血管内治疗颅内微小动脉瘤

目的探讨血管内治疗颅内微小动脉瘤(直径≤3.0mm)的技巧及其临床效果。方法回顾性分析血管内治疗的133例颅内微小动脉瘤患者的临床资料。共138个动脉瘤,其中57个动脉瘤行单纯弹簧圈栓塞治疗;81个宽颈动脉瘤中,74个使用支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗,7个以支架覆盖瘤颈(1例为双支架套叠置放)。结果成功进行弹簧圈栓塞治疗动脉瘤131个,成功率为94.93%;弹簧圈和动脉瘤平均体积分别为(6.77±5.08)mm3和(9.71±4.43)mm3,平均弹簧圈栓塞容积比为(31.96±14.02)%。按Raymond分级方法,术后即刻造影示动脉瘤完全栓塞119个(86.23%),瘤颈残留12个(8.70%),瘤腔残留7个(5.07%)。术中发生并发症16例(11.59%),其中出血性卒中11例,缺血性卒中5例。术后30d根据GOS评分评定预后,1级,4例;2级,13例;3级,11例;4级,42例;5级,63例。56例患者术后随访6～24个月,平均7.11月,无动脉瘤再次破裂出血。结论颅内微小动脉瘤单纯使用弹簧圈或结合颅内支架栓塞是较好的治疗方法。     

相对宽颈的颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的 探讨相对宽颈的颅内破裂微小动脉瘤(动脉瘤最长径≤3 mm且动脉瘤颈/瘤体宽径I>3/4)血管内治疗的町行性和安全性.方法 回顾分析24例27个相对宽颈的颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的临床、影像、血管内治疗和随访资料.结果 27个动脉瘤中24个用弹簧圈栓塞,3个仅在载瘤动脉内放置支架.前者有4个动脉瘤100%栓塞,13个90%,6个80%,1个80%以下.2例术后出现一过性轻偏瘫.所有患者临床随访平均51个月(1-94个月)无再出血,6例7个动脉瘤在术后6-38个月复查血管造影,未见再生长.结论 相对宽颈的颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的血管内治疗,技术上可行,操作相对安全,初步结果有效.     

颅内微小破裂动脉瘤血管内介入治疗体会

目的探讨颅内微小破裂动脉瘤血管内治疗的技术要点、安全性及临床效果。方法 2006-01—2016-06 78例颅内微小破裂动脉瘤进行了血管内介入治疗,其中支架辅助27例,单纯弹簧圈栓塞51例,对其相关临床资料进行回顾分析。结果术中3例发生动脉瘤破裂,1例术后发生弹簧圈逃逸,未出现载瘤动脉血栓栓塞事件。术后即刻造影显示,致密栓塞70例(89.74%),非致密填塞8例(10.26%);按照GOS评分评估,恢复良好59例(75.64%),轻度残废15例(19.23%),重度残废3例(3.8%),死亡1例(1.28%)。65例患者获得6~24个月随访,62例动脉瘤完全闭塞,1例有瘤颈残留但动脉瘤无变化,1例复发再次介入治疗。结论对颅内破裂微小动脉瘤,通过采取相应的介入操作技巧,选择血管内治疗是安全的,临床效果较好。     

颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的栓塞治疗

目的 探讨栓塞治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的临床效果。方法 回顾性分析16 例颅内微小动脉瘤（直径小于3 mm）在破裂后早期进行栓塞治疗及术后3~6个月的随访情况。结果 14例用弹簧圈行囊内栓塞,其中4例100%栓塞,8例90%栓塞,2例80%栓塞;2例单纯用支架覆盖,即刻造影未见动脉瘤显影。术中无破裂出血。出现手术相关并发症2 例,其中1 例死亡,1 例有偏瘫。16 例颅内动脉瘤随访3 ~6个月,有1 例复发出血。6例动脉瘤在3~6个月后复查脑血管造影,有1例复发。结论 在急性期使用微弹簧栓塞治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤是一种安全有效的方法,瘤颈的残留与动脉瘤复发的关系密切,颅内支架及辅助球囊的使用,有助于减少微小动脉瘤的复发率。     

