Emodin, a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor from Polygonum cuspidatum.

Bioassay-directed fractionation of a Chinese medicinal plant, Polygonum cuspidatum (Polygonaceae), has led to the discovery of an anthraquinone, emodin [1], as a strong inhibitor of a protein tyrosine kinase (p56lck) partially purified from bovine thymus. Comparison of the IC50 values of emodin for protein tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity with physcion [2] and emodin-O8-D-glucoside [3], also isolated from the same plant, reveal the importance of the hydroxyl groups at C-6 and C-8 for the observed activity.     

小承气汤化学成分研究及挥发油成分分析

目的:研究小承气汤化学成分及汤剂中挥发油的成分。方法:采用硅胶和凝胶等色谱分离化合物,并根据波谱数据和理化性质鉴定其结构;对小承气汤水蒸气蒸馏所得挥发油,运用GC-MS技术,计算机检索结合人工解析。结果:分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为大黄酚(1),大黄素甲醚(2),厚朴酚(3),β-谷甾醇,(4),反式-肉桂酸(5),大黄素(6),芦荟大黄素(7),大黄酸(8),没食子酸(9),大黄酚-8-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(10),橙皮苷(11)。从挥发油中鉴定出67个化合物,主要成分为对-聚伞花素(16.43%),D-柠檬烯(42.61%),δ-松油烯(14.46%),β-桉叶烯(5.42%)等。结论:提取分离的11个化合物均为首次从小承气汤中分离得到。     

川木香化学成分研究

目的:对川木香的化学成分进行研究。方法:采用多种柱色谱方法进行分离,通过波谱分析鉴定化合物结构。结果:分离得到17个化合物,分别鉴定为去氢木香内酯(1),木香烯内酯(2),川木香内酯(3),珊塔玛内酯(4),reynosin(5),4α-羟基-4β-甲基二氢木香醇(6),sulfocostunolide A(7),木香酸(8),β-cyclocostunolide(9),vladinol A(10),熊果酸(11),白桦酯酸(12),白桦酯醇(13),对苯二甲酸二丁酯(14),邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(15),尿嘧啶核苷(16),大黄素(17)。结论:化合物6～9,12～17为首次从该属植物分离得到,化合物11为首次从该种植物分离得到。     

黄花紫玉盘枝、叶中的生物碱和蒽醌类化合物

目的:对黄花紫玉盘Uvaria kurzii枝、叶的化学成分进行分离鉴定,并进行体外细胞毒活性筛选.方法:以硅胶和Sephadex LH-20色谱柱进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物结构.采用MTT法对所得化合物进行5种人肿瘤细胞系的生物活性检测.结果:分离鉴定了9个化合物,分别为bidebiline A(1),annobraine(2),oxoputerine(3),atherospermidine(4),鹅掌楸碱(5),大黄素甲醚(6),大黄素-8-甲醚(7),甲基异茜草素-1-甲醚(8),大黄素(9).结论:化合物1～4,6～9为本属中首次分到.体外活性筛选结果表明3～5对A549,Bel7402,BGC823,HCT-8,A2780等多种癌细胞有生长抑制作用.     

虎杖的化学成分研究

 目的研究蓼科植物虎杖的化学成分。方法利用反相色谱的方法进行分离纯化，根据化合物的化学性质与光谱数据鉴定其结构,DNA 裂解活性采用改进的Hecht法。结果自虎杖根茎的60%丙酮提取物中分得10个化合物，它们结构分别为没食子酸(1),色氨酸(2),2,6-二羟基苯甲酸(3),(+)-儿茶素(4),大黄素(5),大黄素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(6),(+)-儿茶素-5-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(7),1-(3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-4,5-二羟基-苯基)-乙酮(8),tachioside(9) 和isotachioside(10)。结论化合物1,2,3,8,9,10为首次从该植物中分得,化合物1,4,7显示很强的DNA裂解活性。     

络石藤石油醚萃取部位化学成分的研究

目的 研究络石藤80％乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部位的化学成分.方法 采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20等柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,运用现代波谱方法和化合物的理化性质鉴定其结构.结果 从络石藤醇提物的石油醚萃取部位中分离得到11个化合物,分别鉴定为cycloeucalenol(1),α-香树脂醇(2),羽扇豆醇(3),α-香树脂醇乙酸酯(4),β-香树脂醇乙酸酯(5),α-香树脂醇棕榈酸酯(6),熊果酸(7),豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(8),大黄素(9),棕榈酸(10),β-谷甾醇(11).结论 化合物1、4、6～10为首次从本属植物中分离得到.     

