shRNA干扰VEGF表达对白血病细胞多药耐药的影响

目的:探讨血管内皮细胞生长因子(VEGF)与人白血病耐药细胞株K562/A02细胞多药耐药的关系及其机制.方法:针对VEGF基因设计合成3条干扰片段shRNA1,2,3,采用脂质体2000分别将其转染入K562/A02细胞,RT-PCR法检测VEGF和多药耐药相关基因MDR1,MRP1,topoⅡ,GST的mRNA水平;蛋白质印迹法检测VEGF蛋白水平;MTT法检测各组细胞对多柔比星的半数抑制浓度(IC50值).结果:K562/A02细胞VEGF mRNA表达水平显著高于敏感株K562细胞,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),且VEGF蛋白水平也显著高于K562细胞;转染shRNA后,K562/A02细胞中VEGF mRNA水平出现不同程度下调,其中shRNA2组和shRNA3组与转染随机片段组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),以shRNA3组下调最显著,并且VEGF蛋白水平也出现相应的下调;转染48 h后K562/A02细胞中MDR1,MRP1及topoⅡ的mRNA水平均出现不同程度下调,以shRNA3组下调最显著,分别下调(39.7±1.21)%,(29.1±0.97)%,(28.2±1.04)%,GST基因表达则无明显变化;阳性转染组细胞对多柔比星的敏感性明显增加,其中以shRNA3组最显著.结论:VEGF shRNA可以抑制K562/A02细胞VEGF基因与蛋白的表达,不同干扰片段的沉默效果不同,并增强K562/A02细胞对多柔比星的敏感性,其机制可能与MDR1,MRP1及topo Ⅱ的表达下调有一定的关系.     

甲基莲心碱在K562/A02细胞对STI 571敏感性中的作用

目的:研究甲基莲心碱(Nef)在多药耐药白血病细胞K562/A02对STI 571敏感性中的作用，并探讨其逆转耐药的机制。方法:MTT法比较STI 571单独或与Nef联合应用对K562/A02细胞的抑制作用；RT-PCR法检测mdr1 mRNA转录水平及Western Blot法检测P-gp表达水平。结果:Nef与STI 571联合应用对K562/A02细胞增殖的抑制作用明显增强。单独应用STI 571对K562/A02细胞的IC50为3.02μmol/L，加Nef后,IC50为0.689μmol/L，逆转倍数为4.38倍(P＜0.05）。STI 571与Nef联合应用使mdr1 mRNA转录水平下调(45.4±2.5)%(P＜0.01)，使P-gp的表达下调40.58%(P＜0.05)。结论:甲基莲心碱能增强K562/A02细胞对STI 571的敏感性，下调其mdr1 mRNA的转录和阻断P-gp的表达，从而逆转白血病的多药耐药性。     

SiRNA联合asODN靶向逆转白血病细胞多药耐药的研究

目的:探讨靶向多药耐药基因(MDR-1)的siRNA和asODN联合应用逆转人白血病耐药细胞K562/A02的效果。方法:设计并合成针对MDR-1基因同一序列的siRNA和asODN及阴性对照siRNA,采用转染试剂lipofectin2 000分别转染人白血病耐药细胞K562/A02;利用RT-PCR检测MDR-1mRNA和Western Blot检测MDR-1蛋白质的表达;采用罗丹明123外排实验检测P-糖蛋白(P-gp)的转运功能,MTT法检测K562/A02细胞对阿霉素的耐药逆转效果。结果:siRNA、asODNa、sODN和siRNA联合应用均能降低MDR-1mRNA和蛋白质的表达,提高P-gp的转运功能,对阿霉素的敏感性明显恢复,asODN和siRNA联合应用效果明显提高(P<0.05),低浓度的siRNA(200 nmol/L)比高浓度的asODN(5μmol/L)的效果强(P<0.05)。结论:siRNA、asODN能有效地逆转人白血病耐药细胞K562/A02的多药耐药,asODN和siRNA联合应用效果明显加强。     

