黄体功能不健的调控机理

主要就引起卵巢黄体功能不健的因素，分别从激素调节、细胞因子(VEGF、TNF-α、BFGF、IFN-γ、IGF)、C—myc、Fas、SGP-2基因调控以及细胞连接、细胞粘附分子、NO等对卵巢功能的调节及对黄体细胞的凋亡影响进行阐述，认为卵泡发育不良、颗粒细胞、黄体细胞的凋亡与黄体功能不足有密切的关系。且多种细胞因子、基因表达产物参与此过程的调控。深入的研究这一调控机制，对于进一步了解卵巢卵泡生长发育、卵泡闭锁及黄体细胞凋亡的内在机制有重要意义。     

黄体防病,从三个绰号说起

黄体乃是少女性成熟后卵巢周期变化的产物,在每次月事中期,卵巢有一个卵泡发育成熟,其中的卵子脱颖而出,卵泡随即塌陷、出血,形成血块,留在卵泡内的颗粒细胞及卵泡膜细胞肥大增生,内含黄色类脂质,医学称为黄体细胞。黄体细胞逐渐积累而形成一个黄豆或花生米大的小体,这就是黄体。     

DahlS高血压大鼠卵巢的细胞凋亡研究

目的　通过对DahlS高血压大鼠卵巢颗粒细胞及黄体细胞凋亡的初步研究 ,以期阐明高血压时卵巢的细胞凋亡特征。方法　以日本引进DahlS高血压大鼠为研究对象 ,选用生后 5周的DahlS雌性大鼠随机分为实验组、对照组 ,分别投予 8%食盐饲料、正常饲料 ,于 11、13、15周龄取材。应用光镜 ,电镜 ,原位末端标记试剂盒(TUNELBox) ,流式细胞等技术 ,对凋亡的颗粒细胞及黄体细胞进行定性、定位及定量。结果　随高血压病程延长、病情加重 :⑴光镜下观察实验组生长卵泡中颗粒细胞排列不整齐 ,松散 ,闭锁卵泡数目增多 ,黄体数目减少。⑵TUNEL染色可见凋亡在生长卵泡的颗粒细胞中均有发生 ,闭锁卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡最显著 ,黄体细胞未见TUNEL阳性细胞。⑶电镜下观察颗粒细胞及黄体细胞凋亡的特征为核周间隙增宽 ,核固缩 ,染色质边集 ,凝聚 ,线粒体嵴模糊紊乱 ,腔内出现高电子密度异常颗粒 ,滑面内质网减少 ,类脂呈板层状改变。⑷流式细胞检测显示卵巢细胞凋亡率逐渐上升 ,13、15周龄实验组凋亡率分别为 (6 4 2± 1 0 6 ) %、(6 6 7± 2 11) %均明显高于对照组(t =3 0 2 7、3 0 85 ,P <0 0 1)。⑸卵巢细胞凋亡率与血压升高呈正相关 (γ =0 76 8,P <0 0 1)。结论　高血压能加重卵巢的细胞凋亡并有可能导致生殖功能衰退     

微小RNA在卵巢颗粒细胞中的研究进展

微小RNA(microRNAs,miRNAs)是一类内源性非编码RNA,可以在转录后水平通过对靶基因的调控,影响蛋白质的表达,其参与调节各个环节的细胞生命活动。特定的miRNAs低表达、过表达或者变异都可能引起细胞功能的异常。卵巢颗粒细胞是卵泡中最重要的体细胞,其围绕在卵母细胞周围,可合成多种激素及生长因子,并表达其受体,通过缝隙连接调控卵泡膜细胞和卵母细胞的生长、分化和成熟,进而调控卵泡的发育。MiRNAs在卵泡发育过程中的作用除了miRNAs对卵母细胞的直接作用外,其在颗粒细胞中的调控作用也尤为重要。研究发现,miRNAs在卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖与分化、凋亡、性激素分泌等过程中发挥重要的作用。本文综述近年卵巢颗粒细胞中miRNAs的研究进展。     

