CT血管造影诊断破裂脑动脉瘤

目的探讨运用CT血管造影(CTA)诊断破裂脑动脉瘤。方法对怀疑颅内动脉瘤破裂的16例病人施行CTA检查,采用PhilipsTomoscanAVP1螺旋CT机,120kV,200mAs,层厚1.5mm,螺距1,重建间隔0.05mm。造影剂为欧乃派克100ml,2.5~3.0ml/s的速度经肘正中静脉注入,16~18s后扫描。数据经计算机工作站处理后以MIP和SSD法显示,由放射科医师和神经外科医师共同阅片。结果本组16例病人共检出13例16个动脉瘤,其中前交通动脉瘤8例,后交通动脉瘤1例,基底动脉梭形动脉瘤1例,左侧大脑中动脉瘤破裂合并右侧颈内动脉瘤1例,后交通动脉瘤合并同侧颈内动脉床突周围段芽孢状微小动脉瘤2例。10例脑动脉瘤做了开颅手术治疗,术后恢复良好5例,生活自理2例,重度残废2例,植物生存1例。未手术的3例病人,其中1例Hunt-HessⅤ级者术前准备时死亡,1例放弃治疗死亡。1例基底动脉梭形膨大者保守治疗,遗有脑干受压症状。结论CTA具有快速、简便、安全、可靠的优点,可作为破裂脑动脉瘤和急诊手术前首选的检查。     

鞍区肿瘤术前CT血管成像检查发现颅内未破裂动脉瘤（附6例报告）

目的总结入院诊断为鞍区肿瘤病人应用CT血管成像术前发现颅内未破裂动脉瘤的治疗经验。方法术前对287例诊断为鞍区肿瘤的病人给予64排螺旋CT血管成像（CTA）检查,发现颅内动脉瘤6例,其中入院诊断为垂体瘤3例,鞍旁脑膜瘤3例,并给予血管造影检查（DSA）明确诊断。结果6例病人经CTA检查共发现颅内动脉瘤7个。经DSA检查明确诊断颅内动脉瘤6个,其中颈内动脉后交通段动脉瘤3个,颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤2个,大脑中动脉动脉瘤1例。1例病人经DSA检查排除颅内动脉瘤,诊断为左侧鞍旁海绵状血管瘤。CTA检查颅内动脉瘤确诊率85．7％。结论CTA作为一种无创检查手段可用于对颅内未破裂动脉瘤的术前筛查。     

颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的复合手术治疗

目的 探讨复合手术治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的疗效。方法 回顾性分析簧圈栓塞术后行颅骨钻孔血肿腔引流术治疗的5例颅内破裂动脉瘤合并脑内血肿的临床资料。结果 5例头颅CT均表现为典型蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）合并脑内血肿;DSA发现动脉瘤位于大脑前动脉A2段分叉部1例、大脑前动脉A2段1例、前交通动脉1例、颈内动脉后交通动脉1例、大脑中动脉分叉部1例;术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅱ级2例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例。引流术后3~4 d血肿大部分引流干净,无再出血、感染及脑梗死。术后6个月GOS评分3分1例,4分1例,5分3例。结论 对合并脑内血肿的自发性SAH,首先应考虑动脉瘤破裂出血可能,需尽早行DSA检查明确诊断;复合手术对于部分未发生脑疝又合并脑内血肿的破裂动脉瘤是可行的,能取得良好的疗效。     

前循环破裂动脉瘤伴颅内血肿的诊断与显微手术治疗(附21例分析)

目的探讨前循环动脉瘤破裂伴颅内血肿的诊断方法和显微手术治疗要点。方法回顾性分析21例前循环动脉瘤破裂合并颅内血肿病人的临床资料,其中前交通动脉瘤6例,后交通动脉瘤4例,眼动脉瘤1例,大脑中动脉瘤10例。均经3D-CTA检查确诊并急诊行显微外科手术治疗。结果夹闭术后随访3～18个月,死亡1例,重残1例,中残2例,其余17例病人恢复良好。结论对前循环破裂动脉瘤并颅内血肿病人应及早确诊并积极采取显微手术治疗。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂合并颅脑损伤5例分析