mdr1单因素耐药白血病细胞株的构建

目的 构建mdrl单因素耐药白血病细胞株,为研究RNA干扰逆转mdr1所致耐药提供细胞模型。方法 将含mdr1 cDNA全长的真核表达载体通过脂质体转染人对化疗药物敏感的K562细胞内,G418筛选获得转基因单克隆细胞．用RT-PCR检测有无mdr1表达、流式细胞技术检测细胞表面P-gp蛋白含量、Rh123泵出实验检测P-gp功能、MTT检测细胞对药物的敏感性。结果 转mdr1基因细胞K562／mdr1能较高水平表达mdr1,明显表现出对化疗药物的耐药性。结论 通过转基因方法构建mdr1单因素耐药细胞株可为RNA干扰逆转mdr1提供更精确的细胞研究模型。     

Chk1基因沉默增强K562/A02细胞对阿霉素敏感性的实验研究

目的研究Chk1基因沉默对人红白血病耐药细胞株K562/A02(耐阿霉素)生长的影响,探讨Chk1在白血病细胞耐药中的作用。方法通过电穿孔转染法将特异性靶向Chk1的短发卡状RNA(shRNA)导入K562/A02细胞,应用RT-PCR、Weston-blot检测细胞内Chk1的表达,经阿霉素作用后,流式细胞术(FCM)检测其细胞周期分布及细胞凋亡率,MTT法检测细胞增殖。结果与对照组和空载体转染组相比,shRNA使细胞中Chk1 mRNA水平下降了66%,蛋白水平下降了60%。抑制Chk1的表达可解除阿霉素引起的G2/M期阻滞;使阿霉素诱导的细胞凋亡率由转染前的(5.67±0.78)%上升到(19.25±1.41)%;在阿霉素浓度为0.4 mg/L、4 mg/L时,细胞的增殖活性分别下降12%、20%。结论靶向Chk1 shRNA有效地抑制了Chk1的表达,阻断了细胞周期检测点信号传导通路,从而增强了K562/A02细胞对阿霉素的敏感性,有可能为临床上克服白血病的化疗耐药提供新的作用靶点及治疗途径。     

两种不同分化程度的鼻咽癌细胞在化疗药物作用前后多药耐药基因的表达

目的 检测鼻咽癌CNE1和CNE2细胞在阿霉素(adriamycin,ADM)作用前后多药耐药基因(mdr1 基因)及其编码产物P糖蛋白(P-glycoprotein,P-gp)是否表达及功能变化.方法 利用RT-PCR,Western blotting和流式细胞仪(FCM)检测CNE1和CNE2细胞在阿霉素作用前后的mdr1基因和P-gp的表达及对柔红霉素(daunorubicin,DNR)的外排功能.结果 鼻咽癌CNE1和CNE2细胞在阿霉素作用前mdr1基因、P-gp不表达;阿霉素作用后较长时间内mdr1基因、P-gp均明显表达,对柔红霉素的蓄积较阿霉素作用前低.结论 化疗可能诱导鼻咽癌细胞的多药耐药.     

RNA干扰逆转肝细胞癌多药耐药

目的 筛选高效dsRNA/mdr1,以备研究RNA干扰逆转肝细胞癌多药耐药之用.方法 首先根据siRNA设计原则,以多药耐药基因(mdr1)为靶基因,设计并选择4～5条siRNA/mdr1,经BLAST后体外转录法合成dsRNA/mdr1,用Oligofectamine试剂分别转染HepG2/mdr1,然后从mRNA、蛋白(P-gp)表达水平和细胞功能变化评价HepG2/mdr1耐药性被逆转的程度,比较各个dsRNA/mdr1的逆转效率,筛选出有效的siRNA/mdr1.结果 成功合成5条dsRNA/mdr1(其中1条为阴性对照),dsRNA/mdr1-4 mRNA表达(18.73±1.33)%、蛋白表达变化(79.1±1.6)%～(16.8±0.4)%与其他各组细胞比较,有显著性差异;细胞内柔红霉素(DNR)累积量也较其他组明显增加(平均荧光强度79.58,阳性率84.25%,P＜0.05).结论 体外转录法结合脂质体转染适用于筛选高效siRNA,肯定了siRNA干扰序列能够有效阻抑mdr1基因编码蛋白p170的功能.     

