刺五加注射液预处理在大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤中的抗氧化作用及其对肿瘤坏死因子-α的影响

目的：探讨刺五加注射液(Aeanthopanax senticosus,AS)预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤(Ischemia reperfusion injury,IRI)的保护作用及其机制。方法本实验于2014年3~6月选用36只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(Control组)、缺血再灌注组(IRI组)和刺五加注射液组(AS组),每组12只,三组组内再按5 h、10 h 2个时间点分为两组,共6组,每组6只。采用单动脉夹闭法构建大鼠急性肾IRI模型。Control组术中仅切除右肾,不夹闭左肾动脉,IRI组和AS组切除大鼠右肾,夹闭左侧肾动脉45 min后解除夹闭。AS组于术前5 d及术前0.5 h给予1次AS (100 mg/kg)腹腔注射,Control组及IRI组则给予同等剂量的生理盐水。检测各组大鼠血清肌酐(Scr)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量。结果 AS组、IRI组与对照组比较,Scr水平均明显升高(P<0.05),血清SOD活性降低,血清MDA、TNF-α水平增加(P<0.05)。AS组的Scr、MDA、TNF-α均比IRI组低(P<0.05),而SOD水平升高(P<0.05)。结论 AS对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能是通过抗氧化、抑制炎症反应作用实现的。     

肢体缺血预处理对兔肾急性缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的观察肢体缺血预处理对肾脏急性缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)能否产生保护作用,并通过肾功能、组织病理学等检测评估其效果。方法(1)建模:40只新西兰大白兔随机分为3个组,假手术(S)组8只,缺血再灌注(IR)组和预处理(LIP)组各16只,后2个组兔采用右肾切除、左肾动静脉阻断1h开放法建立肾脏缺血再灌注模型,S组仅切除右肾,游离左肾动静脉但不阻断。(2)肢体缺血预处理方法:LIP组在阻断前,先以止血带在双下肢根部绑扎,阻断血流5min,完全开放10min,反复4次。(3)评估指标:对比各组兔在再灌注后8、24h和3、7d时肾功能、肾组织MDA含量和SOD活性以及组织病理学差异。结果LIP组再灌注后血清Scr和BUN升高幅度要明显低于IR组(P<0.05),在再灌注后3d内血Scr和BUN明显低于IR组(P<0.05);LIP组再灌注后24h内SOD活性和MDA含量的变化幅度明显低于IR组(P<0.05),且在各时间点SOD活性均明显高于IR组(P<0.05),MDA含量均明显低于IR组(P<0.05);LIP组光镜下病理改变轻于IR组。结论肢体缺血预处理能减轻肾脏缺血再灌注引起的组织病理改变,降低肾组织MDA含量并增加SOD活性,改善肾功能,对急性肾脏IRI起到明显的保护作用。     

丹参注射液对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤肾功能的影响

目的 探讨丹参注射液对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤时肾功能的影响.方法 取24 只Wistar 雄性大鼠随机分成丹参注射液组、缺血再灌组和假手术组.丹参注射液组注射丹参注射液(1g/kg)、缺血再灌组与假手术组均注射等量生理盐水,建立肾缺血再灌注损伤(IRI)模型.结扎右肾动脉,用无创动脉夹夹闭左肾动脉缺血45min,于缺血30min后给药或生理盐水,再灌注后6 h采血测血清中尿素氮(BUN)和肌酐(CREA)含量.结果 缺血再灌注6 h后,与假手术组比较,缺血再灌组BUN、CREA均显著升高(P<0.01);与缺血再灌注组比较,丹参注射液组BUN、CREA均降低(P<0.05).结论 丹参注射液对肾脏缺血再灌注损伤的肾功能有保护作用.     