人颗粒黄体细胞凋亡:体外受精结果的一个可能预测指标

卵泡闭锁是细胞程序化死亡即凋亡引起的。有关卵泡和颗粒细胞凋亡的调控机制很复杂,包括多种激素和生长因子,且多数为存活因素,促卵泡成熟激素(FSH)则是最重要的一种。有人用荧光显微镜研究表明体外受精(IVF)治疗有效者其颗粒细胞凋亡小体发生率低。如用流式细胞技术检测颗粒黄体细胞,其准确性将大大高于荧光显微镜。因它能在短时间内检测大量颗粒黄体细胞(>100 000)。本文研究用流式细胞技术测定的行IVF期间凋亡颗粒黄体细胞数与患者对治疗反应间的关系,以阐明凋亡细胞检测的     

卵泡发育和闭锁与卵巢细胞凋亡的研究进展

近年来对卵巢细胞凋亡的胞内机制研究取得了很大的进展。已知卵巢体细胞和生殖细胞的凋亡参与了卵泡的发育和闭锁,体细胞(主要指颗粒细胞)的凋亡决定于Bcl-2家族、Caspases家族和Apaf-1三大类基因表达产物的相互作用与平衡,其中Bcl-2家族又分为三个亚家族,对凋亡分别有着抑制或促进的作用,它们之间亦保持着平衡。Caspases家族成员又有不同的分工,分别在凋亡的起始和效应阶段发挥作用。APaf-1则是连接上游调控因子(如Bcl-2家族)和下游效应分子(如Caspases家族)的重要的中间蛋白质。颗粒细胞的凋亡主要在发育晚期的卵泡闭销中起主导作用,而卵细胞的凋亡主要在发育早期的卵泡闭锁中起主导作用。     

卵泡发育和闭锁与卵巢细胞凋亡的研究进展

近年来对卵巢细胞凋亡的胞内机制研究取得了很大的进展.已知卵巢体细胞和生殖细胞的凋亡参与了卵泡的发育和闭锁,体细胞(主要指颗粒细胞)的凋亡决定于Bcl-2家族、Caspases家族和Apaf-1三大类基因表达产物的相互作用与平衡,其中Bcl-2家族又分为三个亚家族,对凋亡分别有着抑制或促进的作用,它们之间亦保持着平衡.Caspases家族成员又有不同的分工,分别在凋亡的起始和效应阶段发挥作用.Apaf-1则是连接上游调控因子(如Bcl-2家族)和下游效应分子(如Caspases家族)的重要的中间蛋白质.颗粒细胞的凋亡主要在发育晚期的卵泡闭销中起主导作用,而卵细胞的凋亡主要在发育早期的卵泡闭锁中起主导作用.     

卵泡发育和闭锁与卵巢细胞凋亡的研究进展

近年来对卵巢细胞凋亡的胞内机制研究取得了很大的进展,已知卵巢体细胞和生殖细胞的凋亡参与了卵泡的发育和闭锁,体细胞（主要指颗粒细胞）的凋亡决定于Bcl-2家族,Caspases家族和Apaf-1三大类基因表达产物的相互作用与平衡,其中Bcl-2家族又分为三个亚家族,对凋亡分别有着抑制或促进的作用,它们之间亦保持着平衡,Caspases家族成员又有不同的分工,分别在凋亡的起始和效应阶段发挥作用,Apaf-1则是连接上游调控因子（如Bcl-2家族）和下游效应分子（如Caspases家族）的重要的中间蛋白质,颗粒细胞的凋亡主要在发育晚期的卵泡闭锁中起主导作用,而卵细胞的凋亡主要在发育早期的卵泡闭锁中起主导作用。     

房事腹痛要防黄体破裂

引起房事腹痛的原因是多种多样的,其中卵巢黄体破裂是较为常见的原因之一。 在月经中期,成熟卵泡排卵后,其卵泡壁塌陷,泡膜内的血管破裂出血,血液流入腔内凝成血块而形成血体,卵泡壁的破口被纤维蛋白封闭而修复,血被吸收而形成黄体。它是由黄体细胞及卵     

生殖腺与免疫系统的相互影响

本文通过国外最近文献资料分析生殖腺与免疫系统的关系。睾丸Leydig细胞分泌一种或多种免疫调节因子,如活化因子、前列腺素及类固醇激素,在睾丸内控制着巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞的功能。在Leydig细胞的影响下,睾丸巨噬细胞可抑制淋巴细胞活性。另一方面,高浓度黄体生成激素(LH)/人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)的刺激会导致Leydig细胞功能障碍而引起炎性反应。巨噬细胞和淋巴细胞激肽可调节睾丸的功能状态。卵巢也有与睾丸相似的调控机制,包括粒层细胞和黄体细胞与免疫系统的相互作用。故性腺激素是重要的生殖细胞免疫保护物质。     

