pH依赖型愈肠宁结肠靶向片的制备及体内外释放评价

目的制备用于治疗溃疡性结肠炎的pH依赖型愈肠宁结肠靶向片(pH-dependen t Y uchangn ing T ab let forco lon-spec ific de livery,PYTCSD),并对其体内外释放性能进行评价,探讨制备中药结肠靶向制剂的可行性。方法以苦参碱和氧化苦参碱体外释放度为指标,对制剂的包衣处方进行筛选;采用体外释放度测定法考察该制剂的体外释放性能;采用硫酸钡造影技术对该制剂在人体内的释放性能进行评价。结果拟订了PYTCSD的制备方法:将药物制备得片芯后,以质量浓度3.70%(g/mL)丙烯酸树脂Ⅲ(Eudrag itⅢ)、0.37%(g/mL)邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、0.93%(g/mL)滑石粉的乙醇混悬溶液为包衣液,包衣使片芯增重8%,即得;体外释放度测定结果表明,在人工胃液2 h时溶出液中未检测到苦参碱和氧化苦参碱,在人工小肠液4 h时两指标累积溶出率均<10%,而在人工结肠液1 h时苦参碱和氧化苦参碱分别累积溶出86.5%和86.8%;体内释放度试验结果表明,PYTCSD在8名志愿者体内均能完整到达回盲部或升结肠,并在上述部位崩解释放出药物。结论制备得pH依赖型愈肠宁结肠靶向片能达到较好结肠定位释药的目的。     

阿司匹林包衣脉冲片剂的研究

目的：以阿司匹林为非水溶性模型药物研制脉冲片剂并同时考察用包衣的方法制备脉冲给药系统的可行性。方法：筛选出适当的片芯处方,以乙基纤维素和丙烯酸树脂Ｌ－（Ｓ）的 民要用流转包衣法,制备阿司匹林脉冲片剂。通过体外释放度实验,考察片芯和衣层对片剂脉冲释放的。结果：处芯处方、包衣处方、包衣层厚度对阿司匹林的脉冲秋匀有影响。结论：通过选择片芯中的崩解剂、调整包衣层组成和厚度,可以用包衣的方法得到不同时间脉烃     

溶蚀分散型盐酸地尔硫卓艹脉冲控释片的体内外研究

目的：以盐酸地尔硫为模型药物研制溶蚀分散型脉冲控释片并考察其体内外脉冲释药特性。方法：以巴西棕榈蜡、蜂蜡和亲水性纤维素为主要包衣材料,采用干包衣法制备脉冲控释片;通过释放度实验考察处方及工艺因素对脉冲控释片体外释放的影响规律;通过溶蚀实验考察脉冲释药的机制;以高效液相色谱法测定4名受试者的体内血药浓度,研究脉冲控释片的体内药物动力学。结果：该制剂在体外延迟释放时间 t 10为2.1 h,释放至最大的时间 t rm为4.0 h,脉冲释放时间 t 10-90为1.7 h;其体内的延迟释放时间 t lag为5.7 h,达峰时间 t max为8.5 h,从开始释放到达峰的时间 t psi为2.6 h。结论：溶蚀分散型盐酸地尔硫脉冲控释片在体外和体内都具有脉冲释放特性。     

pH依赖-时滞型肠康宁结肠靶向片体内外评价研究

目的：对pH依赖-时滞型肠康宁结肠靶向片体内外释放性能进行评价,探讨制备中药结肠靶向制剂的可行性。方法：以盐酸小檗碱为指标,采用体外释放度测定法和硫酸钡造影技术对该制剂的体内外释放性能进行评价。结果：体外释放度试验表明,盐酸小糪碱在人工胃液2 h后未见释放,在人工小肠液4 h后累积释放百分率小于14%,在人工结肠液4h后大于90%;体内试验表明,在4名志愿者体内均能完整到达回盲部或升结肠,并在上述部位崩解释放药物。结论：该制剂能在结肠定位释药。     

三七总皂苷控释制剂的制备及其释药特性研究

目的制备三七总皂苷(PNS)脉冲控释片与胃漂浮控释片,并对其体外释药特性进行研究。方法以人参皂苷Rg1为指标性成分,采用HPLC法测定PNS控释制剂体外释放度,考察释药特性并进行释放机制的研究。结果PNS胃漂浮片具有良好的漂浮性能,片剂的平均累积释放百分率F(t)与时间t呈现良好的的线性关系(r=0.9846),其体外释药符合零级释放过程,并按Higuichi方程能很好地描述漂浮片的体外释放曲线,符合骨架型制剂的释药特点;PNS脉冲控释片在4h内其释放率小于10%,5h释放约50%,6.5h释放量可达90%,基本达到了脉冲定时释药的目的。结论 PNS胃漂浮片无明显突释现象,释药速率平稳,控释效果较好。PNS脉冲控释片能实现定时脉冲释药,并可通过调整制剂处方实现不同时滞的控释效果,达到了设计要求。     

