人工硬膜治疗脊柱后路手术中脑脊液漏

目的 探讨人工硬膜覆盖硬膜囊漏口治疗脊柱后路手术中脑脊液漏的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析海军军医大学长征医院2016年1月—2018年12月脊柱后路手术中发生脑脊液漏的101例患者临床资料,根据治疗方案分为对照组(n=56,术中采用明胶海绵覆盖硬膜囊漏口)和试验组(n=45,术中采用可吸收人工硬膜覆盖硬膜囊漏口).观察2组患者术后脑脊液漏发生率、术后并发症发生率、术后48 h引流量、引流管留置时间、切口愈合时间等的差异.结果 对照组术后脑脊液漏发生率为76.79％,术后并发症发生率为32.14％,术后48 h引流量为(352.55±75.11)mL,引流管留置时间为(7.55±2.38)d,切口愈合时间为(15.78±2.36)d.试验组脑脊液漏发生率为15.56％,术后并发症发生率为6.67％,术后48 h引流量为(160.02±50.05)mL,引流管留置时间为(1.87±0.69)d,切口愈合时间为(14.16±1.89)d.试验组术后脑脊液漏发生率、术后并发症发生率、术后48 h引流量、引流管留置时间、切口愈合时间均显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 人工硬膜可显著降低术后脑脊液漏及相关并发症发生率,显著缩短引流管留置时间及切口愈合时间,是治疗脊柱后路手术中脑脊液漏的有效手段.     

Endovascular treatment of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis with low profile visualized intraluminal support stent

ObjectiveSevere intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis has become one of the main causes resulting transient ischemic attack and stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) stent in treating symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.MethodsData of 31 patients with at least 70% stenosis treated with LVIS stent in our center were retrospectively collected between July 2017 and November 2020. Further evaluation of lesion characteristics, technical success rate, preoperative complication, clinical and angiographic follow-up outcome, delayed in-stent stenosis were conducted.ResultsStent delivery and deployment were successfully achieved in all 31 patients (100%). 22 cases (71%) were located in anterior circulation and 9 cases (29%) were located in posterior circulation. The mean degree of stenosis lesion before stent deployment was 85.6 ± 9.4%, while after stenting was 11.2 ± 11.8%. One patient suffered from ischemic complication in stenting procedure, and timely delivery of rt-PA successfully recanalized the artery. Clinical follow-up was available in all 31patients (100%) with mean follow-up time 15.0 ± 12.1(3–45) months. No patients experienced the recurrence of stroke or TIA or death after discharge. Angiographic follow-up was available in 21patients (67.7%) with mean follow-up time 11.43 ± 6.8 (6–36) months. 19 patients (90.5%) were stable while 2 patients (9.5%) developed ISR in their last angiographic follow-up. The 2 patients received balloon angioplasty and reached satisfactory results after retreatment.ConclusionThis preliminary study suggests that LVIS stent deployment was a feasible approach in treating intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis with satisfactory procedure success rate, low complication rate and favorable long-term outcome.     

Role of antithymocyte globulin in patients with hematologic diseases undergoing umbilical cord blood transplantation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The role of antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in patients with hematologic diseases undergoing umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively evaluate this issue. PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched. Clinical studies reporting the impact of ATG- vs non-ATG-containing conditioning regimens on transplantation outcomes were identified. Twenty-five studies were included. ATG significantly prevented grade II-IV and grade III-IV acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) (11 studies, 5020 patients, HR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.42-0.56, P < .001; 5 studies, 5490 patients, HR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.46-0.80, P < .001) but not chronic GVHD (8 studies, 5952 patients, HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.51-1.20, P = .266). However, use of ATG was associated with increased transplantation-related mortality and inferior overall survival (9 studies, 4244 patients, HR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.38-2.33, P < .001; 8 studies, 5438 patients, HR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.56-2.46, P < .001). Our study did not recommend routine use of ATG in UCBT. Individualizing the ATG timing and dose based on patient characteristics to retain the prophylactic effects of ATG on GVHD without compromising the survival of UCBT recipients may be reasonable.     

2019年度海军青少年航空学校学生入校体检眼科淘汰原因分析

目的 分析青少年航空学校学生入校体检眼科淘汰原因以及各校之间差异,探索眼科标准掌握及科学检测方法,为进一步提高招生体检质量,提供科学依据。 方法 对2019年度青少年航空学校学生入校体检眼科淘汰原因分类整理,对部分项目淘汰构成比进行差异性分析,随机将14个不同省市青少年航空学校学生划分为三个组,分析三个组体检淘汰情况差异性。 结果 眼科体检共3583名,淘汰1657名,淘汰率46.25%,淘汰率占前三位的是远视力不足(34.25%)、隐斜视超标(2.32%)、屈光度超标(2.04%),14所青少年航空学校远视力不足淘汰率差异性较大(14.00-59.50%),淘汰构成比差异比较大的项目分别是：隐斜视超标(1.2-22.89%)、屈光超标(0-21.92%)、眼压超标(0-23.68%)、角膜地形图异常(0-38.89%),三个体检组体检淘汰率差异分析,有统计学差异(P＜0.05)。 结论 眼科居招收青少年航空学校学生体检淘汰项目的首位,如何准确把握标准、优化体检流程搞好眼科体检,是提高青少年航空学校学生入校体检质量的关键。     

新型冠状病毒感染者脊柱外科急诊手术的围手术期管理专家共识

自2019年12月以来,已有200余个国家和地区相继报道了新型冠状病毒感染病例,世界卫生组织（WHO）于2020年3月12日宣布新型冠状病毒全球大流行,截至6月18日,全球已累计有824万余人感染,44万余人死亡,对全世界医疗、政治和经济领域影响巨大^［1-2］。WHO将其命名为“2019冠状病毒感染性疾病”（COVID-19）,病原体被命名为重症急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）^［3-6］。按照《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》,COVID-19被纳入乙类传染病,采取甲类传染病的预防控制措施^［7］。