破裂前交通微小动脉瘤介入治疗

目的探讨破裂前交通微小动脉瘤介入治疗的方法及疗效等。方法回顾分析2008年7月至2010年10月,收治的17例血管内治疗的破裂前交通微小动脉瘤患者病史资料,总结分析微小动脉瘤栓塞的手术技巧、新技术应用、材料选择、术后效果评价及特殊情况的经验总结等。结果采用不同技术辅助栓塞瘤体18个,致密填塞15例,非致密栓塞3例。术后6个月复查造影检查,致密栓塞无显影,非致密栓塞,1例无显影,1例部分显影。本组17例患者随访5个月到1年时间,术后治愈14例(82.35%),遗留残疾2例(11.76%),死亡1例(5.89%)。结论破裂前交通微小动脉瘤治疗风险较大,术中依据情况灵活应用手术技巧,选用合适的材料以达到最佳的治疗效果。     

血管内介入治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的探讨颅内破裂微小动脉瘤血管内介入治疗的可行性和疗效。方法回顾性分析39例颅内破裂微小动脉瘤患者的临床资料。所有患者均行血管内介入治疗,术后立刻再行血管造影观察治疗效果。结果术后即刻血管造影显示,致密栓塞30例(76.9%),不完全栓塞9例(23.1%),其中瘤颈残余5例和部分栓塞4例。39例患者均临床治愈出院,恢复独立生活能力。有34例患者随访时间6~12个月,DSA复查显示,25例致密栓塞患者的动脉瘤无复发;9例不完全栓塞患者中,除2例患者无变化外,其余患者均动脉瘤完全闭塞。所有患者均无动脉瘤再破裂出血。结论血管内介入栓塞治疗破裂微小动脉瘤的效果满意,是其理想的治疗方式。     

介入栓塞治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤临床分析

目的探讨介入栓塞治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤(直径≤3 mm)的疗效和技术要点。方法选取2013-01—2019-04济宁医学院附属医院35例颅内破裂微小动脉瘤行介入栓塞治疗的患者,采用3D-DSA选择工作角度测量动脉瘤大小(前后径、上下径、最大径、瘤颈和载瘤动脉的弯曲角度)。随访脑血管造影3～20个月(平均6个月)。结果对所有35个微小动脉瘤成功实施了弹簧圈栓塞,其中30例采用支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞,5例单纯弹簧圈栓塞。术中均未破裂出血,发生脑栓塞事件2例,术中弹簧圈不能完全填入1例。术后即刻造影示完全栓塞28个,次全栓塞5个,部分栓塞2个。术后半年复查造影,27例复查DSA,动脉瘤完全闭塞22例,不完全闭塞5例。结论介入栓塞是治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤有效手段,治疗关键是准确的术前评估和术中精细操作。     

支架结合弹簧圈栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤

目的探讨和总结支架结合弹簧圈血管内治疗颅内宽颈、梭形等复杂动脉瘤的技术及疗效。方法回顾性分析颅内支架结合可脱弹簧圈治疗41例44个颅内宽颈、梭形动脉瘤的临床资料。结果支架结合弹簧圈完成栓塞40个动脉瘤(其中1例采用"Y"型双支架),动脉瘤100%栓塞23个,95%栓塞11个,90%栓塞5个,80%栓塞1个;4个微小动脉瘤单纯植入支架未填塞瘤体。死亡2例,1例死于血小板功能障碍所致脑干出血,1例单纯放置支架术后13d死于再次蛛网膜下腔出血。32例随访3～18个月无再出血及脑梗死,7例失访;24例26个动脉瘤术后3～18个月接受血管造影,与栓塞后即刻血管造影相比,影像学无变化者14个,7个瘤颈残留者已不显影,1个100%栓塞者瘤颈少许显影,1个90%栓塞者瘤颈显影稍有增大;3个单纯放置支架未填塞动脉瘤腔的动脉瘤中2个不显影,1个体积有所缩小。结论支架结合弹簧圈栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤有较好的疗效,但应警惕抗血小板药物所致的风险,特别对于未能有效填塞瘤腔的动脉瘤。     

