首都钢铁公司成年人糖尿病患病率的调查

为了对糖尿病易感人群进行有效的防治，按照ＷＨＯ的普查方法和诊断标准对首都钢铁公司北京地区所属３２个单位２９８５９名３０－６４岁的职工进行了调查。结果表明，标化后的ＤＭ和糖耐量低减的患病率分别为３．６３和４．１９％，且随年龄均加而升高。     

长沙市5124人糖尿病流行病学调查

长沙市５１２４人糖尿病流行病学抽样调查表明：糖尿病（ＤＭ）和糖耐量低减（ＩＧＴ）标化患病率分别为３．０６％和３．９６％，且随年龄增加而升高；≥６５岁组ＤＭ和ＩＧＴ均高达１２．６６％；男女ＤＭ患病率无明显差异，ＩＧＴ女性高于男性；新诊断的ＤＭ患者７８．８％无症状；ＤＭ组和ＩＧＴ组的ＢＭＩ，标准体重百分数，腰围，臀围及腰围／臀围值均较正常对照组高；从消瘦到肥胖其患病率依次递增；ＤＭ组及ＩＣＴ组的平均收缩压明显高于正常对照组（Ｐ＜０．０１），平均舒张压亦较正常对照组高（Ｐ＜０．０５），而两组间血压无统计学差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果提示，年龄、体重及血压等是糖尿病患病的重要影响因素。     

社区居民超重、肥胖与糖尿病患病率的关系

目的了解不同体重指数、腰围与糖尿病患病率的关系,为社区居民的糖尿病的早期干预提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法抽取40岁及以上的常住居民4752人进行调查,测量身高、体重、腰围,测定空腹口服75g葡萄糖后2h血糖。结果本次共调查40岁以上居民4752人,查出DM患者220人,患病率为4.63%,其中男性4.35%,女性4.86%;查出IGT患者282人,患病率为5.93%,其中男性7.48%,女性4.67%,性别患病率未见显著性差异(P0.05)。除40~岁组以外,其他年龄组随着BMI水平增高,DM、IGT患病率也明显上升(P0.05);除BMI18.5组外,DM、IGT患病率与年龄增长密切相关(P0.05)。男女各年龄组腹型肥胖的DM、IGT患病率比正常体型组的明显增加(P0.05)。结论 BMI≥24或男性WC≥85cm、女性WC≥80cm者是DM患病高危人群,因此做好中老年肥胖人群的行为干预是预防糖尿病的有效措施。     

长沙市1369例体检人员高血压、糖尿病及高脂血症现患情况

对长沙市区１３６９例健康体检人员的高血压病、糖尿病和高脂血症现患情况进行分析。结果显示：高血压、临界高血压、糖尿病、糖耐量低减和高脂血症现患率分别为１７．２％，３．４％，４．６％，５．９％和２７．４％；高血压和糖尿病患病率随年龄的增大而升高；体重指数愈大，高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症患病率愈高。表明年龄增大和体重增加是高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症的重要影响因素。     

长沙市1369例体检人员高血压,糖尿病及高脂血症现患情况

对长沙市区１３６９例健康体检人员的高血压病、糖尿和高脂血症现患情况进行分析。结果显示：高血压、临界高血压、糖尿病、糖耐量低减和高脂血症现患率分别为１７．２％，３．４％，４．６％，５．９％和２７．４％；高血压和糖尿病患病率随年龄的增大而升高；体重指数愈大，高血压、糖尿病和高脂血症患病率愈高。表明年龄增大和体重增加是高血压、糠尿病和高脂血症的重要影响因素。     

深圳市公明社区居民糖尿病患病率的调查研究

目的调查深圳市公明社区成人糖尿病患病率。方法深圳市公明社区30岁以上4573人，空腹血糖≥6．1mmol／L者，则做75g葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT），并测量身高、体重、腰围和臀围。结果4573人中按WHO诊断标准，糖尿病（DM）与糖耐量受损（IGT）患病率分别为3．15％和4．33％。从糖尿病与糖调节受损患病率中可见：在40岁以上者随年龄增长而升高；DM组和IGT组的体重指数、腰臀比值以及血压显著高于血糖正常组（P〈0．01）。结论年龄和体重等是糖尿病患病的重要因素，与1994年全国流行病学调查结果相比。深圳市公明社区DM的患病率明显升高。     