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂合并颅脑损伤的临床特征,以此鉴别创伤性蛛网膜下腔出血。方法对我院近三年来收治的5例颅内动脉瘤破裂合并颅脑损伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究,总结其临床特征。结果 4例患者入院后急诊经CTA检查证实为颅内动脉瘤破裂出血,其中前交通动脉瘤2例,大脑中动脉瘤1例,颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤l例;1例患者为动脉瘤再次破裂后行CTA检查示颈内动脉-后交通动脉瘤。急诊开颅血肿清除及动脉瘤夹闭术2例,动脉瘤夹闭术1例,血管内介入栓塞治疗术1例,药物保守治疗1例。恢复良好3例,重残1例,死亡l例。结论对伴有颅脑外伤史的蛛网膜下腔出血应注意考虑颅内动脉瘤破裂的可能,以便采取积极合理的治疗方案。     

颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的急诊手术治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的手术治疗时机和方法,以提高手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2002年4月至2006年10月在我科行急诊手术治疗的32例破裂颅内动脉瘤并脑内血肿患者的临床资料。32例颅内动脉瘤中,大脑中动脉瘤13例,前交通动脉瘤8例,后交通动脉瘤6例,大脑前动脉瘤3例,颈内动脉瘤2例。所有患者术前均行CT检查,28例术前行DSA检查。均在24h内行急诊手术,直视下夹闭动脉瘤并清除血肿。结果按GOS评分,术后恢复良好19例,轻度残废6例,重度残废5例,死亡2例。结论颅内动脉瘤破裂并脑内血肿的急诊手术效果明显,可有效降低病死率,提高恢复等级。     

眼动脉段动脉瘤的手术治疗(附40例报告)

目的 探讨颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤的临床特点及显微手术的治疗方法.方法 回顾性分析我院2006年12月至2010年9月40例颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤患者的临床资料.男13例,女27例,其中合并前交通动脉瘤1例,双侧颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤4例,合并后交通动脉瘤4例,合并小脑后下动脉瘤1例,合并大脑中动脉瘤1例,合并基底动脉瘤1例.结果 按GOS评分评定手术患者预后,恢复良好33例,轻度残疾1例,重度残疾2例,死亡4例;术后随访2 - 46个月(平均21.3个月),行头颅CTA或DSA检查证实动脉瘤夹闭完全.结论 经翼点入路夹闭颈内动脉眼动脉段动脉瘤是一种安全有效的方法.应根据患者术前Hunt - Hess分级以及动脉瘤的部位、大小、形态和医院的设备条件,选择个体化的治疗方法,术前完善影像学检查及手术过程中应用微血管多普勒对减少术后并发症及改善预后有重要意义.     

颅内动脉瘤破裂导致脑内血肿的诊断与治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂导致脑内血肿的诊断和治疗原则。方法本组男15例，女12例，年龄18～67岁，平均51岁。27例脑内血肿均经脑血管造影（DSA）或CT脑血管造影（CTA）检查确诊，其中前交通动脉瘤7例，后交通动脉瘤10例，大脑中动脉瘤9例，后交通动脉瘤合并大脑中动脉瘤1例。本研究对其临床表现、影像学特点及处理原则分别进行了分析。结果27例患者中有24例行开颅动脉瘤夹闭及血肿清除术，2例行股动脉穿刺血管内弹簧圈栓塞治疗，1例行DSA检查确诊动脉瘤后术前准备时再出血，抢救无效死亡。根据GOS分级，本组Ⅰ级3例，Ⅱ级1例，Ⅲ级3例，Ⅳ级7例，Ⅴ级13例。结论某些特殊部位的白发性脑内血肿，有可能是颅内动脉瘤破裂出血所致，需尽早行DSA或CTA检查明确诊断，治疗以手术为首选，术中夹闭动脉瘤并将血肿清除。     

颞浅动脉-大脑中动脉分流术在颅内复杂动脉瘤手术中的应用

目的 探讨颞浅动脉（STA）-大脑中动脉（MCA）分流术在颅内复杂动脉瘤手术中的应用效果。方法 回顾性分析开颅夹闭术治疗的2例颅内复杂动脉瘤的临床资料。夹闭动脉瘤前,先行STA-MCA分流术。结果 1例破裂动脉瘤,DSA显示右侧颈内动脉后交通段巨大动脉瘤（责任动脉瘤）+左侧颈内动脉后交通段镜像动脉瘤,伴双侧胚胎型大脑后动脉,先行STA-MCA分流术,再行动脉瘤孤立术。1例未破裂动脉瘤,DSA显示MCA分叉部大型动脉瘤位,MCA M2段下干粗大,上干纤细,上干起始部均成为瘤颈的一部分,先行STA-MCA分流术,再行动脉瘤夹闭术。2例术后均无明显神经功能障碍,CTA示动脉瘤不显影、吻合口通畅,CTP显示脑灌注良好;术后6个月,改良Rankin量表评分0分1例,1分1例。结论 STA-MCA分流术能够延长安全临时阻断的时间,在动脉瘤孤立和载瘤动脉闭塞后提供保护性血流,在理想情况下双支STA分流术还可以提供高流量血流,替代复杂的桡动脉或大隐静脉分流术,简化手术操作。这项技术有利于提高颅内复杂动脉瘤的治愈率,降低手术并发症的发生率。     

