袢钢板技术治疗肘关节恐怖三联征的临床研究

目的探讨袢钢板技术修复尺骨冠状突骨折的手术策略及其在肘关节恐怖三联征中的应用价值和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年1月至2016年6月我院收治并完整随访的33例肘关节恐怖三联征患者资料,男21例,女12例;年龄26～68岁,平均38.6岁。致伤原因:摔伤21例,高处坠落伤7例,交通伤5例。所有患者均进行了手术治疗,由深部向浅层依次进行修复尺骨冠状突骨折、桡骨头骨折、外侧韧带复合体。采用袢钢板技术修复尺骨冠状突骨折;采用内固定(微型钢板、桡骨头解剖钢板或空心钉)或桡骨头假体置换治疗桡骨头骨折;采用带线锚钉进行外侧韧带复合体的修复重建;内侧韧带复合体不做手术修复。所有患者术后均配戴肘关节铰链式可调支具固定,早期进行肘关节主被动功能锻炼。结果全部患者均获18～24个月随访,平均20.2个月,均获骨性结构和韧带结构的愈合。末次随访时Mayo肘关节功能评分(Mayo elbow performance score,MEPS)为55～100分,平均85.8分。其中优19例,良8例,可3例,差3例,优良率为81.8%。2例患者出现肘关节僵硬,3例患者出现异位骨化,1例患者出现伤口感染,经抗感染、伤口换药等治疗后痊愈。所有患者均无神经血管损伤、内固定物松动或断裂、肘关节脱位、骨折不愈合、严重感染等并发症。结论尺骨冠状突骨折的修复是肘关节恐怖三联征治疗的关键,袢钢板技术修复尺骨冠状突骨折能获得良好的固定效果,恢复肘关节的稳定性,早期功能康复,临床疗效满意。     

肘关节前内侧面尺骨冠状突骨折的手术治疗策略

目的探讨手术治疗前内侧面尺骨冠状突骨折的方法和疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-01—2014-12采用手术治疗的前内侧面尺骨冠状突骨折20例。采用前内侧切口直接显露尺骨冠状突骨折,坚强内固定,同时探查和修复内、外侧副韧带,合并的桡骨头骨折进行内固定或置换,合并的尺骨近端骨折于后侧切口内行切开复位钢板内固定。结果 20例获得平均20(15~52)个月随访,未出现骨折不愈合和内固定失效。末次随访时屈伸弧(110±11)°,伸直受限(15±7)°,屈曲(130±5)°;前臂旋转弧(141±10)°,旋前(71±8)°,旋后(68±5)°。末次随访时肘关节功能Mayo评分为80~100(87±6)分,其中优13例,良7例;创伤性关节炎根据Broberg-Morrey标准分级:0级17例,1级3例。结论前内侧面尺骨冠状突骨折具有隐匿性,如果不予处理或简单行套索等非坚强固定技术处理,会错过最佳的治疗时机。笔者认为应积极手术治疗该类型骨折,术中外侧副韧带的修复及前关节囊的加强保护非常重要。     

尺骨冠突前内侧面骨折研究进展

尺骨冠突在肘关节稳定性中的作用越来越受到重视.解剖研究发现约有58%的尺骨冠突前内侧面没有尺骨干骺端和骨干的支持,受到内翻应力极易发生骨折.肘关节内翻、后内侧旋转损伤可引起冠突前内侧面骨折,常伴有肱尺关节半脱位和外侧副韧带起点处撕脱损伤.肘内侧副韧带前束不易受损.常表现为完整的内侧副韧带前束连带着前内侧面骨折块,一般骨折块较大,可引起肘关节内侧不稳.目前此类骨折以手术治疗为主,可先行肘内侧入路暴露骨折处,直视下解剖复位和牢固固定骨折块,再通过肘后外侧入路修复受损的外侧副韧带.重建冠突稳定性和修复受损的外侧副韧带可使肘关节获得稳定,并达到满意的治疗效果.但该法主要适用于单纯冠突前内侧面骨折,如果骨折是肘部复杂骨折脱位的一部分,可根据骨折类型选择合适的手术入路和固定方法.     