上海市花木社区居民糖尿病视网膜病变防治知识及行为现况调查研究

目的　了解社区人群对糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）防治知识与防治行为的现状,为社区DR重点人群的防治提供参考。方法　选取2016年1月—2017年1月在花木社区卫生服务中心由由服务站就诊或配药的501例糖尿病（DM）患者或糖耐量异常（IGT）者为研究对象,采用自行设计的问卷开展调查,包括居民对DR的认知情况（题目1~7）、居民采取DR防治措施的现状及意愿调查（题目8~10）。结果　DM患者与IGT者题目2（DR病因）、3（DR可预防控制）、5（DM定期检查眼底）、6（了解DR的途径）的认知情况分布比较,差异均有统计学意义（χ2=4.217、13.198、15.721、25.168,P<0.05）。DM患者与IGT者题目9（最近眼科检查时间）、10（是否定期眼底检查）的防治行为分布比较,差异均有统计学意义（u=2.156,χ2=4.474,P<0.05）。不同性别IGT者题目10的分布比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=7.250,P=0.007）。不同年龄DM患者题目9、10的分布比较,差异有统计学意义（H=9.614,P=0.022;χ2=23.449,P<0.001）。其中,<60岁与70~79岁的DM患者题目9的分布比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;<60岁DM患者选择“会定期检查”的比例均高于60~69、70~79、≥80岁DM患者,60~69、70~79岁DM患者选择“会定期检查”的比例均高于≥80岁DM患者（P<0.05）。不同病程DM患者题目8（DR知识讲座）、10的分布比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=10.539,P=0.005;χ2=6.353,P=0.042）。其中,病程>10年DM患者选择“参加过”的比例均高于病程<5、5~10年DM患者,病程<5年DM患者选择“会定期检查”的比例均高于病程5~10、>10年DM患者,病程5~10年DM患者选择“会定期检查”的比例高于病程>10年DM患者（P<0.05）。结论　本社区居民对DR知晓率较低,且IGT者在认知程度和防治行为上均不及DM患者,因此对社区居民开展DR相关知识的健康宣教很有必要。     

徐州市老干部糖尿病流行特点的研究

目的　调查徐州市离退休老干部糖尿病 (DM)患病情况及特点。方法　通过测定血糖、身高、体重、腰围、臀围等 ,并详细对受检人员询问病史。结果　在 1 887名老干部中发现DM32 5例 (1 7.2 % )。糖耐量低减者 (IGT) 2 69例 (1 4 .3 % ) ,且随着体重指数 (BMI)的增高而增高。糖尿病人中高血压、高脂血症、冠心病发生率较非糖尿病人群高。结论　糖尿病严重危害老年人群的身体健康 ,故需加强对老年人群糖尿病的预防和控制。     

The relation of forearm mineral density to peripheral fractures in postmenopausal women

Forearm bone mineral density was measured in 557 postmenopausal women from whom a history of fractures was also obtained. Known cases of osteoporosis were excluded. The mean age of the subjects was 59 years. Ninety-eight of the subjects had sustained a fracture since the menopause and 37 had done so before the menopause. There had been 188 fractures in all. The mean bone density was significantly lower in the subjects who had experienced a fracture than in those who had not experienced a fracture; this was also true of subjects who had suffered a fracture before the menopause. The lowest bone densities were observed in subjects who had suffered forearm fractures, followed by those who had suffered fractures of the rib, ankle and foot. The mean bone density in subjects with more than one fracture was significantly lower than in those with only one fracture. The difference in bone density between subjects with and without a history of fractures was most significant in the younger subjects and became progressively less significant with age. The estimated relative fracture risk was 3.1 in the group with the lowest bone densities and zero in the group with the highest bone densities.     

