Incidence and risk factors of cognitive impairment 3 months after first-ever stroke: A cross-sectional study of 5 geographic areas of China

This study examined the incidence, neuropsychological characteristics and risk factors of cognitive impairment 3 months after stroke in China. Five regions that differed in geography and economy in China were selected. Patients from the hospitals located in the five regions were prescreened at admission, and the demographic data, vascular risk factors and clinical characteristics of stroke were obtained. A battery of cognitive-specific domain tests was performed in the patients who failed to pass cognitive screening 3 months post stroke. Patients were diagnosed as having post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) or no cognitive impairment (NCI) based on the results of the neuropsy-chological tests. Univariate analysis was performed for suspect risk factors, and significant variables were entered in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Our results showed that a total of 633 patients were recruited 3 months after stroke; complete cognitive tests were performed in 577 of the stroke pa-tients. The incidence of PSCI in these Chinese patients was 30.7%. There were 129 (22.4%) patients with visuospatial impairment, 67 (11.6%) with executive impairment, 60 (10.4%) with memory impairment and 18 (3.1%) with attention impairment. The risk factors associated with PSCI were older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.58), low education level (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.65-3.64), depressive symptom (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.09-2.61), obesity (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.41-4.71), stroke severity 3 months post stroke (OR 1.62, 95%CI 1.10-2.37) and cortex lesion (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.04-2.31). It was concluded that PSCI occurs commonly 3 months after first-ever stroke in Chinese patients. Visuospatial ability may be the most frequently impaired cognitive domain for the patients with stroke. The critical risk factors of PSCI are older age, low education level, depressive symptom, obesity, stroke severity 3 months post stroke and cortex lesion.     

Cognitive Training in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment

ObjectiveWe investigated the feasibility and efficacy of cognitive training for older adults in rural settings and with low education levels, who have mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
MethodsForty-five older adults (ages >65 years) with MCI were assigned to treatment or control groups, at a 2:1 ratio. Cognitivetraining occurred in the treatment group for 2 months. The cognitive abilities of the participants were assessed at pre-training, metaphase, and post-training time points, using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D).
ResultsFollowing training, cognitive abilities improved in the treatment group, based on the total scores of all 4 measures, as well as specifically on the MoCA and LOTCA. There were differences in the main effects of group and time point on some subscales, but these differences had little, if any, effect on the overall analyses.
ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that cognitive training has beneficial effects on attention, language, orientation, visual perception, organization of visual movement, and logical questioning in patients with MCI. Furthermore, the observed effects are long-term changes.     

Brain glucose metabolism and neuropsychological test in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Objective To investigate the features of regional cerebral metabolic rate of glucose （rCMRglc） in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) by positron emission-tomography and its relationship with neuropsychological test.Methods Positron emission tomography, mini-mental state examination and Wechsler memory scale were applied in 10 patients with MCI and 10 healthy volunteers as the control group. Results Scores of mini-mental state examination and Wechsler memory scale in MCI patients were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01). rCMRglc of the left orbital gyrus, right middle temporal gyrus and right putamen was lower in the MCI group than in the control group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis in the MCI group indicated that rCMRglc of many brain regions such as the orbital gyrus, putamen, left hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, cingulate gyrus, left amygdaloid body, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and medial occipitotemporal gyrus in MCI patients, were correlated negatively with age; while the rCMRglc of many parts of the brain such as the left putamen, temporal lobe, anterior cingulate gyrus, left insular lobe, amygdaloid body, precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus and medial occipitotemporal gyrus were correlated positively with mini-mental state examination; and rCMRglc of the left putamen, temporal lobe, left insular lobe, precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus were correlated positively with Wechsler memory scale. The right putamen, the right inferior temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, and left postcentral gyrus were correlated positively with the length of education. However, only rCMRglc of the left amygdaloid body were correlated positively with gender. Conclusion The rCMRglc was lower in the orbital gyrus and putamen of MCI patients. Their rCMRglc were correlated with their cognitive impairment severity, age, length of education and sex.     

