狼疮性肾炎病理与临床特征相关性研究:49例报告

目的 探讨狼疮性肾炎病理与临床活动性以及实验室检查的关系.方法 对49例狼疮性肾炎患者进行肾活检及病理分型,分析各病理类型的临床活动性,实验室检查以及肾脏病理特点的关系.结果 所有患者均有病理学异常,Ⅳ、Ⅴ型临床多表现为肾病综合症,而Ⅱ、Ⅲ型多以隐匿性肾炎为主要表现;NIH、BI指标不仅能反应病理损伤情况,且与临床重要指标之间具有显著相关性;几乎所有病理积分以及重要的临床指标均提示Ⅳ型狼疮的活动性较强.结论 狼疮性肾炎的病理类型与临床活动性、实验室检查有一定联系;根据狼疮性肾炎的临床活动性积分、实验室检查可以大致推测其病理类型,估计肾损害的严重程度.     

狼疮性肾炎血管病变与抗心磷脂抗体相关性研究

目的探讨狼疮性肾炎(lupus hephritis,LN)病人血管病变与血抗心磷脂抗体阳性是否具有相关性。方法随机选择2005年9月至2008年9月于我院治疗的、ANCA检测阴性的狼疮性肾炎病人60例,对肾组织行HE、PAS、PASM、Masson及IgG、IgA、IgE、C3、C4、C1q等免疫组化染色,根据其病理特点进行光镜下狼疮性肾炎分型,包括II型、III型、IV型、V型、V+III型、V+IV型,并比较光镜下肾小球、肾血管病变类型、程度及血栓情况。对每位肾活检狼疮性肾炎病人予抗心磷脂抗体检测,同时检测ANA、ds-DNA、体液免疫系列、尿蛋白、尿沉渣、肾功能、血常规等。按抗心磷脂抗体阳性、阴性将病人分为两组,比较两组病人肾脏血管病变、临床表现及ANA、ds-DNA、体液免疫系列、补体等,进行统计学分析。结果①60例LN患者中23例(38.3%)抗心磷脂抗体阳性,而阳性患者中肾脏病理检查发现15例(65.2%)存在急慢性血管病变,包括纤维素样变性、内皮肿胀、动脉血栓、内膜增厚、透明变性、弹力层分层等。另外37例(61.7%)心磷脂抗体阴性患者中14例(37.8%)存在血管病变。②两组间ANA、体液免疫...     

狼疮性肾小球肾炎的病理分类进展

为了介绍2003年国际肾脏学协会(ISN)和肾脏病理学协会(RPS)关于狼疮性肾小球肾炎的病理分类,简要地回顾狼疮肾炎(LN)的临床和多种病理特征。2003年ISN/RPS制订的LN病理学分类与过去相比有较大不同,主要去除了Ⅴ型的亚型,不再将完全正常的肾脏列入Ⅰ型外,更加明确和细化了各分型的界定,并依据肾小球病变是节段性或球性对Ⅳ型LN进行再分类,这次分类使观察者之间的重复性大大提高。ISN/RPS关于狼疮性肾小球肾炎的分类已获得广泛的接受,达到了病理变化和临床特征相关联的目标,对诊断、治疗和预后有重要意义。     

隐源性急性肾衰竭80例临床和肾活检病理研究

目的探讨隐源性急性肾衰竭的临床表现和肾活检病理改变，揭示其病因、影响因素及转归预后，提高急性肾衰竭诊治水平。方法对80例急性肾实质性疾病所致的急性肾衰竭进行临床分析，并作肾活检进行病理研究，同时给予治疗。结果临床诊断原发性肾病综合征28例，狼疮性肾炎12例，急性肾炎综合征15例，慢性肾炎12例，紫癜性肾炎5例，药物性肾病4例，妊娠期肾病2例，血管炎2例。系膜增殖性肾炎19例，狼疮性肾炎16例，新月体肾炎10例，急性间质一小管病变7例，膜、增生性肾炎5例，膜性肾病2例，IgA肾炎6例，紫癜性肾炎7例，硬化性或增生硬化性肾炎7例，微小病变性肾病1例。治愈21例，缓解或部分缓解49例，无效5例，死亡5例。结论隐源性急性肾衰竭以肾小球病变占绝大多数，病理表现为肾小球损害且多合并肾间质一小管损害，激素疗法与透析联合治疗可使多数肾功能衰竭得到恢复，尽早肾活检明确病理诊断可显著提高治愈率。     