颅内破裂微小动脉瘤介入栓塞术临床疗效和安全性研究

目的探讨介入栓塞颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的技术要点,评价其临床疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析2014年4月-2016年10月云浮市人民医院因微小颅内动脉瘤破裂致蛛网膜下腔出血而行介入栓塞治疗患者的临床资料,评价栓塞治疗的临床疗效、手术并发症及患者预后情况。结果研究共纳入23例微小颅内动脉瘤破裂患者,均在全身麻醉下采用弹簧圈栓塞治疗,其中17例采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞,6例采用支架辅助治疗。致密栓塞19例(82.61%),4例(17.39%)瘤颈残余。所有患者载瘤动脉均通畅,术中无动脉瘤破裂出血,1例(4.35%)术中发生载瘤动脉狭窄闭塞,置入支架后载瘤动脉恢复通畅。术后6~30个月DSA随访均无再出血。1例(4.35%)瘤颈残余患者1年后出现瘤颈部动脉瘤复发,给予支架辅助栓塞治疗。23例患者术后6个月时改良Rankin量表(modified Rankin Scale,mRS)评分0分共21例,2分有2例。结论介入栓塞技术治疗颅内破裂微小动脉瘤是一种安全、有效的治疗手段,术后治疗效果良好。     

颅内动脉瘤的个体化血管内介入治疗

目的探讨个体化血管内介入治疗颅内动脉瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析30例颅内动脉瘤病人(32个动脉瘤)的临床资料,均采用血管内介入治疗。其中行单纯弹簧圈栓塞治疗动脉瘤15个,支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗12个,球囊辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗2个,载瘤动脉闭塞治疗3个。结果动脉瘤致密栓塞22个,大部栓塞7个,载瘤动脉闭塞后不显影3个。术中动脉瘤破裂2例,严重血管痉挛1例。随访1～72个月,恢复良好25例,轻残1例,重残1例,死亡3例。结论个体化血管内介入治疗是处理颅内动脉瘤安全、有效的方法;合理选择介入技术及正确处理并发症是治疗成功的关键。     

Endovascular treatment of ruptured tiny (⩽3 mm) intracranial aneurysms in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage: A case series of 20 patients and literature review

Successful endovascular coiling of ruptured tiny saccular intracranial aneurysms (⩽3 mm) is technically challenging and traditionally has been associated with technical failures, as well as morbidity related to thromboembolic events and high intraoperative rupture rates. This study analyzes the feasibility, technical efficacy, and clinical outcomes of coil embolization of ruptured tiny intracranial aneurysms using current coil and microcatheter technology and techniques. We performed a retrospective review of 20 patients with 20 ruptured tiny aneurysms treated with endovascular coil embolization from 2013 to 2016 at a single high-volume academic tertiary care practice. The mean aneurysm size was 2.4 mm (median 2.5 mm, 1–3). Complete occlusion was achieved in 12 of 20 patients (60%), the remaining 7 of 20 patients (35%) had a small neck remnant, and there was 1 failure (5%) converted to microsurgical clipping. Two patients had a failed attempted surgical clip reconstruction and were subsequently coiled. There was 1 intraprocedural rupture (5%) and 1 severe parent artery vasospasm (5%) during coiling. At discharge, 60% of patients were living independently. At follow-up three patients were deceased. Mean angiographic follow-up was 139 days (SD 120). There were no aneurysm recurrences among occluded patients and there were no retreatments among those with neck remnants. Coiling of ruptured aneurysms ⩽3 mm is feasible with high occlusion rates and low complication rates. The availability of softer coils with flexible detachment zones has led to safe and effective endovascular treatment of tiny ruptured aneurysms.     