经肘后侧入路手术治疗尺骨冠状突骨折

目的观察经肘后侧入路手术治疗尺骨冠状突骨折的早期临床结果。方法对34例尺骨冠状突骨折采用经肘后侧入路分别显露尺骨冠状突、桡骨头、侧副韧带,根据骨折部位、骨折块大小选用相应固定方式,同时修复内外侧副韧带。结果 34例获随访平均14个月,平均肘关节伸屈范围110°,平均屈曲受限15°。至随访结束,MEPS评分平均为81分(78～96分),其中优18例,良7例,可5例,差4例。结论尺骨冠状突骨折采用经肘后侧切口修复冠状突骨折、重建肘关节稳定性,早期临床疗效满意。     

尺骨冠状突前内侧面骨折伴肘关节外侧副韧带损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨尺骨冠状突前内侧面骨折伴肘关节外侧副韧带损伤的手术治疗方法及临床疗效。 方法回顾性分析2011年4月至2014年7月四川省骨科医院收治且获完整随访的9例尺骨冠状突前内侧面骨折伴肘关节外侧副韧带损伤患者临床资料。其中男6例,女3例;年龄20~62岁,平均41岁。致伤原因：跌伤3例,自行车伤1例,电动自行车伤3例,交通事故伤2例。均为新鲜闭合骨折;无神经、血管损伤。受伤至手术时间4~12 d,平均7.2 d。均为O'Driscoll分型2型,其中1亚型1例,2亚型5例,3亚型3例。其中肘关节外侧副韧带肱骨外髁止点撕脱骨折4例,其余5例术中证实肘关节外侧副韧带肱骨外髁止点撕脱。伴有尺骨鹰嘴骨折或为肘关节恐怖三联征患者未纳入本组。经肘关节前侧或内侧入路复位,以支撑钢板、缝合锚、螺钉固定冠状突骨折及修复前侧关节囊。经后外侧入路,以缝合锚修复外侧副韧带。 结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无血管神经损伤。随访时间12~48个月,平均25.6个月,X线片示骨折均愈合。随访期间无内固定物失效、肘关节不稳定、创伤后骨关节炎等并发症发生。末次随访时患肘关节活动范围：伸肘0~10°,平均1.1°;屈肘110~135°,平均128.9°;前臂旋前40~70°,平均61.1°;旋后80~90°,平均88.9°。Broberg和Morrey肘关节功能评分为82~100分,平均95分;优6例,良3例,优良率100%。疼痛视觉模拟评分为0~2分,平均0.7分。 结论重视和识别尺骨冠状突前内侧面骨折伴肘关节外侧副韧带损伤,对于存在肘关节内翻后内侧旋转不稳定者,根据冠状突骨折块的大小、部位及形态,经肘关节前侧或内侧入路复位,以支撑钢板、缝合锚及螺钉固定,修复前侧关节囊,经肘关节后外侧入路,以缝合锚修复外侧副韧带,术后早期活动锻炼,可获得满意疗效。     

微钢板结合克氏针治疗Regan-MorreyⅡ、Ⅲ型尺骨冠状突骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨采用微型T板结合克氏针固定治疗Regan-MorreyⅡ、Ⅲ型尺骨冠状突骨折的临床疗效。方法回顾性研究分析自2016年7月至2019年12月收治的11例尺骨冠状突骨折患者临床资料,均采用微型T钢板结合克氏针固定治疗。男7例,女4例;年龄26～75岁,平均(44.0±12.2)岁。摔伤5例,高处坠落伤3例,车祸伤3例。本组3例单纯尺骨冠状突骨折,部分患者伴其他损伤,其中桡骨头骨折7例,尺骨近端骨折1例,尺桡骨中段骨折1例,肘关节内外侧副韧带损伤8例。采用梅奥肘关节功能评分(Mayo Elbow Performance Score, MEPS)评估临床功能。结果 11例患者随访时间8～26个月,末次随访时肘关节屈曲活动度110°～138°,平均(129.3±9.5)°;伸直受限5°～19°,平均(11.4±4.9)°。前臂旋前活动度56°～80°,平均(69.7±7.0)°;旋后活动度58°～81°,平均(70.6±7.6)°。Mayo肘关节评分55～95分,平均为(86.0±11.5)分,优良率为81.8%。结论微型T板结合克氏针固定尺骨冠状突骨折,无论冠状突骨折块的大小均可适用,获得相对满意的临床效果,值得推广。     