儿童肾活检977例病理及临床分析

目的回顾性分析小儿肾脏疾病的病理类型及临床特点。方法收集977例接受经皮肾活检患儿的病理诊断和临床资料,分析比较原发性肾小球疾病与继发性肾小球疾病的病理类型和临床特征。培果成功肾活检971例,其中原发性肾小球疾病755例（77．8％）,继发性肾小球疾病183例（18．8％）,先天性遗传性代谢性肾小球疾病18例（1．9％）。原发性肾小球疾病中,临床诊断前3位依次为孤立性血尿、肾病综合征和迁延性肾小球肾炎;病理类型前3位依次为肾小球轻微病变、局灶节段性肾小球硬化和局灶性肾小球肾炎。继发性肾小球疾病中,临床诊断前3位依次为紫癜性肾炎、乙型肝炎相关性肾小球肾炎和狼疮性肾炎;病理类型前3位依次为系膜增生性肾小球肾炎、肾小球轻微病变和膜性肾病。在18例先天性遗传性代谢性肾脏疾病中,有7例为薄基膜肾病。在临床诊断为孤立性血尿的患儿,肾活检病理类型中肾小球轻微病变所占百分比随患儿年龄的增长逐渐降低（P〈0．05）,而IgA肾病和局灶性肾小球肾炎所占百分比随患儿年龄的增长逐渐升高（P〈0．05）。结论本组资料中,儿童肾小球疾病以原发性肾小球疾病为主,临床表现和病理类型以血尿和肾小球轻微病变最为常见;小儿继发性肾小球疾病以紫癜性肾炎最为常见,病理类型以系膜增生性肾小球肾炎、肾小球轻微病变和膜性肾病为主;先天性遗传性肾脏疾病中薄基膜肾病最为常见。建议对6岁以上的孤立性血尿患儿行肾穿刺活检术。     

狼疮性肾炎患者尿蛋白量与肾脏病理改变相关性研究

[目的]从不同层面深入探讨狼疮性肾炎患者尿蛋白量与肾脏病理改变的关系。[方法]收集328例LN患者临床和病理资料，病理改变根据2003年ISN／RPS的标准进行分型，与患者24h尿蛋白量作相关统计分析。[结果]328例LN患者各病理类型之间24h尿蛋白量差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），相关分析提示24h尿蛋白量与病理类型存在等级相关关系，相关系数r=0．405（P=0．0001）；与AI、CI、IAI及TIL也存在正相关关系（P〈0．05），而与vL无相关性（P=0．683）。多因素相关回归分析发现24h尿蛋白量与肾脏病变中的纤维素样坏死，透明血栓．“白金耳”改变，肾小球硬化，肾小管变性、坏死，间质炎性细胞浸润，间质纤维化存在正相关关系（P〈0．05）；而与细胞增殖，新月体，肾小管萎缩的相关性无统计学意义。[结论]狼疮性肾炎患者尿蛋白量与肾脏病理改变存在一定的相关关系。结合其内在联系可推断肾脏病理改变，指导治疗和评价预后。     

肾活检在非典型狼疮性肾炎诊断中的价值

目的探讨肾活检在非典型狼疮性肾炎（LN）诊断中的价值。方法对23例非典型LN患者的临床和病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果23例患者肾活检前均未达到ACR诊断标准，其中误诊为原发性肾病综合征13例，慢性肾炎4例．无症状性血尿或（和）蛋白尿、过敏性紫癜、特发性膜性肾病各2例；所有病例经肾活检确诊为LN，病理分型为：Ⅱ型2例，Ⅲ型3例，Ⅳ型6例，Ⅴ型11例，Ⅲ型±Ⅴ型1例；临床表现为肾病综合征者肾脏病理分型多为Ⅴ型和Ⅳ型，慢性肾炎综合征者病理分型呈多样化。结论非典型LN临床表现无特异性，易误诊误治，肾活检对非典型LN的诊断具有重要价值。     

