抚触和动作训练对婴幼儿生长发育影响的效果评价

【目的】　探讨抚触及动作训练对正常婴儿生长发育的影响。　【方法】　按随机抽样的方法 ,将实验对象分为实验组与对照组 ,对实验组小儿进行抚触和动作训练 ,对照组不给任何干预 ,两组小儿定期进行体格检查 (体重、身长 )并用盖塞尔量表 (Gesell)作发育评估。　【结果】　①出生后开始进行抚触和动作训练者 ,实验组各阶段体重、身高均高于对照组。两组前半年身高、体重增值差异有显著性 ;Gesell测试结果表明 :实验组 6个月五大能区发育商 (developmentalquotient,DQ)均显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,12个月时除大动作 ,其余各能区DQ均显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。② 6个月开始进行抚触和动作训练者 ,12个月时两组体重、身高比较接近 ,但实验组身高增值显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。Gesell测试结果 ,12个月时适应性、运动能、语言及个人 社交能区DQ显著高于对照组 (P <0 .0 5 )。　【结论】　无论从出生开始 ,还是出生后 6个月开始对婴儿进行抚触和动作训练 ,对婴儿的生长发育均有促进作用。     

抚触对42天婴儿早期发育的影响

【目的】研究抚触对42d婴儿体格发育和神经行为发育的影响。为临床提供参考依据。【方法】选择正常健康的42d婴儿800例。随机抽取抚触组100例，对照组100例。抚触组婴儿从出生第1d开始皮肤抚触至42d，每天3次。每次15min。均于出生后42d测量体重、身长、头围．并对其行为发育进行测评。【结果】抚触组42d后体重、身长、头围的增长均高于对照组。差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。同时。对其测试俯卧抬头、视距追踪、听觉追踪和对测试者的微笑差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。【结论】婴儿抚触对42d婴儿的体格发育及行为发育具有明娃的促进作用，值得大力提倡和推广，进而提高婴儿的身心发育水平。     

早期给予抚触、被动体操和运动训练对早产儿发育的影响研究

目的:探讨给予早产儿早期抚触、被动体操和运动训练对其体格和智能发育的影响。方法:采用前瞻性研究方法将89例早产儿作为研究对象并跟踪观察,根据是否按照要求坚持进行早期抚触、被动体操和运动训练分为研究组41例和对照组48例,比较两组早产儿出生后不同时间的体格发育及智能发育状况。结果:出生时研究组和对照组早产儿体重、身长、头围差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),出生后第3、6、12个月研究组早产儿体重均显著>对照组(P<0.05),出生后第3个月两组早产儿身长与头围差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),在第6、12个月研究组早产儿头围、身长显著>对照组(P<0.05)。出生后第3个月两组早产儿智能发育指标大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言、社交行为评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组早产儿第6个月的大运动、适应能力、社交行为评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组的精细动作、语言得分在第6个月及在第12个月的大运动、精细动作、适应能力、语言、社交行为评分均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:给予早产儿早期抚触、被动体操和运动训练对其体格和智能发育具有一定的促进作用。     

游泳与抚触对剖宫产儿生长发育影响的临床研究

目的:探讨游泳与抚触对剖宫产儿体格发育和神经行为发育的影响。方法:选择剖宫产体重2500～4000g的正常新生儿160例,分为两组各80例;观察组为新生儿游泳与抚触组,对照组为单纯沐浴组;观察记录两组婴儿42天、3个月时体重、身长、头围增长的情况,于出生后14、28天对新生儿进行行为神经评分(NBNA),3个月时利用Gesell发育量表,对两组婴儿进行智能发育测试。结果:观察组的剖宫产儿体重、身长、头围均较对照组增加明显,差异具有显著性(P<0.01);新生儿NBNA评分明显高于对照组;3个月时各能区发育以大运动、精细动作、个人交往能区发育商明显高于对照组,两者比较有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论:游泳与抚触的有机结合可促进剖宫产新生儿体格生长和神经行为的发育,是促进婴儿身心健康全面发展的一种有益的保健运动。     

抚触对528例婴儿生长发育的影响

【目的】观察抚触对婴儿生长发育与呼吸及消化系统疾患发生的影响。【方法】将528例正常足月新生儿，随机分为两组。抚触组与对照组各264例。【结果】抚触组婴儿在头围、身长、体重等方面增长较快，且呼吸及消化系统发病率明显低于对照组。【结论】抚触可促进婴儿生长发育。     

抚触对婴儿生长发育的影响

【目的】探讨抚触对婴儿生长发育及消化系统疾病的影响。【方法】将100例足月正常新生儿分为抚触组与对照组,对50例新生儿进行正规的抚触活动,观察两组新生儿在42 d时体重、身长、头围、睡眠时间的变化以及消化系统疾病发病情况。【结果】抚触后婴儿体重、身长、头围、睡眠时间明显增加,消化系统疾病发病率明显下降。【结论】抚触是一种能促进婴儿生长发育、降低消化系统疾病发病率的安全、简便的方法。     

