4等位基因携带者（P〈0．01）。【结论】ε2等位基因携带者的血浆TC、LDL及ApoB水平较低，ε2等位基因有利于个体血脂维持在较理想水平。     

冠心病患者载脂蛋白E、血管紧张素转换酶联合基因型研究

目的 :研究中国人载脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因多态性及血管紧张素转换酶 (ACE)基因插入 /缺失 (I/D)多态性与冠心病的关联。方法 :分别用PCR -RFLP及PCR技术检测了 12 9例冠心病患者及 90例健康人ApoE ,ACE基因型。结果 :冠心病组ε3 / 4基因型及ε4等位基因频率显著高于对照组 ,ε3 / 3 基因型及ε3 等位基因频率则显著低于对照组 ;ACE各基因型及等位基因频率两组间无显著差异 ;在ε4携带情况下 ,不同ACE基因型冠心病危险度不同 ,DD型 >ID型 ,而Ⅱ型似有一定的保护作用。结论 :ε4等位基因是冠心病的遗传易患因子 ;ACE基因与冠心病发病无显著关联 ,但对ε4等位基因有一定的“修饰”作用。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.