鹿蹄草化学成分研究

目的：研究鹿蹄草Pyrola calliatha全草的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶及Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱法等分离化合物,运用波谱学方法确定结构；并对化合物1～4,6～9进行抗真菌活性测定。结果：从鹿蹄草全草中分离得到10个化合物,分别为梅笠草素(1),熊果醇(2),熊果酸(3),2β,3β,23-三羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(4),胡萝卜苷(5),2α,3β,23,24-四羟基-12-烯-28-乌苏酸(6),大黄素(7),没食子酸(8),水晶兰苷(9),腺苷(10)。结论：化合物2,4,6,7,10为首次从该属植物中分离得到,化合物5,9为首次从该种植物中分离得到；化合物1,3,4,6,8对新生隐球菌、白色念珠菌、红色毛癣菌等真菌生长有不同的抑制作用,其中化合物1的抗真菌活性较强。     

海南草珊瑚石油醚部位化学成分研究

目的:研究海南草珊瑚全草的化学成分.方法:采用各种柱色谱分离,通过波谱进行结构鉴定.结果:从海南草珊瑚全草石油醚部位中分离得到了9个化合物,分别鉴定为棕榈酸(1),花生酸(2),β-谷甾醇(3),硬脂酸(4),大黄素(5),大黄酚(6),2',3'-二羟基4',6'-二甲氧基查耳酮(7),2'-羟基4',6'-二甲氧基查耳酮(8),cardamonin(9).结论:化合物1～9均是首次从该植物中分离得到,化合物2,5～9为首次从该科中分离得到.     

番泻叶的化学成分研究

采用反复的硅胶柱色谱进行分离、纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定。从番泻叶中分离鉴定了8个化合物:Tinnevellin glycoside(Ⅰ)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-龙胆二糖苷(Ⅱ)、芹菜素-6,8-二-C-葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ)、大黄素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(Ⅳ)、山柰酚(Ⅴ)、芦荟大黄素(Ⅵ)、D-3-O-甲基肌醇(Ⅶ)、蔗糖(Ⅷ)。结论:化合物Ⅲ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

石菖蒲乙醇提取物石油醚部分化学成分的研究

目的:对石菖蒲乙醇提取物的石油醚部分进行化学成分研究.方法:采用柱色谱、重结晶等分离纯化化合物,应用EI-MS,NMR等波谱技术鉴定化合物结构.结果:从石菖蒲乙醇提取物石油醚萃取部分分得7个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定为1-hydroxy-7(11),9-guaiadien-8-one(1),菖蒲醇酮(2),α-细辛醚(3),1,8二羟基-3-甲基蒽醌(4),1,8-二羟基-3-甲氧基-6-甲基蒽醌(5),1,3,8-三羟基-6-甲基蒽醌(6),(+)-galbacin(7).结论:化合物l为新化合物,化合物4～7均为首次从该植物中分到.     

戟叶酸模乙酸乙酯部位化学成分研究

目的 研究戟叶酸模的化学成分.方法 戟叶酸模的乙醇萃取物采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱等方法对化学成分进行分离及纯化,根据化合物理化性质及波谱数据鉴定其结构.结果 分离得到12个化合物,分别为大黄酚(1),大黄素(2),大黄酸(3),酸模素(4),大黄素甲醚(5),槲皮素(6),山柰酚(7),白藜芦醇(8),6-羟基芦荟大黄素(9),蒲公英甾醇乙酸酯(10),没食子酸(11),没食子酸甲酯(12).结论 化合物10和12为首次从酸模属植物中分离得到,化合物3,4,6,7,8,9,11为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

三棱的化学成分研究

目的分离鉴定三棱Sparganii Rhizoma的化学成分,为后期的体外活性筛选提供样品。方法应用色谱技术分离纯化,通过理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构。结果从三棱95%乙醇提取物中分离得到12个化合物,分别鉴定为过氧化麦角甾醇(1)、(8E,10E)-7,12-二氧-8,10-十八碳二烯酸(2)、α-二十一烷酸单甘油酯(3)、正丁酸(4)、大黄素甲醚(5)、香草醛(6)、大黄素(7)、香草酸(8)、对羟基苯甲酸(9)、反丁烯二酸(10)、1-O-阿魏酰基-3-O-p-香豆酰基甘油(11)、赤藓醇(12)。结论化合物1～5、7、9、10和12为首次从黑三棱属植物中分离得到。     

