Curcumin attenuates spatial memory impairment by anti-oxidative,anti-apoptosis,and anti-inflammatory mechanism against methamphetamine neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats: Histological and biochemical changes

ObjectiveMethamphetamine is used extensively around the world as a psychostimulant. The complications related to methamphetamine include methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity, mainly involving intraneuronal processes, such as oxidative stress and excitotoxicity. Curcumin is effective against neuronal injury due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we examined the protective effects of curcumin against methamphetamine neurotoxicity.MethodsSixty male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: control (n = 12), DMSO (n = 12), methamphetamine (n = 12), and methamphetamine + curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, intraperitoneal [IP]; n = 12). Neurotoxicity was induced by 40 mg/kg of methamphetamine administrated through 4 injections (4 × 10 mg/kg, q2h, IP). Curcumin (100 and 200 mg/kg) was administered at 7 days after the last methamphetamine injection. By using a Morris water maze task, the hippocampus-dependent memory and spatial learning were evaluated 1 day after the last curcumin injection. Then, the animal brains were isolated for biochemical measurements, as well as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1(Iba-1) and caspase-3 immunohistochemical staining.ResultsThe current study demonstrated that administration of curcumin significantly attenuates spatial memory impairment (P < 0.01) following methamphetamine neurotoxicity. Curcumin caused a significant increase in the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05). However, it decreased tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde (P < 0.01) levels as compared to the methamphetamine group. Also, curcumin significantly reduced Iba-1 (P < 0. 01), GFAP and caspase-3 positive cells in the hippocampus (P < 0.001).ConclusionCurcumin exerted neuroprotective effects on methamphetamine neurotoxicity because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect.     

基于“证治代谢组学”假说探讨中药（单体/复方）药效物质基础的研究思路与实践＊

中药(单体/复方)药效物质基础研究是中医药现代研究的关键问题之一。然而,目前运用的生化和分子生物学方法很难诠释其多靶点、整体性和动态性的整合调节作用。课题组提出的"证治代谢组学"假说理论指出,不同的证候存在"证相关代谢谱群"和"证相关生物标志物",这可能是中药药效物质基础所在,辨证论治后偏离的代谢网络功能呈现回归趋势。基于"证治代谢组学"假说开展中药(单体/复方)药效物质基础研究,这将为阐释中药(单体/复方)防病治病和养生保健的科学内涵及其对疾病个体的整合调节作用提供新的思路。本文以冠心病为研究载体、气阴虚血瘀证为切入点、活血保心丸为干预措施,就该研究思路的内涵与总体模式、提出的背景与依据、实践的方式与可行性、创新与特色及其研究意义等进行了简要介绍。     

国外一流大学公共卫生硕士研究生教育的经验与启示

为借鉴国外一流大学硕士研究生教育先进经验,本研究以哈佛大学、约翰霍普金斯大学和伦敦卫生与热带医学院为研究对象,分析对比其公共卫生硕士研究生培养模式、课程设置及教学资源等方面的优势和特点,为我国公共卫生与预防医学硕士研究生教育改革发展提供参考。     

基于柯式四级评估法的南京市浦口区基层卫生人员培训效果及影响因素分析

目的 采用柯氏四级评估法,系统评价南京市浦口区基层卫生人员的培训效果,为基层卫生人员在职培训方案设计提供依据。方法 通过问卷调查浦口区所有基层医疗卫生机构在岗工作人员的基本情况、培训现况和培训效果,共收集有效问卷428份。采用SPSS 16.0软件进行统计分析,二元或有序Logistic回归筛选相关因素。结果 反映评估中,49.6%（192/387）的人认为参加培训很有意义;学习评估中,51.4%（220/428）的人了解本专业的前沿知识;行为评估中,40.3%（156/387）的人广泛应用了培训的内容;结果评估中,41.3%（177/428）的人表示自己的工作质量非常高。培训频率、时长、专业类别和职称是培训效果的影响因素。结论 总体来看,基层卫生人员培训效果并不理想。提高培训的频率、加强卫生人员对培训重要性的认知、延长培训时长可以有效增强培训效果。     

双酚F暴露后对小鼠肝脏神经递质代谢的影响

目的：探讨双酚F（bisphenol F,BPF）对肝脏中色氨酸（tryptophan,TRP）及酪氨酸（tyrosine,TYR）代谢的影响,阐明其代谢稳态扰乱后神经递质的代谢特点。方法：SPF级C57BL/6J小鼠经灌胃给予不同浓度的BPF[40、400、4 000 μg/（kg·d）],连续灌胃30 d,通过超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,UHPLC-MS/ MS）法观察BPF暴露后小鼠肝脏TRP、TYR来源神经递质代谢特点及水平的改变。结果：BPF暴露后引起小鼠肝脏TRP、TYR 水平下降,其中 TRP 代谢途径的神经递质 5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT）水平明显下降,相反,犬尿氨酸（kynurenine, KYN）水平显著上升;TYR代谢途径中,TYR及其代谢产物多巴胺（dopamine,DA）水平显著下降;其他兴奋性神经递质如谷氨酸（glutamate,GLU）、γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）、天冬氨酸（aspartic acid,ASP）、甘氨酸（glycine,GLY）水平亦明显降低。结论：BPF暴露可抑制TRP、TYR及多个兴奋性神经递质的代谢,促进TRP通路中5-HT向KYN代谢转化,对肝脏神经递质代谢的探讨可为BPF持续暴露导致的肝脏及神经精神性病变提供依据。     