中医按摩、抚触及动作训练对婴儿生长发育的影响

目的:探讨中医按摩、抚触及动作训练对婴儿生长发育的影响。方法:按单纯随机抽样兼顾自愿的原则将168例婴儿分为对照组、0月实验组和6月实验组。实验组用中医按摩、抚触及动作训练,每天2~3次,每次按摩5 m in,抚触10m in,动作训练5 m in,并随年龄增长时间延长,定期检测体重、身长、五大能区发育商。结果:实验组在6个月、12个月时体重、身高、五大能区的发育商均高于对照组。结论:中医按摩、抚触及动作训练可促进婴儿体格和智能的发育。     

婴儿早期游泳、抚触对儿童生长发育影响的研究

[目的]、探讨婴儿早期游泳、抚触对儿童生长发育的影响效果，为推行婴儿游泳及抚触提供科学依据。[方法]以新生儿出生后4小时至6个月的游泳婴儿为观察对象，采用与游泳婴儿性别、日龄相近的非游泳婴儿为对照组进行对比研究。婴儿早期游泳以连续10天为1个游程，每次游泳时间10分钟～20分钟，每次游泳结束后对婴儿进行被动抚触。主要观察指标为婴儿性别、日龄、孕周、出生时及游泳后身长、体重、头围、胸围、上臂围等指标。[结果]除身长外其他4项指标（体重、头围、胸围、上臀围）的月平均生长发育增长速度，游泳组显著高于对照组（P〈0．05）。对婴儿生长发育速度引入性别、孕周、游泳锻炼、开始游泳时的日龄4个变量进行了多元逐步回归分析。提示：身长、体重、头围、胸围、上臂围5项指标均与游泳锻炼、开始游泳时的日龄呈显著性正相关。另外，头围增长速度与男性呈显著性正相关。[结论]对婴儿早期实施游泳、抚触锻炼，可促进婴儿全身各生理系统健康发育。     

抚触对正常婴儿生长发育的远期效果观察

【目的】观察抚触对正常婴儿的体格发育、智力发育、睡眠、疾病的近、远期影响。【方法】292名0～3月正常婴儿随机分为抚触组(n=167)和对照组(n=81)，抚触组的婴儿接受抚触，每天2～3次，每次15～20min，持续3个月。定期监测智力、身高、体重、头围、睡眠、喂养、疾病情况。【结果】抚触组婴儿在6个月、18个月时，智能和运动发育指数及睡眠状况明显好于对照组。6个月时体重增长好于对照组。【结论】抚触可促进婴儿近期体重增长，促进智能发育并且有较好的长远效果。抚触可改善婴儿睡眠。     

早期综合干预对高危儿神经心理发育近期影响的研究

目的 探讨早期干预对高危新生儿神经心理早期发育的作用.方法 将74例高危儿分为两组,干预组41例,未干预组33例,另设正常对照组37例.干预组实施婴儿抚触、婴儿体操、运动训练及视听觉刺激综合干预训练.三组分别于出生后3个月、6个月采用0～6岁神经心理发育量表进行综合评价.结果 3个月后,未干预组的DQ、大运动、精细动作、适应行为、语言、个人社交显著低于干预组(P＜0.05).6个月后,未干预组DQ、大运动、精细动作、适应行为、语言、个人社交显著低于干预组和对照组(P＜0.05).干预组的DQ、大运动、语言、社交行为和对照组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 早期干预能有效促进高危儿神经心理发育.     

医疗服务操作分类与编码的设计与应用简

医疗服务操作分类与编码是医学信息标准化的重要组成部分,是临床数据提取、分析和应用的基础。世界卫生组织及世界多国一直致力于开发、更新和维护此分类与编码。我国此前一直沿袭美国准备在2014年停止使用的ICD-9-CM-3（卷3）,中国需要结合国际主流设计思路,根据国情开发出适宜的多轴、一体化的医疗服务操作分类与编码体系。     

环境中双酚A的污染及降解去除的研究进展

近10年来随着科学与社会的发展，环境雌激素污染日益引起人们的关注。双酚A是环境雌激素的一种，用途广泛，但具有多方面的毒性。对其毒理、污染及降解去除的研究已经成为国际上的研究热点。该文拟对上述几方面的研究进展情况作一简要介绍。     

黄体功能不健的调控机理

主要就引起卵巢黄体功能不健的因素 ,分别从激素调节、细胞因子 (VEGF、TNF α、BFGF、IFN γ、IGF)、C myc、Fas、SGP 2基因调控以及细胞连接、细胞粘附分子、NO等对卵巢功能的调节及对黄体细胞的凋亡影响进行阐述 ,认为卵泡发育不良、颗粒细胞、黄体细胞的凋亡与黄体功能不足有密切的关系。且多种细胞因子、基因表达产物参与此过程的调控。深入的研究这一调控机制 ,对于进一步了解卵巢卵泡生长发育、卵泡闭锁及黄体细胞凋亡的内在机制有重要意义     