汉防己甲素逆转白血病细胞株K562/A02耐药的机制

目的:研究汉防己甲素（TTD）对白血病细胞株K562/A02多药耐药(MDR)逆转的机理。方法：以白血病细胞系K562及其耐药细胞系K562/A02为TTD作用的靶细胞。细胞水平检测实验分5组（K562组、K562/A02组、K562+ADM组、K562/A02+ADM组和K562/A02+TTD+ADM组）,采用MTT法检测TTD对K562和K562/A02细胞的非细胞毒性剂量,流式细胞术检测细胞内阿霉素(ADM)的浓度,基因、酶学、蛋白水平检测实验分3组（K562组、K562/A02组和K562/A02+TTD组）,采用RT-PCR法检测mdr1 mRNA的表达,免疫细胞化学方法检测谷胱甘肽S转移酶π（GST-π）和拓扑异构酶Ⅱ（Topo Ⅱ）的表达水平,Western-blotting法检测P-糖蛋白（P-gp）和bcl-2表达。结果：1.562 5 mg•L^-1的TTD处理K562/A02细胞后,细胞内ADM的浓度较单用ADM组明显提高（P<0.01）;与空白对照组比较,K562/A02细胞内mdr1 mRNA/P-gp的表达量减少（P<0.01）;GST-π和TopoⅡ表达无明显变化;凋亡抑制基因bcl-2的表达量减少（P<0.01）。结论:TTD主要通过增加细胞内ADM浓度,下调mdr1/P-gp和bcl-2表达逆转耐药。     

DC-CIK细胞对K562/ADR细胞多药耐药的逆转作用

目的 探讨共培养树突状细胞(dendritic cell,DC)和细胞因子诱导的杀伤细胞(cytokine-induced killer cell,CIK),即DC-CIK逆转白血病细胞多药耐药的作用及相关机制.方法 采用RT-PCR方法检测DC-CIK处理后的耐药细胞株(K562/ADR细胞)中多药耐药基因(mdr1基因)的表达;利用MTT法检测DC-CIK细胞处理后的耐药细胞株对阿霉素敏感性的变化.结果 经DC-CIK作用后的K562/ADR细胞mdr1表达明显低于未经DC-CIK处理的K562/ADR细胞组(P<0.05),而且其对阿霉素的敏感性也明显高于未经DC-CIK处理的K562/ADR细胞(P<0.05).结论 DC-CIK可逆转耐药细胞的多药耐药,其作用机制可能与下调耐药细胞中mdr1的表达有关.     

SiRNA逆转人红白血病细胞株(K562/ADM)阿霉素耐药性的实验研究

目的:研究小分子干扰RNA片段(small inteffering RNA,siRNA)对人红白血病细胞株K562/ADM细胞mdr1基因表达及药物敏感性的影响,探索新的耐药逆转途径.方法:siRNA根椐GeneBank已知序列设计,在脂质体介导下转染K562/ADM细胞;用流式细胞仪检测K562/ADM细胞Pgp的表达;用MTT检测其对阿霉素ADM的敏感性;用PCR-ELISA法检测K562/ADM细胞的端粒酶活性.结果:siRNA转染后K562/ADM细胞Pgp的表达明显下降,对阿霉素ADM的IC50从8.7μg/ml降到5 μg/ml,端粒酶活性明显下调.结论:siRNA有效逆转了mdr1介导的耐药性,不失为一种新型、有效的肿瘤耐药逆转途径.     

