老年性阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆患者的行为和精神症状的比较

目的探讨阿尔茨海默病痴呆患者的行为和精神症状。方法选取本院2011年5月至2015年5月诊治的痴呆性老年患者80例,其中血管性痴呆(VD)患者40例为VD组,阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者40例为AD组,均行AD行为评分表(Behave-AD)评定,比较两组患者的行为和精神症状。结果 AD组患者偏执和妄想发生率、行为紊乱发生率、攻击行为发生率、焦虑和恐惧发生率均明显高于VD组,AD组患者偏执和妄想评分、行为紊乱评分、攻击行为评分、焦虑和恐惧评分、总评分均明显高于VD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。AD组患者幻觉发生率高于VD组,AD组患者日间节律紊乱发生率、情感障碍发生率均低于VD组,AD组患者幻觉评分高于VD组,AD组患者日间节律紊乱评分、情感障碍评分均低于VD组,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 AD患者偏执和妄想、行为紊乱、攻击行为、焦虑和恐惧等病症较为严重,其发生机制可能与AD患者存在较明显的额-枕叶萎缩有关。     

阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆患者精神行为症状和认知功能损害的比较

目的:探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)和血管性痴呆(VD)患者精神行为症状和认知功能损害特点。方法:分析53例AD患者(AD组)及49例VD患者(VD组)近1个月精神行为症状及发生率;采用简明精神状态检查(MMSE)、世界卫生组织-加利福尼亚大学听觉词语学习测验(WHO-UCLA AVLT)和画钟测验(CDT)评估两组患者的认知功能。结果:AD组攻击行为、行为紊乱发生率明显高于VD组,抑郁发生率明显低于VD组(P均0.05);AD组MMSE中记忆、言语能力评分显著低于VD组,注意力评分显著高于VD组(P均0.05);AD组WHO-UCLA AVLT中延时记忆、长时记忆评分显著低于VD组(P均0.05);两组间CDT评分差异无统计学意义。结论:AD患者较VD患者有更多的攻击行为及行为紊乱,认知功能损害以记忆、言语能力下降更重;VD患者较多出现抑郁症状,注意力损害更明显。     

Alzheimer病与血管性痴呆临床特点的对照研究

目的 比较Alzheimer病(AD)与血管性痴呆(VD)的临床特点。方法 通过详细收集临床资料，并用痴呆严重程度临床评定量表(CDR)、简易精神状态检查量表(MMSE)、日常生活能力量表(ADL)评定，对38例AD与30例VD患者的发病情况、行为、精神症状特点、认知功能、日常生活能力等进行比较。结果 VD患者多急性发病、呈阶梯性病程、伴有高血压和卒中史；AD患者脑电图改变主要是双额叶及双枕叶的节律改变，以θ波及δ波为主要活动，而VD患者以不对称为主要表现；抑郁、焦虑、欣快的发生率VD患者明显高于AD患者，而幻觉、妄想、饮食障碍则明显低于AD患者；时间定向、地点定向、物体命名评分AD患者明显低于VD患者，而图形描述评分高于VD患者；AD和VD患者存在着躯体生活、工具使用能力下降的不平衡，VD患者躯体生活能力下降更明显。结论 AD与VD患者的临床特点不同，发病基础、行为、精神症状、认知功能、智能障碍、日常生活能力的评价及CT和脑电图的检查等对痴呆的诊断与鉴别诊断均具有重要价值。     

阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆患者精神行为症状的对照研究

目的探讨阿尔茨海默病(AD)与血管性痴呆(VD)患者精神行为症状(BPSD)的阳性检出率及差异。方法选取2011年1月-2014年6月在临沂市精神卫生中心住院的痴呆患者,均符合美国精神病学会《精神障碍诊断和统计手册(第4版)》(DSM-Ⅳ)AD和VD诊断标准,其中AD患者102例,VD患者100例,采用简易精神状态评定量表(MMSE)及神经精神问卷(NPI)进行测评。结果 AD和VD患者BPSD阳性检出率分别为92.16%和86.00%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.972,P0.05)。AD组幻觉、激越、淡漠、易激惹、异常运动行为、睡眠夜间行为的阳性检出率高于VD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或0.01),VD组抑郁症状检出率高于AD组,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论 AD和VD患者BPSD存在差异,对BPSD测评可能有助于AD和VD的鉴别。     

阿尔茨海默氏病与血管性痴呆临床特点的对照研究

目的比较阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）与血管性痴呆（VD）的临床特点。方法对39例AD和38例VD患者的精神行为症状特点、伴随的躯体疾病、头颅CT检查以及脑电图检查进行比较。结果AD组与VD组在幻觉、妄想等精神病性症状方面无明显差异,在抑郁、焦虑等情绪障碍以及行为脱抑制方面有显著差异;AD组伴随的躯体疾病无明显特异性,VD组多伴发高血压、冠心病;AD组头颅CT多表现为脑萎缩,VD组多表现为脑梗塞;脑电图检查AD组无明显特异性,VD组界限脑电图居多。结论AD与VD患者的BPSD及所伴随的躯体疾病可有不同特点,CT和脑电图的检查等对痴呆的诊断与鉴别诊断均具有重要价值。     