单纯外侧入路手术治疗肘关节恐怖三联征

目的探讨单纯外侧入路内固定治疗肘关节"恐怖三联征"的手术技巧及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2004-01—2016-12诊治的21例肘关节"恐怖三联征",均采用外侧入路手术,尺骨冠状突骨折及桡骨头骨折均用无头挤压螺钉内固定,撕裂的外侧副韧带用带线锚钉修复重建。结果 21例均获得随访,随访时间平均31.6(12~72)个月。骨折愈合时间10~16周,平均12周。末次随访时所有患者肘关节屈伸、旋转活动及内外翻应力时肘关节均保持稳定,屈伸活动范围均可达到15°~130°,旋转活动度平均140°。末次随访时肘关节功能MEPS评分平均89(75~100)分,其优8例,良11例,可2例。结论单纯外侧入路手术治疗肘关节"恐怖三联征"可取得满意的疗效,尺骨冠状突骨折、桡骨头骨折固定及修复外侧副韧带后,肘关节已经获得相对稳定,无需作内侧切口修复内侧副韧带。     

应用微型可吸收钉治疗尺骨冠状突骨折

目的 介绍尺骨冠状突骨折应用微型可吸收钉的治疗方法.方法 对9例尺骨冠状突骨折行开放复位、微型可吸收钉内固定,合并桡骨头骨折者复位后同样以微型可吸收钉固定.同时缝合修复损伤的关节囊及肘关节内、外侧侧副韧带.术后肘关节功能位固定4周后行肘关节功能锻炼.结果 8例进行了随访,随访时间6～20个月,平均18个月,骨折均愈合,肘关节稳定,无疼痛,肘关节屈伸功能平均110°,前臂旋转幅度平均100°.按Morrey等肘关节功能评分:优5例,良3例.结论 尺骨冠状突骨折对肘关节的功能影响不容忽视,既使较小的骨折片往往伴有较严重的肘关节复合损伤.整复骨折,微型可吸收钉固定实用有效.     

尺骨冠突前内侧关节面骨折合并肘关节脱位/半脱位(附2例报告)

[目的]介绍"尺骨冠突前内侧关节面骨折合并肘关节后脱位/内旋半脱位"的新概念.[方法]自2005年1月～2006年12月收治2例患者,其损伤特征包括:肘关节后脱位或内旋半脱位;冠突前内侧关节面劈裂骨折呈倒立三角形,连带内侧副韧带前束的附着点高耸结节,为O'Driscoll Ⅱ型;外侧副韧带从起点撕脱.治疗上采用肘关节内、外侧入路,分别固定骨折和修复韧带,并随访1年以上.[结果]肘关节无疼痛和不稳,屈伸和旋转幅度与健侧相同,恢复伤前体力工作.MEPS评分和DASH评分均为优.[结论]认识这一新的肘关节损伤类型,并手术固定骨折和修复韧带,能获得优良的功能效果.     

肘关节内翻-后内侧旋转不稳定

肘关节内翻-后内侧旋转不稳定是指冠状突前内侧面骨折或缺损、外侧副韧带损伤和外侧肱桡关节间隙增宽,骨性损伤使冠状突相对于滑车内侧缘发生半脱位。文献报道由于冠状突相对于尺骨干其72%是突出于尺骨干的,因此一旦受到轴向外力撞击,容易发生骨折。肘关节内翻-后内侧旋转不稳定典型的影像学表现为肱桡关节面增宽,冠状突内侧面骨折。由于认识不足,易漏诊,治疗不当或不及时,会引起严重并发症;包括关节不稳定和陈旧性脱位、肘内翻、关节迅速退变出现创伤性关节炎、异位骨化、肘关节僵硬、尺神经炎等。在临床上我们需注意的是,这种损伤与肘关节恐怖三联征损伤机制是相反的。肘关节内翻-后内侧旋转不稳定病因包括骨折未获得解剖复位、骨折不愈合,继发性移位和冠状突骨折块缺血性坏死。因此需早期诊断并通过合理的治疗,能有效防止并发症的发生。多数学者认为此类患者需手术治疗,如冠状突前内侧面骨折块较小,且肘关节稳定性好的患者可以考虑保守治疗。在处理冠状突前内侧骨折时建议采用钢板结合克氏针进行固定。冠状突骨折固定完成后,如外侧不稳定,可切开修复,也可采用铰链式外固定架进行固定保护,外架固定术后第二天即可开始康复训练,效果更确切。对于外侧副韧带复合体是否必须修复有待进一步研究。     