62例肾病综合征临床病理分析

目的探讨肾病综合征患者临床表现与肾脏病理的关系。方法对符合尿蛋白〉3．5g／24h及血清白蛋白〈30g／L诊断标准的62例肾病综合征患者进行经皮肾活检术，通过光镜、免疫病理及电镜检查明确病理分型。结果62例肾病综合征患者中常见的病理类型为系膜增生性肾小球肾炎（25．81％）、微小病变（17．74％）、IgA肾病（11．29％）、膜性肾病（8．07％）和狼疮性肾炎（27．42％），通过肾活检纠正5例临床诊断。结论肾活检病理对肾病综合症征诊断、治疗及预后评估有重要意义。     

Management of lupus nephritis at the Kenyatta National Hospital

In 7 years (1981-1988) at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) was made in 67 patients. In 23 of these patients lupus nephritis complicated the SLE. Lupus nephritis was diagnosed through renal biopsy, haematuria and proteinuria in urine with positive lupus erythematosus (LE) cell phenomenon. The histology found in these patients included 5 patients with minimal lesion, 7 patients with membranous, 3 with focal, 4 with diffuse, 3 with crescenteric and one with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. While patients with minimal, membranous and focal nephritis had general good outlook on low dose maintenance or intermittent high dose steroid therapy the others with diffuse, crescenteric and membranoproliferative nephritis had poor prognosis. Patients with diffuse proliferative, membranoproliferative and crescenteric nephritis tended to have septicaemia, pulmonary oedema, fluid overload and chronic renal failure with poor prognosis. These patients responded poorly to oral and parenteral steroid therapy whether high or low dose.     

儿童肾活检病理分析与临床意义探讨(附1 100例肾活检资料)

目的：了解1100例小儿肾小球疾病的病理类型分布及其与临床表现之间的关系。方法：总结我院1100例住院患儿的肾活检资料，按WHO1982例制定的肾小球疾病病理分类及1995年肾小球疾病组织学分型修订方案，结合临床资料、实验室检查结果，确定诊断。结果：原发性肾小球疾病919例（占83.5％），继发性肾小球疾病154例（14.0％），遗传性/先天性肾小球疾病19例（1.7％），其他无法归类的8例（0.7％）；其中微小病变102例（9.3％），轻微病变54例（4.9％），系膜增生583例（53.0％）膜性肾病62例（5.6％），膜增殖112例（10.2％），毛细血管内增生76例（6.9％），局灶节段性硬化71例（6.5％），新月体性肾炎6例（0.5％），急性肾小管坏死3例（0.3％），间质性肾炎5例（0.5％），溶血性尿毒综合征6例（0.5％），Alport性病1例（0.1％），肝豆状核变性1例（0.1％），脂蛋白肾小球病1例（0.1％）。结论：本组资料表明国内儿童阶段的肾小球疾病仍以原发性多见，病理类型以系膜增生性肾炎、轻微/微小病变性肾炎、膜增殖性肾炎等为主；在继发性肾小球疾病中以紫癜性肾炎占绝大多数，狼疮性肾炎次之。另外在儿童阶段亦不应忽视遗传性/先天性肾小球疾病的诊断。     

狼疮性肾炎的临床与免疫学特征分析

目的：分析180例狼疮性肾炎（lupus nephritis,LN）的临床特点、肾脏病理类型和免疫学异常的联系。方法：1995年8月～2009年12月在我科住院的经临床检查及肾活检病理诊断为LN的患者共180例。肾活检病理类型按照2003年ISN/RPS分型方案,临床资料来自病史记载,实验室指标取自首次肾活检时的检查结果。回顾性分析患者一般资料、病理类型分布、各病理类型的临床和免疫学特征。结果：180例患者LN患者肾外脏器损害临床表现中,以发热症状最常见,共124例（68.9%）;合并高血压者56例（31.1%）,血肌酐升高者（Scr≥133umol/l）47例（26.1%）。病理以Ⅳ型最常见,共76例（42.2%）;Ⅱ型70例（38.9%）,Ⅲ型16例（8.9%）,Ⅴ型12例（6.7%）,Ⅰ型4例（2.2%）,Ⅴ型2例（1.1%）。LN不同肾脏病理类型的肾外表现中,Ⅱ型患者发热、皮肤粘膜损害发生率显著高于其它病理类型（P〈0.05）,Ⅳ型浆膜炎发生率高于其它病理类型（P〈0.05）。血清ANA阳性与发热、低C3血症相关（P〈0.05）,血清A-sm阳性与皮肤粘膜损害相关（P〈0.05）,血清A-dsDNA阳性与贫血显著相关（P〈0.05）。结论：本组LN病理类型以Ⅳ型为主,Ⅱ型患者肾外表现较为突出,以发热、关节痛、皮肤损害等多见,LN不同病理类型具有一定的临床和免疫学特征,反映了不同的免疫发病机制。     