HIS与PACS软件融合方案的设计与实现

目的：实现PACS与HIS的系统集成。方法：使用Powerbuilder设计电子申请系统，利用Oracle存储过程实现不同系统间的数据同步。结果：完成了第四军医大学西京医院的PACS／HIS软件融合，经临床应用，反应良好。结论：系统集成应根据医院需求，由信息科牵头，多方论证，遵循高可用性、低耦合度的原则，在保证软件实用、流程合理的前提下，应最大限度地压缩新旧流程的共存时间。     

Intake of dietary phytoestrogen and indices of antioxidant and bone metabolism of pre- and post-menopausal Korean women

A group of 101 women, aged 40-65 years consisted of 48 premenopausal subjects and 53 postmenopausal ones living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area in Korea were evaluated with their general characteristics, lifestyle factors, nutrient and phytoestrogen intakes, blood and urinary indices concerning antioxidant status and bone metabolism. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the postmenopausal women were significantly higher (23.8, 0.86, and 126.9 mmHg, respectively) than those of the premenopausal women (22.6, 0.82, and 115.9 mmHg; respectively). Nutrient intakes of the postmenopausal and premenopausal groups were not different except lower fat intake and higher dietary fiber and iron intakes in the postmenopausal group. Daily total phytoestrogen intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group (48.54 mg) than the premenopausal (31.41 mg) and was resulted mostly from higher intakes of daidzein and genistein from soy and soy products (45.42 mg vs 28.91 mg). Serum genistein level and excretion of enterolactone, major lignan metabolite, were not very different between the two groups. Serum retinal and α- tocopherol levels were higher in the postmenopausal group but TBARS levels were not different between the two groups. Serum osteocalcin (7.18 ng/mL) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (7.15 nmol/mmol creatinine), in the postmenopausal group were significantly higher than those in the premenopausal group (4.80 ng/mL, 5.95 nmol/mmol creatinine). Urinary excretion of enterolactone was positively correlated with serum osetocalcin in premenopausal women and serum genistein negatively correlated with the urinary DPD in postmenopausal women. Dietary phytoestrogen intake was negatively correlated with serum level of TBARS in all subjects. It is concluded that the effect of total phytoestrogen intake is beneficial on body antioxidant status in all middle-aged women regardless of menopause but the effect on bone metabolism appears different by the type of the phytoestrogen and the menopausal state.     

Reliability and validity of indices of hand-grip strength and endurance

Background/aim: Grip strength is useful in clinical practice for the assessment of disease and/or rehabilitation progression. Brief maximal gripping is seldom required in everyday occupations, with repeated or sustained gripping at sub‐maximal power more commonly involved. It has been proposed that assessment of both maximal hand‐grip force and endurance is utilised. While the suitability of maximal contraction measures has been clearly established, the reliability and validity of other hand‐grip indices have not been investigated. This study examined the reliability of various hand‐grip indices and their validity in relation to distance walked during the six‐minute walk test, a standardised exercise capacity test. Methods: Subjects undertook static sub‐maximal (50%) and maximal force contraction hand‐grip testing from which various indices were derived, and six‐minute walk testing from which distance walked was determined. Testing was repeated on three separate occasions for determination of test–retest reliability. Results: Pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction measurements demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability and validity. Conversely, other hand‐grip indices were shown to be unreliable and exhibited no relationship with distance walked and hence concurrent validity could not be established. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction may be utilised for the assessment of client ability and progression due to their established validity and test–retest reliability. However, previously proposed measures of fatigue such as endurance (duration of sustained contraction), Strength Decrement Index and work performed (function of endurance and force of contraction) are unreliable and invalid and may have limited use in clinical practice.     

Evaluation of impact of temperature and pH alterations on the size and antigenicity of meningococcal serogroup A and X polysaccharides and conjugates

The changes in the recommended storage conditions of the glycoconjugate vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis (Men) serogroup A and serogroup X can affect its activity or potency. Elevated temperature and the change in pH may result in the physical instability leading to the size degradation of the polysaccharide (PS) and subsequent loss of PS epitopes. Moreover, high temperature may also result in protein aggregation and altered tertiary structure of the protein in the conjugate. Consequently, the construction of a potent glycoconjugate is dependent on optimal temperature and pH. The changes in both these conditions can also affect the production of a capsular polysaccharide (PS) and its conjugation to a protein carrier and may also affect the integrity of the vaccine molecule including the maintenance of the protective epitopes. In our study we have used inhibition ELISA as a tool to assess the impact of temperature and pH alterations on the antigenicity of N. meningitidis serogroup A and X, PS and conjugates and their correlation with the size distribution analysis using high pressure size exclusion chromatography. The studies on pH alterations from 5 to 9 led to minimal impact on size and antigenicity of all antigens, however, an elevated temperature adversely impacted the antigen size as well as antigenicity to varying extent. Results indicate the higher stability of MenX PS and conjugate as compared to that for MenA counterparts at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, both the MenA and MenX conjugates appears to be more stable as compared to the corresponding PSs.     

疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置及缺口研究

目的明确2002～2005年疾病预防控制机构设备资产配置变化情况。方法全国系统抽样调查省市县各级疾病预防控制机构的各类设备配置种类和数量,计算设备资产,和标准比较得到缺口。结果疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置明显增加,但缺口仍然很大,就A类设备缺口达到50·2亿。