肘前内侧切口入路手术治疗尺骨冠状突前内侧面骨折

目的:探讨尺骨冠状突前内侧面骨折手术治疗入路和合并损伤的处理。方法:自2009年7月至2011年8月,共收治尺骨冠状突前内侧面骨折6例,男4例,女2例;年龄19～49岁,平均32.6岁;左侧3例,右侧3例;优势侧4例,非优势侧2例;均为闭合性骨折。根据O’Driscoll尺骨冠状突骨折分型均为冠状突前内侧面骨折2亚型或3亚型,均采用肘前内侧切口桡侧腕屈肌和掌长肌之间劈开指浅屈肌入路行微型接骨板固定,其中3例行冠状突固定后肘关节内翻应力位X线检查可见肱桡间隙增宽,表现出肘关节内翻后内侧旋转不稳定,桡侧副韧带未进行探查修复。术后石膏固定2周行肘关节功能锻炼,表现出内翻后内侧旋转不稳定者石膏固定4周。术后随访记录患者肘关节活动范围、疼痛和稳定情况,肘关节力量和手部握力,根据改良An和Morrey肘关节功能评分评价肘关节总体功能。结果:6例术后均获随访,时间7.5～13个月,平均9.3个月。患侧肘部和手部力量均同健侧,肘关节平均屈曲(129.0±6.5)°(120°～135°),平均伸直(4.0±4.2)°(0°～10°),前臂旋转活动度平均旋前(84.0±6.5)°(75°～90°),平均旋后(89.0±7.1)°(80°～100°),1例术后出现尺神经感觉症状并于半年后恢复,所有患者未出现肘关节疼痛、不稳定,改良An和Morrey肘关节功能评分均为优。结论:尺骨冠状突前内侧面骨折可采用桡侧腕屈肌和掌长肌间入路进行切开复位内固定治疗,伴肘关节内翻-后内侧旋转不稳定者可适度延长制动时间。     

Fracture of the anteromedial facet of the coronoid process

BACKGROUND: Fracture of the anteromedial facet of the coronoid was recently recognized as a distinct type of coronoid fracture resulting from a varus posteromedial rotational injury force. Very few reports are available to help guide the management of these injuries. METHODS: Eighteen patients with a fracture of the anteromedial facet of the coronoid process were treated over a six-year period. Twelve patients were treated for the acute fracture, and six were managed after initial treatment elsewhere. All but three patients (two with concomitant fracture of the olecranon and one with a second fracture at the base of the coronoid) had avulsion of the origin of the lateral collateral ligament complex from the lateral epicondyle. The initial treatment was operative in fifteen patients and nonoperative in three. The coronoid fracture was secured with a plate applied to the medial surface of the coronoid in nine patients, a screw in one patient, and sutures in one patient. It was not repaired in the remaining seven patients. RESULTS: At the final evaluation, an average of twenty-six months after the injury, six patients had malalignment of the anteromedial facet of the coronoid with varus subluxation of the elbow, which was due to the fact that the fracture had not been specifically treated in four patients and to loss of fracture fixation in two patients. All six had development of arthrosis and a fair or poor result according to the system of Broberg and Morrey. The remaining twelve patients had good or excellent elbow function. CONCLUSIONS: Anteromedial fractures of the coronoid are associated with either subluxation or complete dislocation of the elbow in most patients. Secure fixation of the coronoid fracture usually restores good elbow function.     