血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤的疗效及安全性。方法 回顾性分析2019年5月至2021年4月行Pipeline Flex血流导向装置治疗的53例（68个动脉瘤）的颅内动脉瘤的临床资料。结果 53例68个动脉瘤,共置入60枚PED,技术成功率为100%。40例54个动脉瘤单纯应用PED治疗,术后即刻造影显示动脉瘤内造影剂明显滞留48个,无明显滞留6个;13例（14个动脉瘤）联合应用PED和弹簧圈栓塞,术后即刻造影均致密栓塞。围手术期总并发症发生率为7.5%（4/53）。53例临床随访6~28个月（中位数12个月）;末次随访时,47例未破裂动脉瘤预后良好（mRS评分≤2分）;6例破裂动脉瘤中,预后良好2例,mRS评分3分1例,4分1例,死亡2例。46例DSA随访4~8个月（中位数6个月）,动脉瘤完全闭塞率为67.9%。22例（28个动脉瘤）DSA随访9~18个月（中位数12个月）,动脉瘤完全闭塞率为85.7%,无动脉瘤复发。结论 血流导向装置治疗颅内动脉瘤总体安全、有效,但对颅内破裂动脉瘤的安全性仍需进一步研究。     

破裂颅内椎动脉动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗

目的 探讨血管内介入治疗在破裂颅内椎动脉夹层及梭形动脉瘤中的应用.方法 回顾性分析21例血管内介入治疗的颅内椎动脉夹层及梭形动脉瘤患者,其中8例采用微弹簧圈或球囊进行载瘤动脉闭塞术,13例应用支架辅助弹簧圈进行栓塞治疗.结果 8例载瘤动脉闭塞的患者,载瘤动脉完全闭塞,小脑后下动脉保持通畅;随访3-12个月,未遗留明显的神经功能障碍.13例支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞的患者,术中1例因再出血死亡;余12例中,致密栓塞10例,接近完全栓塞2例.9例患者(包括接近完全闭塞的2例患者)有效造影随访3-11个月,致密栓塞的患者中动脉瘤无复发,载瘤动脉及PICA保持通畅;接近完全闭塞的2例患者中有1例部分复发,给予再次致密栓塞,另1例达稳定状态;另3例电话随访,未发现遗留明显的神经功能障碍.结论 载瘤动脉闭塞术治疗破裂的椎动脉梭形及夹层动脉瘤效果肯定,但有潜在缺血的风险;支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术近期效果较好,但远期疗效有待长期随访的验证.     

Endovascular Treatment of Ruptured Tiny Intracranial Aneurysms with Low-Profile Visualized Intraluminal Support Device

Background: Ruptured tiny intracranial aneurysms (TIAs) have been challenging both for endovascular and neurosurgical interventions. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of low-profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) device in the treatment of ruptured TIAs (rTIAs). Material and Methods: Among 761 intracranial aneurysms which were treated either surgically or endovascularly, 32 rTIAs underwent stent-assisted coiling with LVIS device between 2014 and 2017. Patient data were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical and radiological outcomes were recorded at discharge and mid-term follow-up. Results: Mean patient ages were 53 ± 14.5 years. Mean aneurysm size was 2.28 ± .53 mm (range, 1-2.9 mm) with a mean dome:neck ratio of 1.08 (range, .75-2.14). The LVIS stents were successfully implanted in all patients. Mean follow-up period was 9.3 ± 1.9 months (range, 6-15 months). Immediate angiographic evaluation demonstrated complete occlusion in 13 (40.6%) patients, while neck remnant and residual sac were observed in 12 (37.5%) and 7 (21.9%), respectively. All patients had moderate disability (mRS 2-3) at discharge. Number of aneurysms with complete occlusion significantly increased and 82.1% of the patients (23 of 28) demonstrated complete occlusion at follow-up (P?=?.0015). Among these, 27 had good outcome (mRS 0-1; 96.9%) with significant improvement compared to discharge (P?=?.0001). There was no recurrence or enlargement of the residual aneurysms. Additionally, there were no procedure-related complications except the one (3.6%) showing asymptomatic stenosis of the posterior cerebral artery in follow-up imagings. Conclusions: Stent-assisted coiling of rTIAs with LVIS device provides high rates of technical success and complete occlusion at mid-term follow-up with an excellent safety profile.     