Effect of modified Wuzi Yanzong Granule (加味五子衍宗颗粒) on patients with mild cognitive impairment from oxidative damage aspect

Objective:To observe the effects of modified Wuzi Yanzong Granule(加味五子衍宗颗粒,WYG)on memory function and the activity of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA)levels,leukocyte mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA)deletion rate andβ-amyloid protein_(1-28)(Aβ_(1-28))in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI).Methods:Thirty-six patients with MCI were selected based on the internationally recognized Petersen's criteria,and equally and randomly assigned to two groups.The treated group was treated with WYG and the control group was treated with placebo for 3 months.In addition,20 healthy subjects were included in the study as the normal control group.Changes of memory function,SOD activity,MDA content,leukocyte mtDNA deletion rate and Aβ_(1-28)content were observed before and after treatment.Results: Compared with the normal control group,the memory quotient and SOD activity in patients with MCI decreased significantly(P<0.01),while MDA,Aβ_(1-28)levels and the leukocyte mtDNA deletion rate increased significantly(P<0.01).After treatment,levels of memory quotient and serum SOD activity increased while the serum MDA level,leukocyte mtDNA deletion rate and Aβ_(1-28)level decreased in the treated group compared with those before treatment(P<0.01,P<0.05).Meanwhile,leukocyte mtDNA deletion rate and Aβ_(1-28)content in the treated group were all lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:WYG could improve memory function in patients with MCI and the therapeutic mechanism is possibly related to the increased activity of anti-oxidase,the improved free radical metabolism and the alleviation of leukocyte mtDNA oxidation damage.WYG shows clinical significance in delaying the progression of MCI.     

剑桥神经心理自动化成套测试在偏执型精神分裂症与双相躁狂患者中的应用

Objective To detect the patterns of cognitive impairment between patients with paranoid schizophrenia and patients with bipolar mania by using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) ,and to explore research clues for finding of cognitive endophenotype in patients with paranoid schizophrenia or bipolar mania. Methods Six CANTAB subtests and the seven subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WAIS short form) were administered to 35 patients with paranoid schizophrenia and 33 patients with bipolar mania who were drug naive experiencing an acute episode, as well as 30 healthy controls. Results Patients with paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar mania demonstrated impairments in 13 of the 15 cognitive indicators in CANTAB. After controlling IQ, both patient groups remained as significantly different from normal controls in terms of search strategy(36. 8 ±3.56,37.24 ±4. 21,30. 33 ±6.24) ,between-search errors(40. 86 ± 19.97,40.24 ± 18.92,15.4 ±17.22) on the SWM test,the proportion of hits(0.54 ±0. 18,0.56 ±0.15,0.78 ± 0.17) on the RVIP test,total errors(45.26 ±36.36,46.61 ±33.32,14 ± 11.7) and EDS errors (12.43 ±9.96, 13.18 ±8.98,4.97 ±6.09)on the IED test. Between search error in the SWM test was positively correlation with YMRS scores ( r=0.38, P=0.039) in bipolar patients. Conclusion Both patient groups demonstrated a comparable profile of cognitive impairments during active periods of their condition. The cognitive impairment index may be a discreet cognitive endophenotype overlapping the disorders.     

老年轻度认知功能损害患者认知水平的随访研究

目的 随访观察老年轻度认知功能损害(MCI)患者认知水平的变化特点.方法 以2008年某军队干休所MCI患者47例及正常对照21名为研究对象,随访一年,在初次确诊以及一年后分别进行蒙特利尔认知评估表(MoCA)中文版、简易精神状态检查表(MMSE)和画钟测验(CDT)等神经心理评估.结果 随访一年后,MCI组MMSE量表总分、MoCA量表总分及视空间、延迟回忆分项得分和CDT得分与基线得分比较均有不同程度下降,其中MoCA量表总分及延迟回忆分项得分随访后与基线间差异有统计学意义(P=0.041,P=0.003);正常对照组MoCA量表总分、定向力、视空间、延迟回忆分项得分以及CDT得分也有不同程度下降,但差异无统计学意义.结论 延迟回忆受损是老年MCI患者认知水平变化的早期特征性表现.