64层CTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的临床意义

目的评价64层计算机断层扫描动脉成像(64层CTA)在颅内动脉瘤(AN)诊断中的临床价值。方法 108例高度疑诊动脉瘤患者均给予64层CTA检查,后行DSA证实。结果 108例患者经64层CTA检出98个动脉瘤,均得到DSA检查证实,其中14例颈内和颅内小动脉瘤由全脑DSA检查后发现。结论64层CTA作为无创检查颅内动脉瘤的手段,在诊断前交通动脉瘤及大脑中动脉瘤可取代DSA成为颅内动脉瘤诊断的首选,但在高度怀疑有颈内动脉瘤及颅内小血管动脉瘤时尚需进行DSA检查进一步明确。     

表现为侧裂区血肿的颅内动脉瘤的诊断和治疗

目的探讨颅内动脉瘤破裂导致侧裂区血肿的诊断和处理原则。方法本组男7例,女5例,年龄18～63岁,平均49岁。12例侧裂区血肿均经脑血管造影（DSA）或CT脑血管造影（CTA）检查确诊,其中大脑中动脉瘤9例,后交通动脉瘤2例,后交通动脉瘤合并大脑中动脉瘤1例。本研究对其临床表现、影像学特点及处理原则分别进行了分析。结果12例患者中有10例经开颅动脉瘤夹闭及血肿清除术,1例行经股动脉穿刺血管内弹簧圈栓塞治疗,1例经DSA检查明确动脉瘤后术前准备时再出血,抢救无效死亡。术后1例患者出现脑梗死,经对症治疗好转,3例遗留神经功能障碍,其余病人恢复良好。结论表现为侧裂区的自发性脑内血肿,很有可能是动脉瘤破裂出血所致,需尽早行DSA或CTA检查明确诊断,治疗以手术为首选,术中夹闭动脉瘤并将血肿清除。     

Size and Location of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Objective

The aim of study was to review our patient population to determine whether there is a critical aneurysm size at which the incidence of rupture increases and whether there is a correlation between aneurysm size and location.

Methods

We reviewed charts and radiological findings (computed tomography (CT) scans, angiograms, CT angiography, magnetic resonance angiography) for all patients operated on for intracranial aneurysms in our hospital between September 2002 and May 2004. Of the 336 aneurysms that were reviewed, measurements were obtained from angiograms for 239 ruptured aneurysms by a neuroradiologist at the time of diagnosis in our hospital.

Results

There were 115 male and 221 female patients assessed in this study. The locations of aneurysms were the middle cerebral artery (MCA, 61), anterior communicating artery (ACoA, 66), posterior communicating artery (PCoA, 52), the top of the basilar artery (15), internal carotid artery (ICA) including the cavernous portion (13), anterior choroidal artery (AChA, 7), A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (3), A2 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (11), posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA, 8), superior cerebellar artery (SCA, 2), P2 segment of the posterior cerebral artery (1), and the vertebral artery (2). The mean diameter of aneurysms was 5.47±2.536 mm in anterior cerebral artery (ACA), 6.84±3.941 mm in ICA, 7.09±3.652 mm in MCA and 6.21±3.697 mm in vertebrobasilar artery. The ACA aneurysms were smaller than the MCA aneurysms. Aneurysms less than 6 mm in diameter included 37 (60.65%) in patients with aneurysms in the MCA, 43 (65.15%) in patients with aneurysms in the ACoA and 29 (55.76%) in patients with aneurysms in the PCoA.

Conclusion

Ruptured aneurysms in the ACA were smaller than those in the MCA. The most prevalent aneurysm size was 3-6 mm in the MCA (55.73%), 3-6 mm in the ACoA (57.57%) and 4-6 mm in the PCoA (42.30%). The more prevalent size of the aneurysm to treat may differ in accordance with the location of the aneurysm.     