Y-Stent embolization technique for intracranial bifurcation aneurysms

Wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms often require the use of the technically complex Y-stent technique, which has recently been shown to narrow bifurcation angle in a hemodynamically favorable manner. We sought to evaluate the single center efficacy and safety of Y-stent supported aneurysm coil embolization. All patients undergoing Y-stent supported coiling between September 2006 and December 2012 were identified; records were analyzed for procedural results and complications, with follow-up evaluated for occlusion rate and neurological adverse events. Twenty consecutive patients underwent technically successful Y-stent supported coiling, with complete aneurysm occlusion achieved in 19/20 cases (95%). There were no peri-procedural clinically evident neurological complications following Y-stenting. Clinical follow-up was available for a mean of 20.0 months and radiographic follow-up was available for a mean of 18.5 months. During the follow-up period, three patients (15%) required re-treatment with through-stent coiling for recanalization. At latest follow-up, Raymond grade I occlusion was achieved in 16 patients (80%), Raymond grade II occlusion achieved in four patients (20%) and Raymond grade III occlusion in zero patients. Y-stenting for complex intracranial aneurysms appears effective in achieving durable aneurysm occlusion with an acceptable safety profile. Though the procedure is technically more complex than single-stent procedures, the Y-stent configuration should be considered when single-stent supported coiling is not feasible or sufficient.     

血管内治疗低级别破裂前交通动脉动脉瘤合并颅内血肿的临床分析

目的探讨血管内治疗低级别(Hunt-Hess分级Ⅰ~Ⅲ级)破裂前交通动脉(ACoA)动脉瘤合并颅内血肿的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2015年3月至2020年3月于南京医科大学第一附属医院介入放射科接受血管内治疗的42例低级别ACoA动脉瘤合并颅内血肿患者的临床及影像学资料。42例ACoA动脉瘤采用单纯弹簧圈栓塞32例,支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞10例;颅内血肿均采取保守治疗。术后影像学随访采用数字减影血管造影(DSA)或CT血管成像,并采用Raymond分级标准评估动脉瘤的栓塞程度;临床随访采用格拉斯哥预后评级(GOS)(出院时)和改良Rankin量表评分(mRS)评估(6个月时)。结果42例ACoA动脉瘤栓塞术后即刻DSA显示,动脉瘤完全闭塞(RaymondⅠ级)21例(50.0%),近全闭塞(RaymondⅡ级)20例(47.6%),部分闭塞(RaymondⅢ级)1例(2.4%)。总体并发症的发生率为9.5%(4/42),包括1例支架辅助术后血栓栓塞性事件及3例迟发性脑缺血事件。术后复查头颅CT显示血肿均较前吸收,出院时GOSⅤ级34例(80.9%),Ⅳ级7例(16.7%),Ⅲ级1例(2.4%),无死亡患者。42例患者中,36例(85.7%)接受DSA复查,复查的中位时间为6.5个月(4~12个月),其中RaymondⅠ级32例(88.9%),Ⅱ级4例(11.1%)。1例动脉瘤复发,予以支架辅助弹簧圈再次栓塞治疗。术后6个月的临床随访显示,患者的预后良好(mRS 0~2分)率为97.6%(41/42)。结论血管内治疗低级别ACoA动脉瘤合并颅内血肿安全有效,支架辅助栓塞并未增加并发症的发生风险,血肿经过栓塞后可吸收,但需大样本数据及长期随访进一步证实。     

Endovascular treatment of ruptured tiny,wide-necked posterior communicating artery aneurysms using a modified stent-assisted coiling technique