A figure-eight suture loop with Kirschner wires for fixation of anteromedial coronoid process fractures: A case series

PurposeSufficient fixation of an anterior or anteromedial facet fracture of the coronoid process in fracture-dislocation of elbow is important to maintain joint stability. The purpose of this study was to report our experience with 11 patients who were managed with an original fixation technique using a “figure-eight” suture loop.MethodsFrom February 2010 to March 2011, 11 cases with a fracture of the anterior or anteromedial facet of the coronoid process were treated by coronoid fixation using a figure-eight suture loop. For cases with comminuted fractures, to prevent a suture from sliding into the fracture line, a 3- or 4-hole phalanx plate was enclosed in the suture loop to compress multiple fragments. Accompanying injuries, such as a radial head fracture or olecranon fracture, were fixed with repair of lateral collateral ligament injuries.ResultsOn final evaluations at an average of 18 months after injury, the mean elbow arc of motion was 125.5° and the mean forearm rotation arc of 124.1°. All fractures were united with an average postoperative score according to the Mayo Elbow Performance Index of 91 points. All patients achieved satisfactory scores (seven excellent, four good). All 11 fractures were united at final follow-up with no joint incongruity, dislocation, or subluxation of the injured elbow.ConclusionsThe figure-eight suture loop technique is an easy and effective technique to fix anterior or anteromedial facet fractures of the coronoid process.     

双微型锁定钢板治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的疗效观察

目的:探讨双微型锁定钢板治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折的临床疗效。方法:自2017年3月至2020年5月,采用双微型锁定钢板治疗19例尺骨鹰嘴骨折患者,其中男12例,女7例;年龄20~75(40.50±7.62)岁;左侧10例,右侧9例。19例患者均为新鲜闭合骨折且不合并尺骨冠状突骨折、肘关节脱位等损伤。记录患者骨折愈合时间及并发症情况,并于术前、术后12个月采用Mayo肘关节功能评分标准(Mayo elbow performance score,MEPS)进行临床疗效评价。结果:19例患者术后均获得随访,时间12~17(13.51±3.17)个月。术后所有骨折获得骨性愈合,时间2~6(3.77±1.24)个月,未发生内固定断裂、螺钉松动、感染、内固定激惹、异位骨化、肘关节僵硬等并发症。术后12个月患侧肘关节MEPS评分(91.26±3.87)分与术前(56.18±9.56)分比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);按照Mayo肘关节功能评分标准,结果优11例,良7例,中1例。结论:采用双微型锁定钢板治疗尺骨鹰嘴骨折,手术切口小,骨折固定可靠,术后可早期行肘关节功能锻炼,术后内固定对皮肤激惹小,肘关节功能恢复满意,是一种可靠的固定方法。     

Surgical Treatment of Adams Type IV Anterolateral Fracture of the Ulna Coronoid Process

Objective

Anterolateral coronal fractures are so rare that the mechanism of injury, the type of combined fracture and ligament injury, and the optimal treatment are unknown. To study the outcome of surgical treatments for anterolateral (AL) fracture of the ulna coronoid process (Adams Type IV) and summarize the characteristics of this type of fracture and to guide clinical applications.

Methods

From February 2015 to April 2021, 32 patients were included in the study. All patients had standard radiography with anteroposterior and lateral views, computed tomography, and intraoperative fluoroscopy. All patients were treated surgically. Surgery-related information, including surgical approach, operation duration, blood loss, and repairing the lateral collateral ligament and the medial collateral ligament integrity, were recorded. The patient's clinical details, such as the final range of motion (ROM), the Broberg–Morrey scores and the visual analogue scale (VAS) at the last follow-up, were described. The chi-square test or Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis.

Results

We divided patients into two groups according to the anterolateral coronoid fracture morphology. In the intact group, 20 patients with an intact anterolateral coronoid fracture fragment. In the comminuted group, 12 patients with comminuted anterolateral coronoid fracture fragments extended the less sigmoid notch of the ulna. There was no difference in age, sex, total incision length, follow-up duration, and recovery with rehabilitation among the two groups (all Ps >0.05). The other follow-up outcomes, such as elbow ROM (Flexion, Extension, Posterior rotation, Anterior rotation), VAS score, or Broberg–Morrey scores, were not different between the two groups (all Ps >0.05). Both groups achieved relatively satisfactory clinical outcomes, and the Broberg–Morrey score and index excellence rate reached 84.38%. There is a statistical difference in the history of elbow dislocation (P = 0.017), radial head fracture type (P = 0.041), operation duration (P = 0.014) and blood loss at operation (P = 0.029) between the two groups. Cannulated screws, anchors, and sutures were used as point fixation in the coronoid process of the ulna. There was a statistical difference between the two groups in the choice of internal fixation (P = 0.020).