2008年重庆市主城区社区人群糖尿病流行病学调查

目的了解2008年重庆市主城区社区人群糖尿病（DM）患病情况。方法调查于2008年3月至6月进行,对重庆大学A、B校区3668例20岁以上自然人群进行口服葡萄糖耐量（OGTY）等检查。结果DM、糖耐量异常（IGT）、空腹血糖受损（IFG）的患病率分别为7．44％、6．43％、7．16％,且随年龄增加而增高。结论重庆市主城区社区人群DM患病率较高,并呈逐年上升趋势,应加强防治。     

北京市郊区某镇农村居民糖调节受损患病率及口服葡萄糖耐量试验筛查的必要性

目的对北京市顺义区南法信镇35～74岁自然人群进行2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,2DM)筛查,分析不进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)仅进行空腹血糖筛查可能造成的漏诊及误诊情况。方法在北京市顺义区南法信镇自然人群进行体检。35～74岁居民均纳入研究对象,对空腹血糖≥5.6mmol/L者作OGTT筛查。结果体检结果显示,2DM患病率为15.1%,其中新诊断2DM者为45.8%,明显高于2002年全国营养调查大城市糖尿病患病率。糖调节受损(IGR)163例,患病率为4.9%。若不进行OGTT试验将有12.6%新诊断的2DM、42%空腹血糖受损(IFG)、25.8%糖耐量异常(IGT)、41.3%IFG合并IGT漏诊,36.4%新诊断2DM误诊为IFG。结论2DM患病率在我国处于不断上升阶段,大城市郊区农民患病率明显上升,对其进行糖代谢检查十分必要,进行OGTT试验可明显减少漏诊及误诊情况。     

依那普利治疗高血压病40例观察

应用血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂（ＡＣＥＩ）———依那普利（Ｅｎａｌａｐｒｉｌ）对４０例Ⅰ～Ⅱ期高血压病患者进行治疗,５～２０ｍｇ／ｄ,持续３月。治疗前后观察临床表现及超声心动图指标。结果显示依那普利能有效控制血压而对心率无明显影响;逆转左室肥厚（ＬＶＨ）,减轻左室心肌重量;改善心脏收缩及舒张功能。提示依那普利是治疗轻中度高血压病的有效药物。     

Prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in two Algonquin communities in Quebec.

OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare the prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in two native Indian communities. DESIGN: Population-based study. SETTING: Two Algonquin communities in Quebec: River Desert and Lac Simon. PARTICIPANTS: All native Indian residents aged at least 15 years were eligible; 621 (59%) of them volunteered to enroll in the study. The participation rate was 49% in River Desert and 76% in Lac Simon. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fasting blood glucose level and serum glucose level 2 hours after 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, as described by the World Health Organization, in all subjects except those with confirmed diabetes. Other measures included body mass index (BMI), fat distribution and blood pressure. MAIN RESULTS: The age-sex standardized prevalence rate of NIDDM was 19% in Lac Simon (95% confidence interval [CI] 16% to 21%); this was more than twice the rate of 9% in River Desert (95% CI 7% to 11%). The IGT rates were comparable in the two communities (River Desert 5%, Lac Simon 6%). NIDDM and IGT were uncommon under the age of 35 years. Only in Lac Simon was the NIDDM prevalence rate significantly higher among the women than among the men (23% v. 14%); almost half of the women aged 35 years or more had diabetes. In Lac Simon the rate of marked obesity (BMI greater than 30) was significantly higher among the women than among the men (37% v. 19%; p < 0.001); this sex-related difference was not found in River Desert (rates 31% and 23% respectively). Previously undiagnosed NIDDM accounted for 25% of all the cases. NIDDM and IGT were significantly associated with high BMI, sum of skinfold thicknesses and waist:hip circumference ratio (p < 0.001). The subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio, however, did not display such an association, nor did the age-adjusted systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of NIDDM is high in Algonquin communities and may vary markedly between communities. Although widespread, particularly in women, obesity cannot entirely explain the much higher rate of NIDDM in Lac Simon. Family and lifestyle risk factors, in particular diet and activity patterns, are being analysed in the two communities.     

Obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and tobacco consumption in an urban adult Mexican population

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of some of the main coronary risk factors in an open Mexican adult population. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study that includes individuals from eight different cities. Except for Mexico City, all centers were located in medium-sized cities ranging from 1 to 5 million inhabitants. Eligible subjects were adults 20 years of age or older. Exclusion criteria included subjects seeking medical attention due to an acute illness or individuals unable to provide the requested information or written consent to participate in the study. Men (n = 567) and women (n = 1,018) were included. A previously validated interview was conducted. A questionnaire assessed demographic and lifestyle factors. Capillary glucose concentration and blood pressure were obtained. Remarkably, 40% of the population had a body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 29.9 kg/m(2); an additional 28% had a BMI >30 kg/m(2). A large proportion of the individuals had abdominal fat distribution (62% of men and 81% of women). At the time of the evaluation, 30% of men and 18% of women were regular smokers. RESULTS: Blood pressure >140/90 mmHg was found in 29.4% of the population. Less than one half of the subjects had a previous measurement of plasma cholesterol (47%) or triglycerides (42%). The prevalence of diabetes was 9.02%. A significant percentage of these subjects were <40 years of age (18.8% of the diabetic population). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension in the population reported here is among the highest reported in Mexican populations.     

LRP5基因多态性与绝经后妇女2型糖尿病伴骨质疏松症的相关性研究

目的探讨上海地区绝经后2型糖尿病和骨质疏松症妇女的低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白5基因多态性与骨密度、骨代谢、糖代谢的关系。方法选取上海市普陀区无亲缘关系的绝经后汉族妇女354例,其中骨质疏松组（A组）90例、2型糖尿病组（B组）96例、2型糖尿病伴骨质疏松组（C组）90例、健康老年对照组（D组）78例。运用双能X线骨密度仪检测腰椎（L2-4）及股骨颈骨密度,同时检测骨代谢指标：BALP、TRACP-5b;糖代谢指标：Hb A1c、FINS。应用基因测序技术检测LRP5基因A1330V位点多态性。采用协方差分析校正年龄、绝经年限、体重指数后比较LRP5基因多态性与骨密度的相关性。结果 A组LRP5基因A1330V位点CC型与CT/TT型相比腰椎骨密度增高（P〈0.05）,经年龄、绝经年限、BMI校正后仍有显著差异（P〈0.01）;D组LRP5基因A1330V位点多态性与HbA1c相关（P〈0.05）,CC型较CT/TT型HbA1c高,经年龄、绝经年限、BMI校正后无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论上海地区汉族绝经后骨质疏松症妇女LRP5基因型与腰椎骨密度相关,提示LRP5基因可能是上海地区汉族绝经后骨质疏松症妇女的易感基因。2型糖尿病患者BMD增高,可能与BMI、胰岛素水平增高有关。LRP5基因可能不是上海地区绝经后2型糖尿病妇女的易感基因。     

Prevalence and risk factors for menstrual disorders among systemic lupus erythematosus patients

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the prevalence and the types of menstrual disorders among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to identify factors that influence their development. METHODS: 61 patients with SLE were enrolled into a cross-sectional, observational study at the medical outpatient clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. A total of 120 healthy women were selected randomly to act as the control group. A questionnaire was administered, vital signs were recorded, and blood was evaluated for routine investigations. A review of past medical records was also undertaken. RESULTS: The mean age and standard deviation for the study group was 33.23 +/- 10.96 years, the majority being ethnic Malays. 75 percent had a severe SLE disease activity index score on initial presentation, and 59 percent were on cyclophosphamide. 49 percent of the study population had menstrual irregularities, of which 60 percent had sustained amenorrhoea. Nine patients with sustained amenorrhoea had hormonal assays, which confirmed the diagnosis of premature menopause. CONCLUSION: This study showed that SLE patients had a higher risk of developing menstrual irregularities compared to the normal/healthy population. The risk was higher in the older age group (greater than 30 years old) and those on cyclophosphamide therapy, especially those with a cumulative dose of more than 10 g. Sustained amenorrhoea was the commonest irregularity and a majority of them had confirmed premature menopause.     