The endovascular treatment of patients with tiny, wide-necked aneurysms is technically challenging, due to the small volume for microcatheterization and coil stabilization inside the aneurysm sac. We performed a retrospective study to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of stent-assisted embolization for patients with ruptured, tiny, wide-necked posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms. Between January 2007 and August 2011, 17 tiny, wide-necked PcomA aneurysms that had ruptured were treated at our institution using a modified stent-assisted technique, with delivery of the first coil inside the aneurysm followed by placement of a self-expanding stent via a second microcatheter. All patients were treated successfully using this modified stent-assisted coiling technique. Initial results showed aneurysm occlusion of Raymond Class 1 in 10 patients, Class 2 in four patients, and Class 3 in three patients. The angiographic follow-up results for 13 patients (mean, 12.5 months) showed that all aneurysms remained stable or improved, without any in-stent stenosis or recurrence. Of the other four patients, three refused angiography for economic or personal reasons, and one was lost in follow-up. Clinical follow-up of 16 patients for a mean of 23.8 months showed no death or rebleeding. These results imply that endovascular treatment of ruptured tiny, wide-necked PcomA aneurysms using our modified stent-assisted coiling technique is safe and feasible. This technique improves the long-term outcomes of these aneurysms by increasing the packing density and diverting the intra-aneurysmal blood flow.     

微导管辅助栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的疗效分析

目的 探讨微导管辅助栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的可行性和疗效。方法 回顾性分析微导管辅助栓塞治疗的7例颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床资料。5例破裂动脉瘤，2例未破动脉瘤。治疗时，选择工作角度后，首先将辅助微导管成功超选至载瘤动脉远端血管；然后将弹簧圈微导管超选至动脉瘤内，在微导管的辅助下通过小心填塞弹簧圈栓塞动脉瘤，待动脉瘤栓塞满意后小心撤除微导管。结果 术后即刻造影显示，6例Raymond分级Ⅰ级栓塞，1例Ⅱ级栓塞。出院时，GOS评分4分1例，5分6例。术后6个月，4例复查DSA示载瘤动脉通畅，动脉瘤瘤腔未见明显显影，动脉瘤未见明显复发；2例电话随访无明显神经功能障碍。结论 微导管辅助栓塞作为破裂急性期或者伴有载瘤动脉明显狭窄和迂曲的颅内宽颈动脉瘤的治疗是安全有效的     

German Society of Neurosurgery Section on Vascular Neurosurgery: Position Statement on the International Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Trial (ISAT)

The outcome after a specific treatment (clipping or coiling) of ruptured intracranial aneurysms is determined by both the periprocedural complication rate and the success of preventing re-bleeding from the treated aneurysm. The latter is associated with a cumulative risk over many years, particularly in incompletely treated aneurysms. Incomplete occlusion of the aneurysm is not infrequently seen after endovascular coiling, even in cases with a perfect anatomical configuration. Therefore, we believe that the 1-year outcome as reported in the ISAT is not an appropriate endpoint for the comparison of both methods. There has also been a tendency to apply the 1-year ISAT data to all patients harbouring intracranial aneurysms. It is inappropriate and dangerous to be less critical when selecting the endovascular approach as the method of choice for treating an aneurysm. This will ultimately result in a higher complication rate of coiling. Another striking finding is the poor surgical outcome in the ISAT. This good-grade patient population (94 % were WFNS grade 1-3 and 89 % were WFNS grade 1-2) had an almost 10 % higher rate of poor outcome compared to other good-grade patients in large prospective surgical studies or the same outcome as trials that included up to 20 % poor-grade patients.[nl]Neurosurgeons should acknowledge that endovascular coiling is a safe method associated with less complications than clipping in experienced hands (Fig. ). Endovascular radiologists should acknowledge that the success of complete obliteration is higher after surgery, that incompletely occluded aneurysms have a higher rate of re-rupture and that the definitive long-term re-rupture rate still remains unknown. Therefore, we await with interest the angiographic and clinical follow-up data that will provide evidence about the final patient outcome.