肝癌组织差异表达基因cDNA序列的筛选与鉴定

目的：筛选并鉴定肝癌组织特异表达基因。方法：通过菌落原位杂交技术筛选用抑制消减杂交法构建肝癌与癌旁肝组织差异表达基因消减cDNA文库，用PCR方法进一步筛选出有插入片段的阳性克隆，将阳性克隆进行DNA测序和同源性比较分析，用Northern印迹方法对新的cDNA序列进行初步鉴定。结果：从消减文库中随机挑取的100个白色克隆中筛选出13个阳性克隆，DNA测序获得11个不同的cDNA序列；同源性比较分析表明，6个cDNA片段与在基因高度同源，5个cDNA片段为新的序列。其长度大于300bp的3个新序列，Norther印迹证实它都来源于肝癌组织。结论：用抑制消减杂交方法构建的肝癌差异表达基因消减cDNA文库富含肝癌特异表达基因，经验证的3个新的cDNA序列可能为肝癌特异的基因序列。     

大学生自我概念发展状况研究

目的；研究大学生自我概念发展状况。方法：采用田纳西自我概念量表（TSCS）测量了477名大学生的自我概念状况。并进行了不同层面的分析。结果：大学生的自我概念在总体上是比较积极的，在性别，年级，成绩，家庭经济条件，是否独生子女，是否学生干部上存在着差异。但不存在文理专业和城乡的差异。结论：这一结果将使大学生的心理健康教育更具有针对性和有效性。     

抗SARS-CoV抗原的人源Fab段噬菌体抗体库的构建

目的 :利用抗SARS冠状病毒IgG抗体阳性的SARS康复患者外周血淋巴细胞 ,构建人源Fab段抗体文库。方法 :制备外周血淋巴细胞总RNA ,逆转录成cDNA。以其为模板 ,利用针对家族特异性Ig基因的引物扩增重链Fd段和轻链基因 ,并重组到噬菌粒载体pComb3中 ,将重组噬菌粒载体电转化大肠杆菌XL 1Blue,酶切鉴定抗体库的重组率 ,并测定噬菌体抗体库的库容量。结果 :构建了源于SARS康复患者血清中抗Fab段的抗体文库 ,轻链、重链Fd段基因的重组率分别为91%和 75 % ,库容量为 7.2 3× 10 7。结论 :成功地构建了抗SARS CoV抗原的人源Fab段噬菌体抗体库     

Associations between interpersonal violence victimisation and concussions among US college students

Interpersonal violence is common on college campuses and is associated with many adverse health outcomes; however, it remains unknown whether experiencing interpersonal violence victimisation is associated with concussions. The aim of this study was to estimate the associations between interpersonal violence, including emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual assault, and concussions among a large, diverse sample of college students. We analysed cross-sectional data from the 2018–2019 national (US) Healthy Minds Study (N = 1,478). Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the association between interpersonal violence victimisation (any violence victimisation, emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual assault) and concussion history (any concussion, diagnosed concussion and undiagnosed concussion), while adjusting for potential confounders. Analyses were conducted among the overall sample and separately by male and female participants. Results showed patterns of significant associations between interpersonal violence victimisation and concussions among the overall sample and among male and female participants. Among the overall sample, any interpersonal violence victimisation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13–1.88), emotional abuse (AOR 1.36, 95% CI 1.06–1.76), physical abuse (AOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.07–2.44) and sexual assault (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.44–3.26) were associated with higher odds of any concussion history. Sexual assault victimisation had the strongest association with any concussion history among male (AOR 1.96, 95% CI 1.04–3.71) and female (AOR 2.96, 95% CI 1.62–5.43) participants. These results expand on prior interpersonal violence and concussion research by showing an association with multiple victimisation measures among a large and diverse sample of college students. Medical professionals should screen for concussions among college students who experience emotional abuse, physical abuse and sexual assault to provide appropriate guidance. Information on the symptoms of concussions should be incorporated into campus violence awareness and prevention efforts.     

人际心理治疗48例有儿童期虐待史大学生的焦虑障碍效果分析

目的 研究儿童期创伤焦虑障碍大学生接受人际心理治疗(IPT)的效果。方法 将某高校心理健康咨询中发现的、符合研究标准的48例焦虑障碍大学生用抛币法随机分组,治疗组25例和对照组23例,对治疗组实施IPT,在入组时和治疗结束后分别对患者进行焦虑自评量表(SAS)、功能大体评定量表(GAF)、心理弹性量表(CD-RISC)、不安全感心理自评量表(SRFIS)和抑郁症状清单评估。结果 治疗因素和时间因素分别对焦虑自评分、抑郁清单总分、大体功能分、心理不安全感分和心理弹性分存在主效应作用(F=7.407～295.961,P<0.05),且治疗因素和时间因素存在交互作用(F=5.262～81.958,P<0.05)。相关分析发现,治疗后抑郁清单总分减少值、焦虑自评分减少值、大体功能分增加值分别与治疗后心理不安全感减少值、心理弹性分增加值呈正相关(r=0.456～0.894,P<0.05)。结论 IPT能够改善48名儿童期创伤焦虑障碍患者的焦虑抑郁症状和心理社会功能,病情的改善程度与患者心理不安全感的减轻和心理复原力的增强有关。     