Conclusions

For anterolateral ulnar coronoid fractures with different degrees of comminution, effective and reliable surgical treatment can achieve better results and fewer complications.     

肘关节"可怕三联征"的诊断与治疗

目的 探讨肘关节"可怕三联征"的诊断要点、手术治疗原则及效果.方法 回顾性分析自2005年3月至2008年1月收治的27例肘关节"可怕三联征"患者的病历资料及随访结果,男19例,女8例;平均年龄38(14～72)岁.所有患者均采取手术治疗,23例采用单纯外侧入路,3例采用外侧加内侧入路,1例采用肘后正中入路.所有患者平均随访17.5(6～33)个月,随访内容包括:病情主诉、肘关节屈伸活动度、前臂旋转活动度、腕关节活动度、双侧握力以及X线片情况.用MEPS(Mayo Elbow Perfof-mance Score)和Broberg & Morrey评分对肘关节功能进行评分;用Morrey等提出的"5%"校正值对主力侧和非主力侧的握力标准化后进行比较.结果 所有患者在未次随访时患侧肘关节均没有明显疼痛及不稳定.患侧肘关节伸屈活动范围平均为107°(30°～150°).患侧前臂旋前-旋后活动范围平均为147°(0°～220°).患肢握力较健侧平均减少13.7%.MEPS评分平均为93.4(72～100)分,优良率92.6%.Broberg＆Morrey评分平均为91.2(68～100)分,优良率88.9%.结论 对肘关节"可怕三联征"的诊断要紧扣其定义,且须与肘关节其它损伤相鉴别.对肘关节"可怕三联征"应采用手术治疗,大多采用单纯外侧入路即可完成,必要时可加用内侧入路.治疗原则为重建肘关节同心圆性中心复位及可靠的稳定性、对桡骨头、冠状突骨折尽量进行复位内固定并重视对软组织的处理.     

外侧入路联合前内侧入路治疗肘关节“恐怖三联征”的手术疗效

 目的 探讨采用外侧入路联合前内侧入路治疗肘关节“恐怖三联征”的手术疗效。方法 回顾性分析2008年7月至2011年1月,采用外侧入路联合前内侧入路治疗23例肘关节“恐怖三联征”患者,其中21例获得完整随访资料,男17例,女4例;年龄17~63岁,平均38.4岁;坠落伤15例,运动损伤4例,交通伤2例;受伤至手术时间为2~8 d,平均4 d。尺骨冠突骨折O’Driscoll分型：A1型5例,A2型12例,B2型4例;桡骨头骨折Mason分型：Ⅰ型2例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型7例;软组织损伤仲飙等分型：Ⅰ型6例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型3例。先采用Kocher入路内固定或人工桡骨小头置换治疗桡骨小头骨折,暂时修补外侧副韧带复合体,而后通过前内侧入路固定冠突骨折并修补内侧副韧带损伤;术后采用铰链式外固定支具辅助固定。术后分别采用Mayo肘关节评分（Mayo elbow performence score, MEPS）和Broberg-Morrey分级评估患者肘关节功能及创伤性关节炎程度。结果 21例患者均获得随访,随访时间24~48个月,平均32个月。末次随访时,患者肘关节屈伸及前臂旋转平均活动度分别为126°（范围,115°~135°）和139°（范围,125°~145°）;MEPS评分为85~100分,平均95分,其中19例评定为优,2例为良,优良率为100%,无一例发生肘关节复发不稳定。术后1周,1例发生伤口浅表感染,经清创及静脉使用抗生素治疗后愈合;术后3个月,发生异位骨化症2例,桡骨头骨折骨不连1例,尺神经麻痹1例,均未行手术处理。结论 采用外侧入路联合前内侧入路治肘关节“恐怖三联征”具有一期同时重建骨结构和恢复软组织稳定性的优势,术后患者能早期进行功能锻炼,利于肘关节功能恢复。     