阿司匹林包衣脉冲片剂的研究

以阿司匹林为非水溶性模型药物研制脉冲片剂并同时考察用包衣的方法制备脉冲给药系统的可行性。方法 :筛选出适当的片芯处方 ,以乙基纤维素和丙烯酸树脂L(S)的乙醇溶液包衣 ,采用滚转包衣法 ,制备阿司匹林脉冲片剂。通过体外释放度实验 ,考察片芯和衣层对片剂脉冲释放的影响。结果 :片芯处方、包衣处方、包衣层厚度对阿司匹林的脉冲释放均有影响。结论 :通过选择片芯中的崩解剂、调整包衣层组成和厚度 ,可以用包衣的方法得到不同时间脉冲释药的阿司匹林片剂。     

维拉帕米脉冲控释片的设计和制备

目的：针对高血压、心绞痛常在凌晨发作的特点,研制夜间服药、凌晨释放的维拉帕米(VR)脉冲控释片。方法：全面考察影响药物释放滞后时间的因素。选用3种强崩解剂的不同用量,考察片芯崩解剂对时滞的影响。通过均匀设计实验考察外层包衣的组成和片剂的硬度,多元回归筛选最优处方,并考察不同溶出条件对控释效果的影响。结果：片芯所用的3种崩解剂以羧甲基淀粉钠的崩解性能较好,用量设计在25％左右。外层包衣处方中PEG 6000增加,氢化蓖麻油(HCO)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)用量减少,硬度减小,释放滞后时间减少。由此确定释放滞后时间为3和5h的两个基本处方。结论：VR压制包衣片在体外溶出实验中能实现脉冲释药,并能通过调节辅料用量实现不同控释效果。     

星点设计-效应面法优化盐酸青藤碱脉冲片处方的研究

目的 采用星点设计-效应面法优化盐酸青藤碱脉冲片处方。方法 采用干法压制包衣法制备盐酸青藤碱脉冲片,以片芯中羧甲淀粉钠的用量、包衣处方中凝胶材料比例(羟丙甲纤维素∶卡拉胶)和凝胶材料用量为考察因素,以释药时滞为考察指标,采用星点设计安排实验,并对指标与因素进行多元线性和二项式数学拟合,通过效应面法预测最佳处方,并对其进行验证。结果 指标与因素之间可采用二项式拟合,相关系数为0.993 7;采用优化条件制备的3种处方的脉冲片均经一定时滞(6 h左右)后药物呈脉冲释放,释药时滞实测值与预测值偏差均在±4.43%以内。结论 盐酸青藤碱脉冲片具有体外定时脉冲释药特性,星点设计-效应面优化法可用于本制剂的处方优化,所建立的数学模型预测性良好。     

淫羊藿总黄酮微孔渗透泵控释片的制备及体外释药因素的考察

目的：制备淫羊藿总黄酮微孔渗透泵控释片,并通过考察片芯和包衣膜对药物释放行为的影响来筛选处方。方法：单因素考察影响释药的因素,以不同时间药物累积释放度描述药物的释放行为,采用相似因子f2法评价释放曲线的相似性,并考察其拟合度。结果：片芯组成和包衣膜组成及衣膜增重率对制得的淫羊藿总黄酮微孔渗透泵片的体外释药行为有显著影响。结论：制备的淫羊藿总黄酮渗透泵制剂释药完全,零级释放特征显著。     

聚电解质逐层组装的微凝胶脉冲制剂的体内外释放研究

目的制备聚电解质逐层组装的壳聚糖海藻酸钠微凝胶,考察体外释放规律,观察体内释放过程。方法使用高压静电成囊机制备海藻酸钠壳聚糖微凝胶核心,通过静电吸附原理将聚电解质逐层包裹在微凝胶表面形成包衣层;考察不同物料比例、包衣层数对体外释药性能的影响;小鼠皮下注射制剂后,制备组织切片观察体内释放过程。结果海藻酸钠浓度、氯化钙浓度、聚电解质包衣层数影响脉冲释放时滞以及时滞后释放速度。结论聚电解质逐层组装的微凝胶脉冲制剂,体外释药性能可灵活调控,体内释药可见,并且制剂安全,生物相容性好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.