医疗服务操作分类与编码的设计与应用简

医疗服务操作分类与编码是医学信息标准化的重要组成部分,是临床数据提取、分析和应用的基础。世界卫生组织及世界多国一直致力于开发、更新和维护此分类与编码。我国此前一直沿袭美国准备在2014年停止使用的ICD-9-CM-3（卷3）,中国需要结合国际主流设计思路,根据国情开发出适宜的多轴、一体化的医疗服务操作分类与编码体系。     

环境中双酚A的污染及降解去除的研究进展

近10年来随着科学与社会的发展，环境雌激素污染日益引起人们的关注。双酚A是环境雌激素的一种，用途广泛，但具有多方面的毒性。对其毒理、污染及降解去除的研究已经成为国际上的研究热点。该文拟对上述几方面的研究进展情况作一简要介绍。     

HIS与PACS软件融合方案的设计与实现

目的：实现PACS与HIS的系统集成。方法：使用Powerbuilder设计电子申请系统，利用Oracle存储过程实现不同系统间的数据同步。结果：完成了第四军医大学西京医院的PACS／HIS软件融合，经临床应用，反应良好。结论：系统集成应根据医院需求，由信息科牵头，多方论证，遵循高可用性、低耦合度的原则，在保证软件实用、流程合理的前提下，应最大限度地压缩新旧流程的共存时间。     

Intake of dietary phytoestrogen and indices of antioxidant and bone metabolism of pre- and post-menopausal Korean women

A group of 101 women, aged 40-65 years consisted of 48 premenopausal subjects and 53 postmenopausal ones living in Daegu and Gyeongbuk area in Korea were evaluated with their general characteristics, lifestyle factors, nutrient and phytoestrogen intakes, blood and urinary indices concerning antioxidant status and bone metabolism. Body mass index (BMI), waist hip ratio (WHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) of the postmenopausal women were significantly higher (23.8, 0.86, and 126.9 mmHg, respectively) than those of the premenopausal women (22.6, 0.82, and 115.9 mmHg; respectively). Nutrient intakes of the postmenopausal and premenopausal groups were not different except lower fat intake and higher dietary fiber and iron intakes in the postmenopausal group. Daily total phytoestrogen intake was significantly higher in the postmenopausal group (48.54 mg) than the premenopausal (31.41 mg) and was resulted mostly from higher intakes of daidzein and genistein from soy and soy products (45.42 mg vs 28.91 mg). Serum genistein level and excretion of enterolactone, major lignan metabolite, were not very different between the two groups. Serum retinal and α- tocopherol levels were higher in the postmenopausal group but TBARS levels were not different between the two groups. Serum osteocalcin (7.18 ng/mL) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (7.15 nmol/mmol creatinine), in the postmenopausal group were significantly higher than those in the premenopausal group (4.80 ng/mL, 5.95 nmol/mmol creatinine). Urinary excretion of enterolactone was positively correlated with serum osetocalcin in premenopausal women and serum genistein negatively correlated with the urinary DPD in postmenopausal women. Dietary phytoestrogen intake was negatively correlated with serum level of TBARS in all subjects. It is concluded that the effect of total phytoestrogen intake is beneficial on body antioxidant status in all middle-aged women regardless of menopause but the effect on bone metabolism appears different by the type of the phytoestrogen and the menopausal state.     