冠突前内侧面骨折与外侧副韧带损伤的治疗

目的探讨冠突前内侧骨折后,外侧副韧带是否需要全部修复。 方法选自2012年7月至2016年7月天津医院共收治的19例冠突前内侧骨折患者,排除1例合并桡骨远端骨折患者,1例既往关节炎患者。术前行影像学检查,包括肘关节正侧位X线片、CT检查,以明确损伤类型。根据O’Driscoll分型2-1型4例,2-2型9例,2-3型4例。所有患者均采用肘关节内侧入路（尺侧腕屈肌入路）,固定冠突骨折后,给予内翻应力试验,如为阳性,修复外侧副韧带;如为阴性,不修复。采用Mayo肘关节功能评分（mayo elbow performance score,MEPS）、上肢功能障碍评分（disability of arm shoulder and hand,DASH）、视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale/score,VAS）对肘关节功能进行评价。 结果冠突骨折固定后,内翻试验阳性患者13例,给予外侧副韧带修补术,阴性患者4例,未给予外侧副韧带修补。所有患者均获得满意的肘关节评分,MEPS平均97.6分,DASH平均4.13分,VAS平均0.4分;关节炎Broberg-Morrey标准I度5例。 结论在冠突前内侧骨折的治疗中,冠突固定后的内翻试验对于判断肘关节稳定性至关重要,外侧副韧带修复与否取决于内翻应力试验。     

Loss of alignment after surgical treatment of posterior Monteggia fractures: salvage with dorsal contoured plating

PURPOSE: To review the results of internal fixation with a dorsal contoured plate in patients with malalignment after internal fixation of a posterior Monteggia fracture. METHODS: Seventeen patients with malalignment after surgical treatment of a posterior Monteggia fracture were treated with realignment of the ulna and fixation with a contoured dorsal plate. Fifteen patients had loose fixation and 12 patients had subluxation or dislocation of the ulnohumeral joint. Sixteen patients had fracture of the radial head and 9 patients had fracture of the coronoid process. Nine patients had ancillary procedures on the radial head, 4 had ancillary procedures on the coronoid, 5 had hinged external fixation, and one had fascial arthroplasty. Seven patients had another surgery before the final evaluation related to a complication in 6 patients and a to subsequent injury in 1 patient. RESULTS: At the final evaluation at an average of 59 months the fracture was healed and the ulnohumeral joint was reduced concentrically in all 17 patients. The average arc of elbow flexion was 108 degrees and the average arc of forearm rotation was 134 degrees. The average American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Elbow Evaluation Score was 88. According to the system of Broberg and Morrey, the final result was rated excellent for 5 patients, good for 9, fair for 2, and poor for 1. One patient had fascial arthroplasty as part of the index procedure and 9 patients had radiographic signs of ulnohumeral arthrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Malalignment after surgical treatment of posterior Monteggia fractures often is associated with unstable fixation. Dorsal contoured plating of the ulna in combination with other procedures can help salvage a malaligned posterior Monteggia fracture with satisfactory function restored in the majority of patients.     

Functional outcome following treatment of transolecranon fracture-dislocation of the elbow

Elbow fracture-dislocations are considered as difficult injuries to treat. Anterior olecranon fracture-dislocation consist an uncommon pattern which is likely to be under-diagnosed. Eight patients identified as anterior fracture-dislocation of the elbow were retrospectively reviewed. There were seven men and one woman with an average age of 35 years (range, 22-58 years). Proximal ulna fracture was comminuted in seven and simple oblique in one patient. Associated fractures were of coronoid in four and radial head in two. Reconstruction plate was used in seven patients and tension band wiring in just one. Nevertheless, tension wiring failed and was successfully revised to plate fixation combined with bone graft. Patients were followed for an average of 37.4 months (range, 10-50 months). The end results were two excellent, five good and one fair, based on Broberg and Morrey scale. An average score of 89 points was obtained using American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons elbow scoring system. Treatment of anterior olecranon fracture dislocation is mostly satisfactory if contour and dimension of greater sigmoid notch is accurately restored.