862名医学院校低年级大学生HIV检测行为及影响因素分析

目的 了解四川省某医学院校低年级大学生HIV检测情况及影响因素,为制定在校大学生艾滋病防控教育措施,提高HIV检测率提供参考依据。方法 2021年3月,在四川省泸州市某医学院校对4门选修课共11个班级的学生进行问卷调查,调查内容包括艾滋病基本知识知晓情况、艾滋病自评感染风险、性态度、HIV检测情况、恋爱及性行为经历等。采用单因素logistic回归进行单因素分析,采用多因素logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果 本次调查共纳入大一、大二学生862例。6.4%(55/853)的调查对象有过HIV检测史。89.8%(767/854)的调查对象表示愿意在每次高危行为后都主动进行HIV检测。年龄>18岁(OR=1.990,95%CI:1.021～3.878)、自评有HIV感染风险(OR=1.940,95%CI:1.073～3.509)、知道HIV检测可快速实现(OR=2.401,95%CI:1.329～4.337)、发生过性行为(OR=2.591,95%CI:1.208～5.560)是HIV检测的促进因素。结论 应在大学生群体中加强HIV检测知识和可及性的宣传,同时加强艾滋病防控教育,提高大学生的HIV感染风险意识。     

天津市女大学生原发性痛经的现状及影响因素分析

目的 了解天津市女大学生原发性痛经的现状,探讨其影响因素。方法 2016年3月—2017年3月,以天津3所医学类院校和3所非医学类院校的女大学生作为研究对象,采用方便抽样的方法,发放自填式问卷进行调查。结果 在被调查的940名天津市在校女大学生中,原发性痛经的发生率为45.3%,其中,医学生(42.2%)与非医学生(49.5%)比较(χ2=5.009,P=0.025),两组之间痛经发生率的差异有统计学意义。多因素分析显示,年龄大、非医学专业、经期着凉、经期久坐不动与原发性痛经明显相关(P<0.05)。结论 原发性痛经在天津市在校女大学生中具有较高的发生率,与经期的不良行为习惯有关,应在大学生群体中积极开展月经期保健知识的健康教育。     

某医学院校大学新生艾滋病知晓现状及相关因素的调查分析

目的 了解医学院校大学新生艾滋病知晓情况及影响因素,为今后高校开展大学生防治艾滋病健康教育提供参考。方法 对河南某医学院校大一新生进行艾滋病知晓情况调查,内容包括一般人口学特征、“艾滋病国八条”、其他艾滋病防治知识等。采用SPSS 21.0 软件对新生知晓情况进行统计描述,对影响新生艾滋病知识知晓率的因素进行单因素分析,采用 logistic 回归分析其知晓率的影响因素。结果 4 520名新生对“艾滋病国八条”以及其他艾滋病防治知识总体知晓率为69.8%。单因素分析结果显示:性别(χ2=120.733,P<0.001)、生源地(χ2=236.379,P<0.001)、专业类别(χ2=34.051,P<0.001)、父母学历(χ2=51.408,P<0.001)、是否有过性行为(χ2=5.409,P<0.05)、是否愿意在学校加入宣传艾滋病学生社团(χ2=29.679,P<0.001)、是否愿意在学校参加艾滋病相关讲座(χ2=15.735,P<0.001)、艾滋病在学生群体中的形势很严峻(χ2=114.371,P<0.001)等因素影响学生知晓率,差异有统计学意义。logistic逐步回归法结果显示:性别(OR=2.574)、生源地(OR=3.740)、愿意加入艾滋病学生社团(OR=1.643)、愿意参加艾滋病知识讲座(OR=1.288)是大学新生知晓艾滋病防治知识的促进因素。结论 医学院校大一新生对艾滋病防治知识知晓水平偏低,应结合新生的特点以及学校的优势,有针对性地开展艾滋病防治健康宣教,从而为高校艾滋病预防和控制工作提供参考。     

我国本科医学院校布局及其区域差异性研究

目的:了解当前我国本科医学院校的布局,并对其区域差异性进行深入分析。方法:对院校数量、院校水平利用频数、构成比进行描述性统计;研究院校地区、省份的分布,对区域GDP总量、区域人口与院校规模做相关性分析;用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数、泰尔指数深入分析院校分布差异性。结果:我国开设医学类专业的本科院校有420所,且分布不均匀;院校水平不一,硕、博点分布不均衡。各省级行政区域的院校硕、博研究生规模主要与该区域GDP总量高度相关,在校生总规模及本科生规模与该区域人口总数相关性更高。院校分布的差异主要源于地区内部,地区间的差异也不容忽视。结论:我国本科医学院校数量相对不足;院校水平不一,硕、博点分布不均;院校分布存在区域差异,需促进区域均衡发展。     

The Effects of Sleep Quality and Resilience on Perceived Stress,Dietary Behaviors,and Alcohol Misuse: A Mediation-Moderation Analysis of Higher Education Students from Asia,Europe, and North America during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the already high levels of stress that higher education students experience. Stress influences health behaviors, including those related to dietary behaviors, alcohol, and sleep; yet the effects of stress can be mitigated by resilience. To date, past research studying the connections between dietary behaviors, alcohol misuse, sleep, and resilience commonly investigated singular relationships between two of the constructs. The aim of the current study was to explore the relationships between these constructs in a more holistic manner using mediation and moderation analyses. Methods: Higher education students from China, Ireland, Malaysia, South Korea, Taiwan, the Netherlands, and the United States were enrolled in a cross-sectional study from April to May 2020, which was during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic for most participants. An online survey, using validated tools, was distributed to assess perceived stress, dietary behaviors, alcohol misuse, sleep quality and duration, and resilience. Results: 2254 students completed the study. Results indicated that sleep quality mediated the relationship between perceived stress and dietary behaviors as well as the relationship between perceived stress and alcohol misuse. Further, increased resilience reduced the strength of the relationship between perceived stress and dietary behaviors but not alcohol misuse. Conclusion: Based on these results, higher education students are likely to benefit from sleep education and resilience training, especially during stressful events.