甲基莲心碱联合mdr 1shRNA对K562/A02 细胞mdr 1/P gp表达的影响

目的：探讨甲基莲心碱(Nef)联合mdr 1shRNA表达的载体对K562/A02细胞mdr 1/ P gp表达的影响。 方法：采用MTT方法比较Nef,mdr 1shRNA单独或二者联合对K562/A02细胞增殖的抑制作用;采用RT PCR和Western印迹法检测mdr 1/P gp的表达。 结果：Nef与mdr 1shRNA联合组对K562/A02细胞的抑制率显著高于mdr 1shRNA,Nef单独处理组(P＜0.01);联合组对K562/A02细胞mdr 1/P gp表达的抑制作用强于单独处理组（P＜0.01）。 结论：甲基莲心碱能增强mdr 1shRNA表达载体对K562/A02细胞的增殖抑制作用及mdr 1/P gp表达的抑制作用,逆转mdr 1基因编码蛋白P gp介导的多药耐药。     

Reversal of Multi-Drug Resistance by Vector-Based-ShRNA-Mdr1 In Vitro and In Vivo

In order to investigate the effects of vector-based hairpin small interference RNA (shRNA) on the reversal of multi-drug resistance (mdr) of A2780/Taxol cells, a novel vector pEGFP-H1/mdr1 containing mdr1-shRNA targeting at position 2943-2963 of mdr1 was designed and synthesized.Subsequently, A2780/Taxol cells were transfected with pEGFP-H1/mdrl, and the expression of mdr1 mRNA and P-gp was detected by using RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. MTT was used to measure the 50% inhibition concentration (1C50) of Taxol to A2780/Taxol cells. The results showed that at the 24th and 48th h after transfection, the expression of mdr1 mRNA was decreased to (52.1±1.0)% and (0.01+1.7)%, and that of P-gp decreased to (88.3±2.1)% and 0%, respectively. At the 48th h after transfection, the relative reversal rate of A2780/Taxol cells to Taxol was 69.54%. In vivo, the nude mice xenografts were injected with pEGFP-H1/mdrl, and then administrated Taxol.The tumor volume in pEGFP-H1/mdr1-transfected group was significantly reduced as compared with that in blank control group or pEGFP-H1-transfected group (807.20±103.16 vs 1563.78±210.54 or 1480.78±241.24 mm3, both P<0.01). These results suggested that transfection of pEGFP-H1/mdr1 could efficiently down-regulate the expression of mdr1 mRNA and P-gp in A2780/Taxol cells, and effectively restore the sensitivity of A2780/Taxol cells to Taxol both in vitro and in vivo.     

亚砷酸对白血病K562/A02细胞的作用及机制

目的研究亚砷酸对白血病多药耐药细胞株K562/A02细胞的作用及对多药耐药基因1（mdr1）、P糖蛋白（P-gp）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）表达的影响,探讨亚砷酸逆转白血病多药耐药（MDR）的作用机制。方法将K562/A02细胞与不同浓度的亚砷酸（0、0.5、2.0、5.0μmol/L）共同孵育,分别在24、48、72h时,用Wrights染色法观察K562/A02细胞形态,流式细胞术（FCM）检测凋亡细胞,MTT法检测细胞增殖活性,RT-PCR法检测mdr1mRNA的表达,免疫组织化学法观察P-gp表达,并用ELISA法检测VEGF的浓度。结果随着亚砷酸作用浓度和时间的增加,K562/A02细胞的数目减少,并出现凋亡形态学改变,FCM显示随着作用浓度和时间的增加,细胞凋亡率逐渐上升;从作用48h组开始,mdr1mRNA及P-gp的表达出现显著降低（P〈0.05）,mdr1mRNA条带颜色较空白对照组明显变浅,mdrl/GAPDH灰度比值下降,此时,P-gp的灰度值上升,且随亚砷酸作用浓度和时间的增加,mdr1mRNA条带颜色进一步变浅,表达水平进一步下降;ELISA法检测表明从0.5μmol/L作用24h组开始,VEGF浓度即下降至405.02pg/mL（P〈0.05）,相同作用时间下以5.0μmol/L组较其它浓度组下调VEGF的作用最为显著。结论亚砷酸呈药物浓度-时间依赖性抑制K562/A02细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡,下调VEGF表达,有效抑制了mdrlmRNA的产生和P-gp的合成。     