1 096例肾脏活检病理类型总结

目的回顾性总结1096例肾活检的病理结果．并分析其类型。方法对2000年1月～2005年4月间1096例肾脏活检的病理类型进行统计和总结。结果IgA肾病284例．系膜增生性肾小球肾炎253例,特发性膜性肾病92例．特发性FSGS77例,硬化性肾炎66例,膜增生性肾炎41例,毛细血管内增生性肾炎15例．新月体肾炎7例,微小病变4例;狼疮性肾炎111例．紫癜性肾炎18例,糖尿病肾病11例,肾脏淀粉样变性9例．慢性间质性’肾炎25例．急性肾小管坏死21例．急性间质性肾炎7例．高血压肾病21例,血管炎、先兆子痫、Alport综合征及Goodpasture综合征各1例。20例移植肾有12例为急性排斥病变．8例为慢性移植肾病。结论原发性贤小球肾炎是最常见的肾小球疾病,原发性疾病主要以IgA肾病最为常见;继发性疾病仍以狼疮性肾炎为主。     

慢性肾功能不全患者的病理类型分析

目的分析肾活检时表现为慢性肾功能不全患者（Scr≥130μmol/L）的患者病理类型及特点。方法选择我院2006年1月～2008年12月行肾脏活检时表现为血清肌酐升高（Scr≥130μmol/L）的所有慢性肾脏病患者共104例作为研究对象,分析其临床和病理特点。同时重点分析了增生硬化型IgA肾病的特点。结果 104例慢性肾脏病患者在肾活检时表现为肾功能异常,占同期肾活检患者的11.9%。这些患者的平均血清肌酐（235.11±114.4）μmol/L。临床诊断主要为：慢性肾小球肾炎63例,肾病综合征27例,系统性血管炎4例,系统性红斑狼疮3例。其中78例（75.0%）患者有高血压。病理类型主要表现为IgA肾病（46.2%,其中有70.8%的患者主要表现为增生硬化性肾炎）,其次是间质性肾炎,系膜增生性肾小球肾炎,新月体肾炎,局灶节段肾小球硬化,IV型狼疮性肾炎。其中,增生硬化型的IgA肾病患者血压升高更为突出,但是尿蛋白量更少。结论表现为慢性肾功能不全的患者病理上主要为IgA肾病,其中增生硬化性肾炎是主要病理表现,其次是肾小管间质病变。慢性病变是主要的病理特点。     

狼疮性肾炎病理类型与临床特点的相关性研究

目的：探讨狼疮性肾炎（lupus nephritis,LN）病理类型与其临床特点的相互关系。方法：回顾性总结2008～2009年在我院住院并行肾活检的100例LN患者的临床资料特点,肾活检病理分型按照2003年ISN/RPS分型方案,对LN病理类型与临床特点进行分析。结果：①各病理类型比例分别为Ⅰ型6%（6/100）,Ⅱ型28%（28/100）,Ⅲ型9%（9/100）,Ⅳ型42%（42/100）,Ⅴ型9%（9/100）,Ⅴ＋Ⅳ6%（6/100）。②Ⅰ型LN主要表现为隐匿性肾炎（占66.7%）,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ型LN主要表现为肾炎综合征（分别占75%、66.7%和66.7%）,Ⅳ、Ⅴ＋Ⅳ型LN主要表现为肾病综合征（分别占71.4%和66.7%）。肾功能不全型的发生率为29%,主要见于Ⅳ型LN。③各病理类型组间SLEDAI评分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。高血压主要出现在Ⅳ型（P〈0.05）,水肿主要出现在Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅴ＋Ⅳ型,余临床表现与各病理类型之间无明显的相关性（P〉0.05）。结论：LN病理类型以Ⅳ型最常见;Ⅰ型LN临床上主要表现为隐匿性肾炎,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ型LN主要表现为肾炎综合征,Ⅳ、Ⅴ＋Ⅳ型LN主要表现为肾病综合征,Ⅳ型LN较易发生肾功能不全;高血压多见于Ⅳ型LN。     