重庆市某高校人群糖尿病及相关因素调查

目的 了解重庆市某高校人群糖尿病患病情况及其主要危险因素,为职业人群的防治提供科学依据.方法 以重庆市某高校20岁以上常住人口为调查对象,进行现况调查2 966人.结果 (1) 糖尿病患病率为10.11%,糖耐量低减患病率为16.12%.按性别划分,糖尿病患病率男、女分别为10.64%、9.39%;糖耐量低减患病率男、女分别为16.69%、15.33%.随年龄增加糖尿病和糖耐量低减患病率逐渐增加,60岁以上糖尿病患病率达14.56%.(2) 超重现象较严重,超重和肥胖率为46.43%,腹型肥胖率为38.40%.无论男女随体重指数增加糖尿病和糖耐量低减患病率逐渐增高.(3)调查人群中收缩压大于或等于140mm Hg(1mm Hg=0.133kPa)者糖尿病患病率为19.47%,舒张压大于或等于90mm Hg者糖尿病患病率为15.40%.(4) 影响糖尿病患病主要因素有年龄、高血压、腰臀比、高三酰甘油,其OR值分别为1.995、2.100、1.568、1.674.结论 重庆市某高校糖尿病患病率已处于较高水平,随年龄增长糖尿病患病率逐渐增加,超重和肥胖、高血压、高血脂是糖尿病发生的危险因素,对中老年人群应加强糖尿病防治宣传.     

Glucose tolerance in Polynesia. Population-based surveys in Rarotonga and Niue

Glucose tolerance and the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetes in the Polynesian populations of Rarotonga and Niue were studied in 1980. Both Rarotongans and Niueans have been considerably influenced by sociocultural modernization and (in the case of Rarotonga) tourism. In both populations, the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance exceeded 10% in men and 15% in women. There was an association between glucose tolerance and age and obesity in both sexes, but not between glucose tolerance and physical activity. Glucose tolerance did not differ between Rarotongans and Niueans after allowing for differences in age and obesity. Comparisons between normal subjects, those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and diabetic subjects with respect to factors that are traditionally associated with glucose intolerance provided some support for IGT as a truly intermediate diagnostic category of glucose tolerance.     

重庆地区NGT、IGR、糖尿病血脂异常的特征

目的:比较正常糖代谢(NGT)、糖调节受损(IGR)、糖尿病(DM)等三组人群中血脂代谢的特点.方法:采用横断面分析的方法,对重庆地区21～89岁人群进行调查,根据口服糖耐量试验(OGTT)结果,将调查人群分为正常糖代谢(NGT)、糖调节受损(IGR)、糖尿病(DM)三组,分别比较各组间及每组男女间的血脂代谢状况.结果:NGT、IGR和DM组,TG、TC、LDL-c水平依次递增,而HDL-c水平则呈递减趋势.NGT组中男性高TG患病率显著高于女性(P＜0.01),IGR组中女性高TG患病率则明显高于男性(P＜0.01),在DM组中男女间高TG患病率无明显差别(P＞0.05);在各组中女性的高TC患病率均高于男性(P＜0.01).结论:重庆地区人群血脂异常以高TG、TC、LDL-c为主,而IGR和DM人群中女性高TC患病率较男性更突出.     

河南农村社区人群打鼾现患状况研究

目的探讨打鼾的现患状况及其影响因素。方法采用随机整群抽样法,对河南省沁阳县２８３０名４岁以上农村居民进行了打鼾与体重指数、年龄、性别、吸烟、饮酒和高血压等关系的调查研究。结果（１）９．６９％的男性和６．６６％的女性为习惯性打鼾（ＨＳ）,１９．０１％的男性和９．７５％的女性为有时打鼾（ＯＳ）;（２）在３０岁以上,患鼾率随年龄增长而明显增长（Ｐ＜０．０１）;（３）男性患鼾率明显高于女性;（４）肥胖者ＨＳ率是正常体重者的２～３倍;（５）在３０岁以上的男女高血压患者中分别有３３．３３％和２０．４０％为ＨＳ,而在非高血压组中分别只有１３．１８％和５．９７％,高血压与打鼾存在着明显的联系。结论肥胖、年龄增长、男性、高血压是打鼾发生的危险因素。