Reversal of MDR1 gene-dependent multidrug resistance using short hairpin RNA expression vectors

Background RNA interference using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) can mediate sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression in mammalian cells. A vector-based approach for synthesizing shRNA has been developed recently. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the MDR1 gene product, confers multidrug resistance (MDR) to cancer cells. In this study, we reversed MDR using shRNA expression vectors in a multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7/AdrR). Methods The two shRNA expression vectors were constructed and introduced into MCF-7/AdrR cells. Expression of MDR1 mRNA was assessed by RT-PCR, and P-gp expression was determined by Western Blot and immunocytochemistry. Apoptosis and sensitization of the breast cancer cells to doxorubicin were quantified by flow cytometry and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assays, respectively. Cellular daunorubicin accumulation was assayed by laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM). Statistical significance of differences in mean values was evaluated by Student’s t tests. P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results In MCF-7/AdrA cells transfected with MDR1-A and MDR1-B shRNA expression vectors, RT-PCR showed that MDR1 mRNA expression was reduced by 40.9% (P&lt;0.05), 30.1% (P&lt;0.01) (transient transfection) and 37.6 % (P&lt;0.05), 28.0% (P&lt;0.01) (stable transfection), respectively. Western Blot and immunocytochemistry showed that P-gp expression was significantly and specifically inhibited. Resistance against doxorubicin was decreased from 162-fold to 109-fold (P&lt;0.05), 54-fold (P&lt;0.01) (transient transfection) and to 108-fold (P&lt;0.05), 50-fold (P&lt;0.01) (stable transfection). Furthermore, shRNA vectors significantly enhanced the cellular daunorubicin accumulation. The combination of shRNA vectors and doxorubicin significantly induced apoptosis in MCF-7/AdrR cells. Conclusions shRNA expression vectors effectively reduce MDR expression in a sustained fashion and can restore the sensitivity of drug-resistant cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents.     

Y-盒结合蛋白1对白血病K562细胞多药耐药基因-1表达的调控

目的:观察多柔比星诱导K562细胞多药耐药基因-1(mdr1)基因表达过程中Y-盒结合蛋白1(YB-1)表达和核易位的变化情况,初步探讨YB-1蛋白对mdr1基因的转录调控。方法:多柔比星间歇性长期作用于K562细胞,剂量逐渐增加。RT-PCR检测mdr1,YB-1基因表达,流式细胞仪检测mdr1基因编码的P糖蛋白(P-gp)表达,蛋白质印迹检测YB-1蛋白核易位。通过RNA干扰技术使K562细胞中YB-1基因表达沉默,多柔比星处理YB-1基因沉默细胞,RT-PCR、流式细胞仪分别检测mdr1 mRNA和P-gp的表达。结果:经多柔比星作用后K562细胞mdr1基因转录上调,P-gp表达增加,同时YB-1基因转录也增强,且出现明显的核易位。YB-1基因沉默后,mdr1基因诱导性表达减少。结论:多柔比星诱导K562细胞mdr1基因表达的过程中,YB-1对于mdr1基因的转录活化起一定的作用。     

Reversal of multi-drug resistance by vector-based-ShRNA-Mdr1 <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Vitro</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">In Vivo</Emphasis>