系统性红斑狼疮肾炎患者尿podocalyxin和Nephrin水平与肾损伤相关性分析

目的 探讨系统性红斑狼疮肾炎患者尿podocalyxin和Nephrin水平与肾损伤的相关性。 方法 选取2017年6月—2018年6月期间绍兴市人民医院收治的80例系统性红斑狼疮肾炎患者作为研究对象(LN组)，选取同期绍兴市人民医院体检的80例健康人群作为对照组，比较2组患者尿常规相关指标，不同肾损伤程度的LN患者尿podocalyxin、Nephrin与肌酸酐比值，采用ROC曲线分析尿podocalyxin、Nephrin与肌酸酐比值诊断LN患者肾损伤程度，并采用回归分析分析尿podocalyxin、Nephrin、肌酸酐比值与LN患者肾损伤程度的相关性。 结果 LN组尿podocalyxin、Nephrin、尿蛋白、血肌酐、Cr、UPx/Cr、UN/Cr、UP/Cr均显著高于对照组，补体C3和C4均显著低于对照组(均P＜0.05)；LN患者UPx/Cr随着ISN/RPS评分增加而显著增加；LN患者UPx/Cr与UN/Cr和ISN/RPS、AI以及CI评分均呈正相关；ROC曲线分析结果显示UPx/Cr的AUC最高，差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；回归分析结果显示UPx/Cr是LN患者肾损伤程度的预测因子。 结论 系统性红斑狼疮肾炎患者尿podocalyxin和Nephrin水平显著增高，UPx/Cr具有作为系统性红斑狼疮肾炎患者肾损伤严重程度的预测因子的潜在价值。      

Lupus nephritis. Clinicopathological correlation

OBJECTIVE: To classify all renal biopsies of lupus nephritis patients presenting in the last 10 years, according to the modified World Health Organization (WHO) classification using the facilities of light, fluorescent, and electron microscopy. To assess the activity and chronicity indices of renal biopsies according to the National Institute of Health protocol, and to correlate the histological findings with the clinical features of the patients presented up to the time of biopsy. METHODS: Seventy-eight patients with lupus nephritis, biopsied over 10 years between January 1995 to December 2005 in King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were reviewed by 2 histopathologists with the assistance of a nephrologist. RESULTS: The predominant histological type was WHO class IV. Patients of this class were more commonly associated with microhematuria, elevated proteinuria, and renal insufficiency. Active and chronic lesions were more likely to occur in patients of class III/IV. These patients were also more likely to have evidence of clinical renal disease than patients in class II. There was a significant association between nephrotic syndrome and class V lupus nephritis. CONCLUSION: Although the clinical and pathological correlation demonstrated a significant relationship between underlying histopathology and the clinical course of the patient, however, the biopsy findings did not uniformly correlate with the clinical features. Moreover, the status prediction of lupus nephritis patients based on clinical information alone was significantly enhanced by information obtained from renal biopsy.     

LUPUS NEPHRITIS COMPLICATED WITH MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION： FROM RENAL VASCULAR PATHOLOGY TO CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological characteristics of lupus nephritis patients complicated with malignant hypertension. Methods We retrospectively studied 19 patients with lupus nephritis complicated with malignant hypertension who underwent renal biopsy between January 2002 and December 2006. Results Of 19 patients, 3 were men and 16 were women, with a mean age of 24.4±7.7 years old. All had posi-tive antinuclear antibodies and low serum complement was found in 13 patients. All were anemic and 12 of them were thrombocytopenic. Impaired renal function was found in 17 patients with an average serum creatinine of 184.5±88.9μmol/L. Severe intrarenal arteriolar lesion was found in all patients. Six patients had lupus vasculopathy, 11 patients had renal thrombotic microangiopathy lesion, 2 had severe arteriosclerosis. All patients received steroids and immuno-suppressive drugs, 15 received angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor （ACEI）/angiotensin receptor blocker （ ARB ） with resultant well-controlled blood pressure. Thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia resolved remarkably. The renal function improved or recovered in 14 of 17 patients, and 3 developed end-stage renal disease on mainte-nance dialysis. Conclusions Severe intrarenal vascular lesion complicated with renal nephritis parallels clinical manifestation of malignant hypertension. Renal pathology is the key of treatment strategy emphasizing on the significance of renal vascular involvement and type. On the basis of immunosuppressive drugs and steroids to control systemic lupus activity, timely initiation of ACEI/ARB could be of benefit to blood pressure control and long term renal survival.     