左旋精氨酸预处理对老龄大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用简

目的研究左旋精氨酸（L-arginine,L-Arg）对老龄大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤（ischemia-reperfusioniNury,IRI）的保护作用并探讨其作用机制。方法将SD大鼠分为3组,L-Arg组大鼠构建IRI模型,手术前24h及术前30min尾静脉注射左旋精氨酸,剂量为250mg／kg;IR组大鼠构建IRI模型,仅注射生理盐水;对照组（C组）为分离肾蒂血管,注射生理盐水。观察大鼠IR后生存时间,另分别于再灌注后4、8、12、24、48、72h处死动物,处死前下腔静脉取血,检测血肌酐（serumcreatinine,Scr）和尿素氮（bloodureanitrogen,BUN）水平。获取肾组织标本,用于髓过氧化物酶（my-eloperoxidase,MPO）酶联免疫吸附剂测定（enzyme-linkedimmunosorbentassay,ELISA）检测,免疫组化和Westernblot检测血红素氧化酶-1（hemeoxidase-1,HO-1）含量,以及病理学观察。结果①IR组存活率为37．5％,L_Arg组大鼠存活率提高至70．8％,而对照组大鼠存活率100％,各组之间有明显差异（P〈0．01）。②IR组大鼠再灌注后4h时Scr和BUN水平开始逐渐升高,与C组相比,IR组Scr和BUN在各个时间段明显升高（P〈0．01）,再灌注后4～72h,L-Arg组大鼠Scr均较IR组明显降低（P〈0．01）。③单纯IR组大鼠再灌注后4h开始升高,各时间点肾组织MPO水平均高于C组（P〈0．01）和L-Arg组,且在再灌注后12,24,72h最显著（P〈0．01）。④免疫组化和Westernblot结果显示：L-Arg预处理后,肾组织中HO-1阳性细胞数量增加,L-Arg组大鼠肾脏组织HO-1表达水平明显高于IR组（P〈0．05）。结论L-Arg预处理能够改善老龄大鼠肾功能,减轻肾组织病理损伤,减少再灌注后炎症反应,提高大鼠肾缺血再灌注后生存率。L-Arg通过诱导HO-1的表达可以保护老龄大鼠肾脏的缺血再灌注损伤。     

茶多酚对肾缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶和丙二醛的影响

目的:探讨茶多酚(TP)对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肾脏的保护作用及其机制。方法:健康雄性SD大鼠42只,均切除右侧肾脏,随机分为假手术组、肾脏缺血再灌注损伤(ischemia reperfusion injury,IRI)组(左侧肾蒂用无创动脉夹夹闭1h恢复血液灌注)、TP预处理组(在实验前1周给予TP200mg/kg灌胃)。肾脏IRI组及TP预处理组在左肾缺血1h恢复再灌注0、2、24h后分别检测血清肌酐(Scr)、血清丙二醛(MDA)水平及血清超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)活性,观察肾组织的病理变化,并对3组进行比较。结果:TP预处理组肾组织病理变化轻于肾脏IRI组,其肾小管以肿胀为主,个别呈现坏死样改变,肾间质水肿、充血、炎性细胞浸润不明显,IRI组肾小管上皮细胞变性坏死,上皮细胞脱落,肾小管管腔变窄,肾间质水肿、充血伴炎性细胞大量浸润。与假手术组比较,在不同时间点肾脏IRI组的Scr、MDA水平明显升高(P<0.05),SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05)。TP预处理组的Scr、MDA水平均较肾脏IRI组明显降低(P<0.05),而SOD活性明显增强((P<0.05)。结论:TP在肾脏IRI过程中,通过增强SOD活性,清除过多的氧自由基,减少MDA的生成起到对肾脏的保护作用。     

大蒜素及缺血预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响及机制研究

目的:探讨缺血预处理和大蒜素注射液预处理对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的影响及机制.方法:建立大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤模型.将75只SD大鼠随机分成对照组(Control group,CON组)、缺血再禳注(Ischemia reperfusion,IR组)、缺血预处理组(Ischemic preconditioning group,IPC组)、大蒜素预处理组(Allitride preconditioning group,APC组)、大蒜素及缺血预处理(Allitride preconditi oning and ischemic preconditioning group,AIPC组)共5组,每组15只.各组均于术后24 h采集肾组织及血样标本,用HE法观察肾组织病理形态、测定血尿素氮(Blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、肌酐(Creatinine,Cr)含量、TBA法测定丙二醛(Malonaldehyde,MDA)含量、黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性;免疫组化法观察肾组织中粘附分子(Interce llular adhesion molecule-1,ICAM-1)的表达.结果:IPC或APC后HE染色坏死较IR组减少,BUN、Cr、MDA含量较IR组下降(P＜0.01),SOD活性较lR组升高(P＜0.01),肾组织ICAM-1表达较IR组下降(P＞0.01). AIPC处理后各项指标较IPC或APE单一处理有显著区别(P＜0.01).结论:缺血预处理和大蒜素预处理对肾缺血再灌注有保护作用,两种处理因素对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤的保护有协同作用,可能是通过下调ICAM-1的表达实现的.     