In order to investigate the effects of vector-based hairpin small interference RNA （shRNA） on the reversal of multi-drug resistance （mdr） of A2780/Taxol cells, a novel vector pEGFP-HI/mdrl containing mdrl-shRNA targeting at position 2943-2963 of mdrl was designed and synthesized. Subsequently, A2780/Taxol cells were transfected with pEGFP-H1/rndrl, and the expression ofmdrl mRNA and P-gp was detected by using RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. MTT was used to measure the 50% inhibition concentration （IC50） of Taxol to A2780/Taxol cells. The results showed that at the 24th and 48th h after transfection, the expression of mdrl mRNA was decreased to （52.1±1.0）% and （0.01±1.7）%, and that of P-gp decreased to （88.3±2.1）% and 0%, respectively. At the 48th h after transfection, the relative reversal rate of A2780/Taxol cells to Taxol was 69.54%. In vivo, the nude mice xenografts were injected with pEGFP-H1/mdrl, and then administrated Taxol. The tumor volume in pEGFP-H1/mdrl-transfected group was significantly reduced as compared with that in blank control group or pEGFP-Hl-transfected group （807.20±103.16 vs 1563.78±210.54 or 1480.78±241.24 mm^3, both P〈0.01）. These results suggested that transfection of pEGFP-HI/mdrl could efficiently down-regulate the expression of mdrl mRNA and P-gp in A2780/Taxol cells, and effectively restore the sensitivity of A2780/Taxol ceils to Taxol both in vitro and in vivo.     

Thapsigargin逆转K562/A02细胞多药耐药性的实验研究

目的 探讨内质网Ca^2 -ATP酶抑制剂thapsigargin对白血病多药耐药细胞株K562／A02化疗敏感性的影响。方法 用MTT比色法检测K562／A02细胞耐药性、thapsigargin的增殖抑制活性及其对K562／A02细胞化疗敏感性的影响；丫啶橙(AO)／溴化乙锭(EB)染色荧光显微镜观察thapsigargin处理后K562／A02细胞形态改变；流式细胞仪(FCM)检测P-糖蛋白(P-gp)表达；荧光显微镜检测Pgp功能。结果 ①thapsigargin对K562和K562／A02细胞的增殖抑制活性呈剂量和时间依赖性，K562／A02细胞较K562细胞对thapsigargin更敏感，thapsigargin诱导K562／A02细胞呈现典型的凋亡细胞形态学改变。②K562／A02细胞对阿霉素(ADM)、柔红霉素(DNR)、长春新碱(VCR)、依托泊苷(VP-16)、高三尖杉酯碱(HHT)和米托蒽醌(MXT)均出现不同程度的耐药性；thapsigargin抑制K562／A02细胞P-gP功能而对其表达无影响，thapsigargin能增加K562／A02细胞对ADM、DNR、VCR、VP-16、HHT和MXT的化疗敏感性。结论 Thapsigargin能诱导白血病多药耐药细胞株K562／A02细胞凋亡并能部分逆转K562／A02的多药耐药性；thapsigargin的多药耐药逆转功能可能与其凋亡诱导作用和抑制PgP功能有关。     

靶向小鼠整合素β_1的shRNA表达载体构建及鉴定

目的构建小鼠整合素β1的shRNA表达载体,用RNA干扰下调整合素β1基因在小鼠支气管平滑肌细胞中的表达。方法设计并合成靶向小鼠整合素β1基因的shRNA表达载体,转染入哮喘小鼠的支气管平滑肌细胞,检测shRNA表达载体对靶基因的抑制效果。结果 shRNA表达载体能稳定转染小鼠支气管平滑肌细胞,转染后的整合素β1mRNA及蛋白质水平均显著下调。结论成功构建了靶向小鼠整合素β1高效、持久的shRNA表达载体,转染细胞后可下调整合素β1表达,为进一步研究整合素β1在哮喘气道重塑中的作用及其基因治疗奠定了基础。