痴呆患者心理和行为症状特征以及利培酮疗效的研究

目的　比较痴呆各亚型心理和行为症状 (BPSD)的特征 ,评价利培酮治疗BPSD疗效与安全性 ,探讨血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与BPSD的关系。方法　采用Alzheimer病行为症状评定量表 (BEHAVE AD)、Cohen Masfield激惹性问卷 (CMAI)评定阿尔茨海默病 (AD)、阿尔茨海默病混合型 (MD)、血管性痴呆 (VD)各 3 0例和正常对照组 3 0名的BPSD。 66例痴呆患者应用利培酮 (1 5mg/d)治疗 6周。采用副反应量表 (TESS)评价副反应。采用高压毛细管电泳紫外检测法测定经 2 ,4一二硝基氟苯 (DNFB)衍生后的血浆Hcy水平。结果　AD患者激惹、焦虑与恐惧发生率较高 ,VD患者无目的游荡发生率和严重程度均较低 ,MD患者BPSD症状无特异性。利培酮能明显改善痴呆患者BPSD ,且不损害认知功能 ,副反应主要为轻度嗜睡 ,肌强直 ,震颤。AD、MD和VD患者血浆Hcy浓度均显著高于正常对照组 ,血浆高Hcy水平的痴呆患者BEHAVE AD总分较高。结论　AD、VD患者BPSD症状有特异性 ,MD患者BPSD表现无特异性。利培酮能有效改善痴呆患者BPSD且安全。血浆高Hcy水平在痴患者BPSD的发病机制中可能起重要作用。     

阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆的临床症状研究

目的：了解阿尔茨海默病(AD)和血管性痴呆(VD)患者不同严重程度痴呆时临床症状。方法：认知功能测试量表采用简易智力状态检查(MMSE)、日常生活活动能力量表(ADL)，精神行为症状采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、老年临床评定量表(SCAG)对住院AD157例及VD150例进行测试。结果：两组患者有不同程度的认知功能障碍及精神行为症状。AD组患者认知功能较差，VD组患者躯体生活自理较差。结论：不同严重程度的AD和VD患者临床症状有差异。     

阿尔茨海默病和血管性痴呆患者行为障碍的比较

目的：比较阿尔茨海默病(AD)和血管性痴呆(VD)行为障碍。方法：用痴呆行为障碍量表(DBD)对AD患者47例与VD患者31例行为进行评定。结果：两组认知功能损害差异无显著性。除少数条目外，多数条目的平均评分及发生率差异均无显著性。结论：AD与VD两组病人的行为障碍基本类似。     

阿尔茨海默病与脑血管性痴呆临床特征比较

目的：比较阿尔茨海默病（AD）与脑血管性痴呆（VD）的临床特征。方法：按ICD-10诊断标准收集68例AD患者和89例VD患者，使用问卷调查，痴呆精神行为症状（BPSD）及认知功能筛查量表（CASIC-2.0)评定。结果：AD在性别，受教育程度，认知功能，BPSD等方面与VD有显著差异。结论：阿尔茨海默病与血管性痴呆的临床特征有各种差异。     

试析老年痴呆患者的被窃妄想

目的了解老年痴呆患者被窃妄想的临床特征。方法将83例老年痴呆患者按有无嫉妒妄想分为两组，并就痴呆严重度、类型、伴随症状等进行对照分析。结果被窃妄想在老年痴呆患者中的发生率较高（56．％）；痴呆严重程度轻于无被窃妄想者；被窃妄想在阿尔茨海默病（AD）中的发生率高于血管性痴呆（VD）；有被窃妄想者伴有较多嫉妒妄想（P均〈0．05）。结论被窃妄想可能是老年痴呆较敏感的临床症状之一，尤其对轻度AD的诊断有一定意义。     

Vascular risk factors in demented elderly: analysis of Alzheimer Clinic materials]

In recent years evidence is increasing that vascular disease is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. Moreover, presence of cerebrovascular disease may intensify the clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of vascular risk factors in age and sex matched patients with dementia. We studied 109 patients with AD and 37 patients vascular dementia (VD). DSM-III-R test for dementia, NINCDS-ADRDA guidelines for AD and NINDS-ARIEN for VD were applied. RESULTS: Mean age of dementia onset in AD and VD was 65.8 SD 7.8 and 67.4 SD 7.0 years (p > 0.05), the duration of dementia, MMS and GDS for patients with AD and VD was not significantly different. Arterial hypertension was associated in 51.3% VD and 30.3% AD (p < 0.05), hypotension in 11.1 and 23.6% respectively (p > 0.05), atrial fibrillation was similar in AD and VD, coronary artery disease was presents 64.8% AD and 46.8 VD (p > 0.05) and type 2 diabetes in 21.6% and 10.1% (p > 0.05) respectively. No significant differences in serum lipid profile were found in both groups, except two times higher incidence of normal HDL-cholesterol concentration in AD compare to VD. The relation between alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and head trauma was similar in both types of dementia. CONCLUSION: Vascular disease and AD have to some extent a shared aetiology, and risk factors that they have in common increase the risk of both disorders independently and vascular disease is perhaps involved in the aetiology of AD.     