大黄素联合吉西他滨抑制体内外胰腺癌生长及其机制研究

目的探讨大黄素联合吉西他滨对体内外胰腺癌生长的影响及其机制。方法采用吉西他滨(20μmol/L)、大黄素(40μmol/L)单独及联合作用胰腺癌细胞株SW1990后,CCK-8法检测细胞增殖;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;Westernblot检测Bax及Bcl-2蛋白表达。建立人胰腺癌裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,分别给予大黄素、吉西他滨单独及联合用药,监测移植瘤体积变化;免疫组化法检测移植瘤组织中Ki-67、Bax及Bcl-2表达。结果与吉西他滨组及大黄素组比较,联合用药组显著降低SW1990细胞存活率,提高细胞凋亡率(P<0.05);与对照组比较,大黄素组及联合用药组明显上调SW1990细胞中Bax蛋白表达水平,抑制Bcl-2蛋白表达(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,大黄素组及联合用药组可显著抑制裸鼠胰腺癌皮下移植瘤生长,提高Bax在肿瘤组织中阳性表达,明显降低Ki-67和Bcl-2的阳性表达(P<0.05),以联合用药组作用最佳(P<0.05)。结论大黄素可能通过上调Bax表达和下调Bcl-2表达增强吉西他滨对体内外胰腺癌的抑制作用。     

Ameliorating effect of emodin, a constitute of Polygonatum multiflorum, on cycloheximide-induced impairment of memory consolidation in rats

The aim of the present study was intended to investigate the ameliorating effects of emodin on memory consolidation via cholinergic, serotonergic and GABAergic neuronal systems in rats. First, we evaluated the ameliorating effects of emodin on cycloheximide (CXM)-induced impairment of passive avoidance response in rats. Secondly, we clarified the role of cholinergic, serotonergic or GABAergic system on the ameliorating effect of emodin by using 5-HT1A receptor partial agonist, 5-HT2 receptor antagonist, GABAB agonist, GABAA antagonist and muscarinic receptor antagonist. Emodin protected the rat from CXM-induced memory consolidation impairment. The beneficial effect of emodin on CXM-induced memory consolidation impairment was amplified by 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A receptor partial agonist) and ritanserin (5-HT2 receptor antagonist), but reduced by scopolamine. These results suggested that the beneficial effect of emodin on CXM-induced memory consolidation impairment was amplified by serotonergic 5-HT1A-receptor partial agonist and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist but reduced by muscarinic receptor antagonist.     

Cytotoxic principles from Ventilago leiocarpa

Three new anthraquinones, islandicin 4-methyl ether (1), 1,2,6-trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-3-methylanthraquinone (2), and 2-hydroxyemodin 1-methyl ether (3) as well as two known triterpenoids [taraxerol (4), lupeol (5)], six anthraquinones [chrysophanol (6), islandicin (8), parietin (9), emodin (10), catenarin (11), skyrin (15)], a 2,3-dihydroflavonol [(+)-aromadendrin (12)], two benzisochromanquinones [ventiloquinone K (13) and ventiloquinone I (14)], and stigmasterol (7) were isolated from Ventilago leiocarpa. The cytotoxicity of these compounds to various tumor cell lines was evaluated, and compound 15 significantly suppressed growth of HeLa, Vero, K562, Raji, Wish, and Calu-1 tumor cell lines. With the exception of K562 cells, the proliferation of other tumor cell lines was inhibited by compounds 3 and 10.     

Aloe‐emodin Induces Apoptosis in Human Liver HL‐7702 Cells through Fas Death Pathway and the Mitochondrial Pathway by Generating Reactive Oxygen Species

Aloe‐emodin (1,8‐dihydroxy‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐anthraquinone) is one of the primary active compounds in total rhubarb anthraquinones isolated from some traditional medicinal plants such as Rheum palmatum L. and Cassia occidentalis, which induce hepatotoxicity in rats. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the potential cytotoxic effects and the underlying mechanism of aloe‐emodin on human normal liver HL‐7702 cells. The CCK‐8 assays demonstrated that aloe‐emodin decreased the viability of HL‐7702 cells in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. Aloe‐emodin induced S and G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in HL‐7702 cells. This apoptosis was further investigated by flow cytometry and nuclear morphological changes by DAPI staining, respectively. Moreover, aloe‐emodin provoked the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Further studies by western blot indicated that aloe‐emodin dose‐dependently up‐regulated the levels of Fas, p53, p21, Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio, and cleaved caspase‐3, ‐8, ‐9, and subsequent cleavage of poly(ADP‐ribose)polymerase (PARP). Taken together, these results suggest that aloe‐emodin inhibits cell proliferation of HL‐7702 cells and induces cell cycle arrest and caspase‐dependent apoptosis via both Fas death pathway and the mitochondrial pathway by generating reactive oxygen species, indicating that aloe‐emodin should be taken into account in the risk assessment for human exposure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