158例肾活检病理及临床分析

目的回顾性总结158例肾活检的病理结果,分析其病理类型及临床分类特点。方法总结我院158例肾活检病理资料,分析其病理类型与临床分类特点。结果158例肾活检中原发性肾小球疾病125例(79.11%),继发性肾小球疾病33例(20.89%)。原发性肾小球疾病病理类型最多的是系膜增生型肾炎,第二位是IgA肾病,继发性肾小球疾病以紫癜性肾炎病理类型最多。原发性肾小球疾病临床分布最多的前三位依次是肾病综合征、慢性肾炎、IgA肾病。其中肾病综合征的病理类型主要是系膜增生型和膜性肾病,慢性肾炎的主要病理类型是系膜增生型和肾小球硬化。结论原发性肾小球疾病是最常见的肾小球疾病,肾活检病理类型以系膜增生型肾炎、IgA肾病最多,临床类型则以肾病综合征、慢性肾炎、IgA肾病最为多见。     

Treatment options in lupus nephritis

Like systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) itself, manifestations of lupus nephritis are highly varied in their clinical presentation, ranging from mild proteinuria to rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis causing renal insufficiency within weeks. The clinical variability is in keeping with the broad spectrum of histological abnormalities present in renal biopsy specimens from these patients. The therapeutic modalities currently being used in lupus nephritis include oral steroids, pulse methylprednisolone and cytotoxic drugs such as cyclophosphamide and azathioprine either singly or in combinations, depending on the World Health Organisation morphologic classification of the disease. The use of plasmapheresis for proliferative lupus nephritis (WHO class III and IV) and cyclosporin for membranous lupus nephritis (WHO class V) is based on open trials, but not supported by randomised controlled trials. This review assesses the therapeutic modalities available for the treatment of lupus nephritis, giving the available evidence from the literature and acknowledging that none of them might be perfect.     

Pathological demography of native patients in a nephrology center in China

Objective To analysis the pathological demography in Chinese patients undergoing renal biopsy from our niphrology center. Methods Between January 1979 and October 2000 in Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China, 10002 attempts of percutaneous renal were performed in patients with renal disease from 33 provinces of China. The pathological classifications were made according to the WHO criteria of 1982 for renal pathology or the modified WHO criteria of 1995 by a panel of pathologists and nephrologists during routine clinical-pathological rounds. The pathological demography between those specimens collected from 1979-1989 and those from 1990-1999 was compared.Results The mean age of the 10 002 subjects undergoing renal biopsy was 31.4±13.0 years (ranging from 1 to 78 years), with a male to female ratio of 1.3∶1; for the 592 renal transplant recipients, the mean age was 37.5±9.1 years (ranging from 16 to 66 years), with a male to female ratio of 2.36∶1. Primary glomerular diseases (PGD) accounted for 71% of the total patients undergoing renal biopsies, secondary glomerular nephritis (SGN) 23%, tubular-interstitial diseases 3.2%, unclassified renal diseases 1.3%, hereditary and congenital renal diseases 1.0%, end stage renal diseases 0.96%, and recently realized or rare renal diseases 0.15%. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was the most frequent pathological pattern (40%) of PGD, followed by mesangial proliferative lesion (MsPL) (30%), membranous nephropathy (MN) (10%), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (6%). Lupus nephritis (LN) was the most pathology common seen (74%) in SGN. During the 22 years of the study period, there was a steady increase in patients with SGN discovered during pathological evaluation of renal disorders. A rise in prevalence was found in IgA nephropathy, MN (both P<0.001), crescentic glomerulonephritis (P<0.0001), anti-GBM disease, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome/thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura related renal damages (both P<0.001). There was a decrease in endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis (P<0.001) and IgM nephropathy (IgMN) (P<0.01) from 1990-1999 as compared to 1979-1989. Infrequent renal pathological entities were also diagnosed in this group, including Niemann Pick disease, Fabry’s disease, POEMS syndrome, and lipoprotein glomerulonephropathy. Conclusions This is the largest series of renal biopsy data in China, and therefore may reflect the demographic picture of renal diseases in this country. Changes in prevalence of renal pathological entities were reflected in this group of patients over the last 22 years. In primary glomerular diseases, IgA nephropathy is still the most frequently observed pathological pattern. In SGN, LN appeared the most often. Increased prevalence was found in anti-GBM nephritis and HUS/TTP.