丹参注射液和川芎嗪防治肾缺血-再灌注损伤的对比研究

目的:比较丹参注射液和川芎嗪对肾缺血-再灌注损伤(IRI)的防治效果。方法:40只SD雄性大鼠随机分成丹参组、川芎嗪组、模型组和假手术组。药物干预组分别注射丹参注射液、川芎嗪,模型组与假手术组均注射生理盐水,3d后建立肾缺血-再灌注损伤(IRI)模型。用血管夹阻断左肾血流1h,于缺血末摘除右肾,再灌注后6h及24h采血测肌酐(Scr)值;同时取左肾组织测丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,并行病理检查。结果:再灌注6h、24h后,丹参组的Scr与模型组比较无明显差异,但明显高于川芎嗪组和假手术组(P<0.01)。再灌注6h后,丹参组与川芎嗪组肾组织MDA含量无显著差异,而再灌注24h后丹参组的MDA含量明显高于川芎嗪组(P<0.01);再灌注后6h、24h后,川芎嗪组肾组织SOD活性均高于丹参组(P<0.05)。肾脏病理检查提示模型组肾小管坏死明显,丹参组也有较明显的肾小管坏死,而川芎嗪组肾小管病变明显改善。结论:川芎嗪对肾脏IRI有明显的防治作用,而抗氧化可能是其防治作用的机制之一;丹参无明显的防治肾脏IRI的作用。     

CD8+CD28-T细胞介导大鼠远距离缺血预处理肾脏保护效应的研究

目的探讨CD8 CD28-T细胞在远程缺血预处理保护早期肾脏热缺血再灌注损伤中的作用。方法雄性SD大鼠40只随机分为假手术对照组(sham)、单纯缺血再灌注组(IRI)、肾脏缺血预处理 缺血再灌注组(KIP IRI)、远程缺血预处理 缺血再灌注组(RIP IRI),再灌注2h后各组抽血检测肌酐、IL-10、CD8及CD28并作肾脏组织学观察。结果RIP IRI组、KIP IRI组外周血CD8 CD28-T细胞比例、血清IL-10浓度高于IRI组、sham组(P<0.01),而外周血CD28 T细胞含量低于IRI组,并伴随血清肌酐、肾组织中肾小管损害程度Paller氏评分的下降(P<0.01),RIP IRI和KIP IRI组间以上指标差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论远程缺血预处理与肾脏缺血预处理存在相似的保护早期肾脏热缺血再灌注损伤的作用,其中CD8 CD28-T细胞参与其中并发挥免疫抑制作用。     

双后肢远距离缺血预处理保护大鼠肝脏早期热缺血再灌注损伤的免疫机制初探

目的探讨CD8 CD28-T细胞在双后肢远距离缺血预处理保护大鼠肝脏早期热缺血再灌注损伤中的免疫作用。方法雄性SD大鼠30只随机分为假手术对照组(Sham)、缺血再灌注组(IRI)、双后肢远距离缺血预处理 缺血再灌注组(RIP IRI),再灌注2h后各组抽血检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、白介素-10(IL-10)、外周血CD8 CD28-T细胞及CD28 T细胞比例并作肝脏组织学观察。结果RIP IRI组外周血CD8 CD28-T细胞比例、血清IL-10浓度高于IRI组和Sham组(均P<0·05),其外周血CD28 T细胞含量、血清ALT、肝脏组织损害低于IRI组(P<0·05)。结论双后肢远距离缺血预处理保护大鼠肝脏早期热缺血再灌注损伤的效应中存在CD8 CD28-T细胞参与并发挥免疫抑制作用。     

山药多糖预处理对缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肾脏缺氧诱导因子1α的影响

目的探讨山药多糖预处理对肾缺血再灌注损伤大鼠肾脏缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）和血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）表达的影响。方法将健康雄性SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组、模型组、山药多糖预处理组,制备大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤模型。术前1周,山药多糖预处理组每日予以山药多糖（200mg·kg^-1）灌胃,假手术组和模型组每日予以生理盐水（10mL·kg^-1）灌胃,再灌注6h后检测各组大鼠血尿素氮（BUN）和血清肌酐（Scr）的含量,Westernblot和RT—PCR法分别检测各组肾组织HIF-1α蛋白及mRNA、HO-1蛋白的表达水平。结果山药多糖预处理组BUN、Scr含量明显低于模型组（P〈0．01）,肾组织HIF-1αmRNA及蛋白、HO-1蛋白的表达明显高于模型组（P〈0．01）。结论山药多糖预处理对。肾缺血再灌注损伤具有明显保护作用,其机制可能为通过上调肾组织中HIF-1α的表达进而诱导HO-1的表达。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.