虎杖化学成分研究

目的研究虎杖(Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc)的化学成分。方法实验分别以石油醚-乙酸乙酯(9∶1、7∶1、5∶1、3∶1、1∶1)作为硅胶柱色谱梯度洗脱剂,收集到的组分经制备HPLC进一步分离纯化,1H-NMR、13C-NMR、DEPT等核磁共振谱和质谱的方法对化合物进行结构鉴定。结果分离并鉴定出8种化合物,分别是:22(Z)-麦角甾-4,6,8,22-四烯-3-酮(1)、(22E,24R)-豆甾-1,4-二烯-3-酮(2)、(E)-乙基十八碳-16-烯酸乙酯(3)、齐墩果酸(4)、大黄素(5)、白藜芦醇(6)、白藜芦醇苷(7)和6’-没食子酸-4-O-D-白藜芦醇苷酯(8)。结论化合物(1) 22(Z)-麦角甾-4,6,8,22-四烯-3-酮为新的天然产物(专利号:ZL 2013 10205435. 5),化合物(2)及(3)为虎杖药材中首次发现。     

RP-HPLC法测定防风通圣丸中栀子苷、芍药苷、黄芩苷、大黄素的含量

目的:建立RP-HPLC同时测定防风通圣丸中栀子苷、芍药苷、黄芩苷和大黄素含量的方法。方法:采用高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)梯度洗脱,在不同波长下测定含量。色谱柱:Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18键合硅胶色谱柱(4.6 mm×150 mm,5μm);柱温为室温;流动相为乙腈-2%磷酸水溶液,采用梯度洗脱;流速1.0 m L/min;检测波长分别为240 nm(栀子苷、芍药苷),275 nm(黄芩苷、大黄素)。结果:栀子苷、芍药苷、黄芩苷和大黄素的进样量分别在0.056~0.56 g(r=0.999 7),0.103 5~1.029 7 g(r=0.999 2),0.207 4~3.128g(r=0.999 3),0.04~0.423g(r=0.999 6)范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为99.14%,99.65%,99.03%,99.16%;RSD分别为1.08%,1.01%,0.85%,0.86%。结论:该方法简便、快速、灵敏、精密度高、重现性良好、结果准确,可用于同时测定防风通圣丸中栀子苷、芍药苷、黄芩苷和大黄素的含量。     

铁苋菜地上部分的化学成分研究

目的：研究药用植物铁苋菜(大戟科)地上部分的化学成分。方法：铁苋菜地上部分室温下经乙醇提取后，用色谱和波谱方法对其化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定。结果：分离得到11个化合物，分别鉴定为大黄素(1)，β-谷甾醇(2)，毛地黄内酯(3)，2,6-二氧甲基-1,4-苯醌(4)，烟酸(5)，原儿茶酸(6)，胡萝卜苷(7)，没食子酸(8)，芦丁(9)，琥珀酸(10)和短叶苏木酚(11)。结论：化合物1，3～5，10，11为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Anthraquinones from Polygonum cuspidatum as tyrosinase inhibitors for dermal use

Four anthraquinones, physcion (1), emodin (2), citreorosein (3) and anthraglycoside B (6), and two stilbenes, resveratrol (4), and piceid (5), were isolated previously from the root of Polygonum cuspidatum. These bioactive compounds were examined for their antityrosinase potency. No antityrosinase activity was detected with treatment using stilbenes. On the other hand, the anthraquinones showed moderate to strong inhibition of tyrosinase. Physcion exhibited the most potent tyrosinase inhibition among the four anthraquinones examined, which was comparable to kojic acid. The ability of anthraquinones to permeate the skin was also examined. Based on the same thermodynamic activity, physcion showed a higher permeation compared with emodin (48-fold), suggesting it as a potent candidate for dermal use. As naturally occurring tyrosinase inhibitors, anthraquinones from P. cuspidatum may be useful as skin-whitening agents to inhibit tyrosinase for dermal use.