Abstract：

Objective To observe and assess the cognitive changes of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly. Methods A cohort study design was conducted among 47 patients with MCI and 21 control selected from the same convalescent camp, Montreal cognitive assessment ( MoCA ), mini mental state examination (MMSE)and clock drawing test (CDT) were performed to all subjects at the onset of study and 12 months later. Results The score of MMSE, CDT, MoCA and its subitems including visuospatial skill and delayed recall of MCI group were lower than the baseline afer12 months, with significantly decline in the score of MoCA( P= 0. 041 )and delay recall (P = 0. 003 ). There was no obvious difference in the score of control between the baseline and that afer12 months. Conclusion The decline of delayed recall occurred early and significantly, which may be a predictor in the conversion of mild cognitive impairment to dementia.     

Abnormal intrinsic brain activity in amnestic mild cognitive impairment revealed by amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

Background Previous studies have shown that brain functional activity in the resting state is impaired in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. However, alterations in intrinsic brain activity patterns in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients are poorly understood. This study aimed to explore the differences in regional intrinsic activities throughout the whole brain between aMCI patients and controls.

Methods In the present study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed on 18 amnestic MCI (aMCI) patients, 18 mild AD patients and 20 healthy elderly subjects. And amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) method was used.

Results Compared with healthy elderly subjects, aMCI patients showed decreased ALFF in the right hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex, left lateral temporal cortex, and right ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) and increased ALFF in the left temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Mild AD patients showed decreased ALFF in the left TPJ, posterior IPL (pIPL), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex compared with aMCI patients. Mild AD patients also had decreased ALFF in the right posterior cingulate cortex, right vMPFC and bilateral dorsal MPFC (dMPFC) compared with healthy elderly subjects.

Conclusions Decreased intrinsic activities in brain regions closely related to episodic memory were found in aMCI and AD patients. Increased TPJ and IPL activity may indicate compensatory mechanisms for loss of memory function in aMCI patients. These findings suggest that the fMRI based on ALFF analysis may provide a useful tool in the study of aMCI patients.

     

2型糖尿病视网膜病变患者血浆同型半胱氨酸变化及与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)对2型糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)发生、发展的影响,及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系.方法 检测144例2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者及50例同期健康体检者血浆总Hcy(tHcy)浓度及空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、血脂等,计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR).对上述临床资料进行回顾性研究.结果 视网膜病变组(DR组)血浆tHey水平高于非视网膜病变组(NDR)组及对照组(P<0.01);增殖型视网膜病变组(PDR组)tHey水平高于背景型视网膜病变组(BDR组)(P<0.05);多元线性逐步回归分析显示:FBG、HbA1C、HOMA-IR均为有显著意义的tHcy决定因素.结论 血浆tHcy水平升高是糖尿病视网膜病变发生、发展的一个重要的危险因子,与胰岛素抵抗相关.     

Relationship between insulinase activity of erythrocytes and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract Objective:To investigate the relationship between insulinase activity of erythrocytes(EIA) and insulin resistance in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods:EIA was determined with the method of radioassay of enzyme activity in 65 healthy subjects,and 109 patients with type 2diabetes melltius diveded into 3 subgroups according to their therapy and plasma gulcose control,Fasting plasma insulin(FINS) and other related indices were also measured in all the subjects.Moreover,insulin sensitive index(ISI)was calculated for estimation of insulin sensitivity.Results:EIA and FINS are increased in two subgroups of diabetic patients on hypoglycemics(Subgroup A and subgroup B),and especially higher in the poor controlled subgroup of patients(subgroup A),EIA and FINS are normal in subgroup of patients without medication(Subgroup C).Moreover,ISI is derverrased in all the subgroups of patients as compared with normal subjects.Correlation analysis show that EIA is inversely correlated with ISI in all subgroups of patients and normal subjects,and positively correlated with FINS in normal subjects.Conclusions:The rate of insulin degradation in erythrocytes is increased in patients with type 2 diabets,and increased insulin degradation may result in their insulin-resistant state.Moreover,EIA may be used as one of the indices for estimation of insulin sensityvity.     