Alzheimer病与血管性痴呆患者认知功能对照研究

目的探讨Alzheimer病与血管性痴呆患者认知功能状况及其之间差异。方法对36例临床诊断的Alzheimer病、35例血管性痴呆患者及35例健康人进行了事件相关电位(ERP)和简易智力状态检查(MMSE)测试。结果Alzheimer病组、血管性痴呆组ERP测定的异常率为94.4%(34/36)和85.7%(30/35),两组ERP中N2、P3波潜伏期较正常对照组延长,P3波幅降低,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01);而Alzheimer病组ERP测定N2、P3波潜伏期较血管性痴呆组延长,P3波幅降低,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Alzheimer病组、血管性痴呆组MMSE量表总分值与分量表得分值较正常组降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05);Alzheimer病组与血管性痴呆组比较,在MMSE量表总分、时间定向及物体命名等分值明显降低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Alzheimer病与血管性痴呆患者均存在明显的认知功能减退,且Alzheimer病认知损害更为明显。     

Neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia-frequency, relationship to dementia severity and comparison in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and frontotemporal dementia

Noncognitive behavioral and psychiatric disturbances are common in dementia and help in the clinical differentiation of the various subtypes. We studied the frequency of neuropsychiatric disturbances, their relationship to dementia severity and compared these disturbances in Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) using the 12-item Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). A total of 98 patients (AD-44, VaD-31, FTD-23) were evaluated. All subjects were community dwelling at the time of evaluation. The three groups were comparable on global dementia severity and functional ability. All patients had clinically significant scores on the NPI with apathy, irritability and agitation being very common (>90% of patients). AD and VaD patients in Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) stage 2 had significantly higher scores on the total NPI, agitation and disinhibition subscales compared to those in CDR stage 1. Mean scores in the domains of aberrant motor behavior, disinhibition and appetite/eating behavior differentiated FTD from AD and VaD. Neuropsychiatric disturbances in dementia appear to be universal with agitation, disinhibition and irritability being more frequent in the later stages. In this cohort disinhibition, aberrant motor behavior and appetite/eating disturbances could reliably differentiate AD and VaD from FTD. There were no significant differences between the neuropsychiatric profiles of AD and VaD.     

男性痴呆患者血清性激素的变化

目的:观察阿尔茨海默病(AD)和血管性痴呆(VD)男性患者血清性激素及促性腺激素的变化。方法:老年男性共114人,其中AD 3 2例;VD 3 0例;无痴呆正常老年人5 2名。采用化学发光法测定血中黄体生成素(LH )、促卵泡成熟素(FSH)、雌二醇(E2 )、催乳素(PRL)、睾酮(T)的含量,并计算E2 /T的比值。结果:AD组及VD组患者血清T水平较正常对照组低,差别有显著意义(P <0 .0 5 ,P <0 .0 1)。VD组患者血清E2 /T较正常对照组显著升高;也较AD组明显升高(P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 )。AD、VD组患者血清E2 、LH、FSH、PRL与正常对照组比较,差别均无显著意义(P >0 .0 5 )。结论:老年男性AD及VD患者血清T水平降低。     

Qualitative analyses of clock drawings in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia

Although quantitative analyses of clock drawings (CD) have achieved widespread clinical use as a cognitive screening, little is known about the qualitative profiles of CD in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). To address this issue, the present study examined the significance of qualitative analyses of CD in AD and VD. Sixty-seven AD patients, 44 VD patients and eight controls underwent a clock drawing test and took the Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE). In the dementia groups, quantitative scores significantly decreased compared with controls and were significantly correlated with MMSE scores. Qualitative analysis demonstrated that in AD patients qualitative error patterns were stable and independent of severity. In contrast, in VD patients the frequency of graphic difficulties and conceptual deficit increased, while the frequency of spatial and/or planning deficit decreased, as severity worsened. In mild dementia groups the frequency of spatial and/or planning deficit was significantly higher in VD. In moderate dementia groups, the frequency of graphic difficulties was significantly higher in VD and the difference in the frequency of spatial and/or planning deficit seen in mild dementia disappeared. The present study suggests that qualitative analyses of clock drawings could demonstrate the neuropsychological profiles of AD and VD and their differences between these dementias.     

血管性痴呆与事件相关电位

目的探讨血管性痴呆的事件相关电位(P300)特点,及P300用于鉴别血管性痴呆和阿尔茨海默病的可能性。方法选用听觉oddball诱发范式对24例血管性痴呆(VD)、25例阿尔茨海默病(AD)和22例正常老年人(NC)进行P300测试。结果VD的P300特点为靶P3潜伏期延长,靶N2潜伏期延长并与认知障碍程度密切相关。VD与AD相比,AD的靶P2及靶P3波幅明显下降。结论靶N2潜伏期是VD的P300研究中一项重要指标,靶P2、P3波幅在VD与AD的鉴别诊断中有一定意义。