Reliability and validity of indices of hand-grip strength and endurance

Background/aim: Grip strength is useful in clinical practice for the assessment of disease and/or rehabilitation progression. Brief maximal gripping is seldom required in everyday occupations, with repeated or sustained gripping at sub‐maximal power more commonly involved. It has been proposed that assessment of both maximal hand‐grip force and endurance is utilised. While the suitability of maximal contraction measures has been clearly established, the reliability and validity of other hand‐grip indices have not been investigated. This study examined the reliability of various hand‐grip indices and their validity in relation to distance walked during the six‐minute walk test, a standardised exercise capacity test. Methods: Subjects undertook static sub‐maximal (50%) and maximal force contraction hand‐grip testing from which various indices were derived, and six‐minute walk testing from which distance walked was determined. Testing was repeated on three separate occasions for determination of test–retest reliability. Results: Pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction measurements demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability and validity. Conversely, other hand‐grip indices were shown to be unreliable and exhibited no relationship with distance walked and hence concurrent validity could not be established. Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that pre‐ and post‐fatigue maximal contraction may be utilised for the assessment of client ability and progression due to their established validity and test–retest reliability. However, previously proposed measures of fatigue such as endurance (duration of sustained contraction), Strength Decrement Index and work performed (function of endurance and force of contraction) are unreliable and invalid and may have limited use in clinical practice.     

疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置及缺口研究

目的明确2002～2005年疾病预防控制机构设备资产配置变化情况。方法全国系统抽样调查省市县各级疾病预防控制机构的各类设备配置种类和数量,计算设备资产,和标准比较得到缺口。结果疾病预防控制机构实验室设备资产配置明显增加,但缺口仍然很大,就A类设备缺口达到50·2亿。     

Evaluation of impact of temperature and pH alterations on the size and antigenicity of meningococcal serogroup A and X polysaccharides and conjugates

The changes in the recommended storage conditions of the glycoconjugate vaccines against Neisseria meningitidis (Men) serogroup A and serogroup X can affect its activity or potency. Elevated temperature and the change in pH may result in the physical instability leading to the size degradation of the polysaccharide (PS) and subsequent loss of PS epitopes. Moreover, high temperature may also result in protein aggregation and altered tertiary structure of the protein in the conjugate. Consequently, the construction of a potent glycoconjugate is dependent on optimal temperature and pH. The changes in both these conditions can also affect the production of a capsular polysaccharide (PS) and its conjugation to a protein carrier and may also affect the integrity of the vaccine molecule including the maintenance of the protective epitopes. In our study we have used inhibition ELISA as a tool to assess the impact of temperature and pH alterations on the antigenicity of N. meningitidis serogroup A and X, PS and conjugates and their correlation with the size distribution analysis using high pressure size exclusion chromatography. The studies on pH alterations from 5 to 9 led to minimal impact on size and antigenicity of all antigens, however, an elevated temperature adversely impacted the antigen size as well as antigenicity to varying extent. Results indicate the higher stability of MenX PS and conjugate as compared to that for MenA counterparts at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, both the MenA and MenX conjugates appears to be more stable as compared to the corresponding PSs.     

Adenocarcinoma of the stomach and esophagus and drinking water and dietary sources of nitrate and nitrite

We conducted a population-based case-control study of adenocarcinoma of the stomach and esophagus in Nebraska, U.S.A. Nitrate concentrations in public drinking water supplies were linked to residential water source histories. Among those using private wells at the time of the interview, we measured nitrate levels in water samples from wells. Dietary nitrate and nitrite were estimated from a food-frequency questionnaire. Among those who primarily used public water supplies (79 distal stomach, 84 esophagus, 321 controls), average nitrate levels were not associated with risk (highest versus lowest quartile: stomach OR=1.2, 95% CI [0.5-2.7]; esophagus OR=1.3, 95% CI [0.6-3.1]). We observed the highest ORs for distal stomach cancer among those with higher water nitrate ingestion and higher intake of processed meat compared with low intakes of both; however, the test for positive interaction was not significant (p=0.213). We did not observe this pattern for esophagus cancer. Increasing intake of nitrate and nitrite from animal sources was associated with elevated ORs for stomach cancer and with a significant positive trend in risk of esophagus cancer (P-trend=0.325 and 0.015, respectively). Larger studies with higher exposures to drinking water sources of nitrate are warranted to further evaluate N-nitroso compound precursors as risk factors for these cancers.     

依布哂啉纯度、杂质检测及安全性实验

目的 检测合成的依布哂啉(Ebselen Ebs)的纯度、杂质并进行急性毒性实验。方法 Ebs测定采用自建立的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)，杂质(苯胺)采用比色法，急性毒性试验采用成年大鼠1次性灌胃，观察24h内死亡率。结果 Ebs纯度为99.95％～99．99％，苯胺含量为0．00017％～0．00019％，大鼠1次经口的LD50为2355．05mg／kg。结论 Ebs质量可靠，安全性高，可供开发研究。