前循环动脉瘤夹闭术中破裂的处理

目的 探讨前循环动脉瘤术中破裂的预防、显微手术处理技巧和方法 .方法 回顾性分析2004年1月至2009年5月132例患者(135个动脉瘤)显微夹闭术中再破裂的7例前循环动脉瘤的处理,其中后交通动脉瘤2例,前交通动脉瘤2例,大脑中动脉瘤2例,颈内动脉分叉部动脉瘤1例.结果 7例术中再破裂动脉瘤均被成功夹闭,患者根据GOS评分标准,3例术后恢复良好,2例中残,1例重残,1例死亡.结论 颅内动脉瘤的术中再破裂可发生在手术中的任何环节,显微手术技巧和综合处理措施能减少术中破裂,有效地改善患者预后.     

早期电解可脱性微弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤

目的探讨早期血管内栓塞治疗颅内破裂动脉瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析33例颅内破裂动脉瘤行电解可脱性微弹簧圈(GDC)血管内栓塞治疗的经验。动脉瘤位置:前交通动脉7例,后交通动脉10例,颈内动脉5例,大脑中动脉6例,基底动脉2例,小脑后下动脉3例。Hunt-hess分级:Ⅰ级6例,Ⅱ级12例,Ⅲ级7例,Ⅳ级6例,Ⅴ级2例。结果动脉瘤完全闭塞20例,90%～99%闭塞11例,90%以下闭塞2例。随访3～12个月,良好23例,中等7例,差3例,无再出血发生。结论GDC早期血管内栓塞治疗颅内破裂性动脉瘤是安全有效的治疗手段。     

CTA指导破裂的前交通动脉动脉瘤显微夹闭术

目的 探讨CTA在破裂的前交通动脉瘤诊断和治疗中的作用.方法 对26例前交通动脉瘤破裂致自发性SAH患者进行术前CTA检查及CTA手术模拟,26例均行翼点入路开颅夹闭动脉瘤手术,以术前CTA与术中所见进行比较.结果 CTA对前交通动脉瘤的诊断与术中符合率100%,术前CTA与术中所见基本一致.结论 术前CTA检查和手术模拟对成功夹闭破裂的前交通动脉瘤具有较大的应用价值.     

Ophthalmic artery fed by posterior communicating artery after trapping of the internal carotid artery

The authors report a 50-year-old man with a ruptured large carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm on the right side and an unruptured anterior communicating artery (A Com) aneurysm. The A Comm aneurysm was clipped and the carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm was managed by combining internal carotid artery (ICA) trapping with an interposed radial artery graft from the external carotid artery (ECA) to the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The patient had an uncomplicated postoperative recovery. Postoperative carotid angiography demonstrated no aneurysms and excellent flow through the bypass graft. Postoperative vertebral angiography showed the right ophthalmic artery to be fed by the posterior communicating artery. It is speculated that collateral circulation from the angular artery of the ECA to the ophthalmic artery did not develop because of high flow graft from the ECA to MCA and ICA trapping.     

Aneurysms of the anterior communicating artery and subclavian artery in association with congenital absence of unilateral internal carotid artery]

We encountered a rare case of unilateral internal carotid arterial defect complicated with anterior communicating aneurysm and subclavian artery aneurysm. The patient was a 56-year-old man in whom cerebral angiography and 3D-CTA revealed defects in the right internal carotid artery and the right carotid canal, and an unruptured aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery. In addition, the patient was also found to have an unruptured aneurysm in the right subclavian artery. As both the aneurysms were considered to have a high risk of rupture and such subclavian aneurysms were likely to cause an embolism, radical surgery was performed for each aneurysm. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged without ambulatory limitations. Although the defect in the internal carotid artery is a relatively rare vascular deformity, the incidence of cerebral aneurysm is about 30% in such cases due to the marked hemodynamic stress involved. On the other hand, there have been only two previous case reports of internal carotid arterial defect complicated with a subclavian aneurysm. Moreover, there have been no previous reports of internal carotid arterial defect complicated with both an intracranial aneurysm and a subclavian aneurysm, as observed in the present case. Thus, this case was very rare and is reported here.     

Giant true posterior communicating artery aneurysm.

The case of a giant posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm is reported in which the clinical presentation was Korsakoff's syndrome. Left carotid angiography revealed a partially thrombosed giant PCoA aneurysm. Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography showed the precise neck of aneurysm and surrounding structures from a multidirectional view. Hypoperfusion of the bilateral frontal, temporal, and medial inferior thalamus was seen on single-photon emission computed tomography. According to previous reports, giant true PCoA aneurysms are rare; in fact, there has been only one report of a giant true PCoA aneurysm. We discuss the radiological characteristics and the clinical presentation of giant true PCoA aneurysms.