疫情防控常态化背景下疫苗集中接种点医务人员职业倦怠现况调查

目的 本研究调查新冠疫苗全面接种时期相关医务人员的职业倦怠状况,探讨个体因素以及社会支持对倦怠水平的影响。方法 在南京市12个行政区中随机抽取4个辖区的新冠疫苗集中接种点,将全部医务人员共428名作为研究对象进行问卷调查,问卷包括人口学特征、中文版职业倦怠量表和社会支持量表。结果 医务人员情感耗竭、人格解体、个人成就感降低维度得分分别为(17.99±7.89)、(7.20±3.52)和(12.07±5.30)分。多元线性回归分析结果显示,上司支持(β=-0.180, P< 0.05)、同事支持(β=-0.180, P< 0.05)为情感耗竭的保护因素,已婚、问诊岗位为情感耗竭的危险因素(β=0.161、β=0.095,P值均< 0.05),女性是人格解体的保护因素(β=-0.096,P< 0.05),亲友支持(β=-0.235, P< 0.05)是人格解体的保护因素,已婚是人格解体的危险因素(β=0.142,P< 0.05),同事支持(β=-0.168, P< 0.05)、亲友支持(β=-0.210, P< 0.05)、工龄(β=-0.154, P< 0.05)为个人成就感降低的保护因素,硕士学历是个人成就感降低的危险因素(β=0.126,P < 0.05)。结论 重视提高全方面社会支持,重点关注已婚、男性、硕士学历以及较短工龄医务人员的心理健康。     

类风湿关节炎患者健康管理服务研究进展

类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis, RA)是一种常见的以关节破坏为特征的慢性炎症性自身免疫病,但在临床实践中,RA患者因缺乏就医条件及合适的健康管理服务,导致治疗达标率低。健康管理是对个体或群体的健康实现全面、全过程的健康保健服务。其中,慢性病健康管理能有效改善慢性病的治疗效果。而整合型卫生服务通过调整服务方式和协同机制,能在不增加或少增加卫生总投入的前提下,有效提高整体的卫生服务效率和服务质量。此文系统梳理国内外RA健康管理服务进展及慢性病整合型卫生服务经验,有望为开展RA患者健康管理提供思路。     

全球结核分枝杆菌谱系分布与耐药分析

  目的  绘制全球结核分枝杆菌复合群(Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, MTBC)地理分布图,描述不同地区的MTBC主要谱系分布及耐药情况。  方法  利用TB-Profiler平台MTBC全基因组测序数据和耐药检测结果,绘制全球MTBC谱系分布图,并根据不同地域、亚谱系的层次结构进行可视化分析。  结果  Lineage 4谱系在全球分布最广,Lineage 2谱系耐药发生率最高。  结论  世界范围内MTBC谱系的地理分布及不同谱系间耐药情况存在差异。     

Construction and evaluation of an alcohol vapor chamber system

An increasing number of studies demonstrated that alcohol vapor chamber is an effective way to model physical signs of alcohol use disorders. Although researchers are developing different vapor chambers to study chronic alcohol exposure model worldwide, few studies build and modify their own vapor chambers in China. Here, we designed and established an alcohol vapor chamber system for small animals. We described a paradigm showing how to control and monitor alcohol concentration in whole system. The vapor chamber system with several advantages including accommodating up to ten standard mouse cages. Furthermore, the system was tested by evaluating the blood alcohol concentration and neuron injury in mice. Importantly, the alcohol withdrawal after vapor exposure caused motor coordination impairment, anxiolytic- and depression-like behavior. Finally, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-mediated glutamatergic transmissions in the medial prefrontal cortex was changed after alcohol vapor exposure-induced behaviors. The frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents between control and alcohol groups were not different, suggesting that alcohol exposure-induced behaviors are associated with the change in NMDAR response. Taken together, the new alcohol vapor chamber system was constructed, which would help to research the relationship between the stable alcohol exposure and withdrawal behaviors and to study chronic alcohol exposure-induced disorders in China.     

Washed microbiota transplantation stopped the deterioration of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The first case report and narrative review

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is known as a progressive paralysis disorder characterized by degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons, and has an average survival time of three to five years. Growing evidence has suggested a bidirectional link between gut microbiota and neurodegeneration. Here we aimed to report one female case with ALS, who benefited from washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), an improved fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), through a transendoscopic enteral tube during a 12-month follow-up. Notedly, the accidental scalp trauma the patient suffered later was treated with prescribed antibiotics that caused ALS deterioration. The subsequent rescue WMTs successfully stopped the progression of the disease with a quick improvement. The plateaus and reversals occurred during the whole course of WMT. The stool and blood samples from the first WMT to the last were collected for dynamic microbial and metabolomic analysis. We observed the microbial and metabolomic changing trend consistent with the disease status. This case report for the first time shows the direct clinical evidence on using WMT for treating ALS, indicating that WMT may be the novel treatment strategy for controlling this so-called incurable disease.