血浆同型半胱氨酸水平与脑梗死后轻度认知功能障碍的相关性研究

目的：探讨脑梗死（CI）后轻度认知功能障碍（MCI）与空腹血浆同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）水平的关系,并分析影响认知功能障碍和血浆Hcy水平的相关因素。方法收集重庆市巴南区人民医院2011年1月至2012年12月门诊及住院的脑梗死后MCI患者76例（MCI组）,同期收集单纯脑梗死患者45例（CI组）,并设健康对照35例（对照组）。检测入选对象的Hcy水平、C-反应蛋白（CRP）、血糖、血脂、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、叶酸（FA）、维生素B12（VitB12）、血肌酐（Scr）、血尿酸（UA）等指标。结果 FA、VitB12、UA均为Hcy影响因素（OR值分别为0.74、0.86、0.53,P〈0.05）。MCI组患者的血浆Hcy水平为（17.65±5.6）μmol/L,明显高于CI组的（10.75±3.5）μmol/L和对照组的（6.23±1.1）μmol/L,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;血浆Hcy水平对预测脑卒中患者是否发生MCI有一定的价值（ROC曲线下面积为0.825,95%CI为0.758～0.893,P〈0.01）;Logistic回归分析显示,SBP、血浆CRP、UA、LDL-C、FA、VitB12、Hcy均是老年脑梗死后MCI的影响因素（OR值分别为：1.65、1.25、1.11、1.40、0.84、0.98、3.58,P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论老年脑梗死后MCI形成有多种影响因素,其中血浆同型半胱氨酸水平可能在其中占有重要地位。     

2型糖尿病患者糖脂代谢、胰岛素降解酶活性情况及其与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的 探讨2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的糖脂代谢及胰岛素降解酶(IDE)活性及其与胰岛素抵抗(IR)的关系.方法 对150例T2DM患者(糖尿病组)及150例健康体验者(对照组)进行问卷调查、体格检查,并检测糖脂代谢指标和IDE活性,同时计算IR指数(HOMA-IR).比较两组糖脂代谢指标及IDE活性,并分析糖脂代谢指标及IDE活性与HOMA-IR的相关性.结果 糖尿病组患者体质指数(BMI)、DBP、TG、TC、LDL-C、FBG、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、HOMA-IR和IDE活性均高于对照组(P<0.05),HDL-C水平低于对照组(P<0.05).相关分析结果显示,HOMA-IR与BMI、TG、TC、LDL-C、FBG、2hPG、FINS、IDE活性呈正相关,与HDL-C呈负相关(P均<0.05);多元线性逐步回归结果显示,IDE活性、TG、LDL-C是影响HOMA-IR升高的独立危险因素(P<0.05).结论 T2DM患者存在明显糖脂代谢紊乱,且IDE活性升高.IDE活性升高是T2DM患者发生胰岛素抵抗的危险因素之一.     

短期胰岛素泵治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的观察短期应用胰岛素泵治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者血糖、胰岛β细胞功能和胰岛素敏感性的影响。方法用胰岛素泵对72例初诊2型糖尿病患者进行2周的持续皮下胰岛素输注（CSII）,观察并记录治疗前后空腹血糖（FPG）及餐后2h血糖（2hPG）、糖化血红蛋白Alc（HbAlc）、空腹胰岛素（FINS）、餐后2h胰岛素（2hINS）、胰岛素分泌指数（HOMA—β）、早期胰岛素分泌指数胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA—IR）。计算胰岛素及葡萄糖曲线下面积（AUCI,AUCG）。结果CSII治疗能快速稳定控制血糖,治疗2周后FINS及HOMA—β明显上升,HOMA—IR明显下降（P〈0．01）。结论短期CSII治疗对2型糖尿病有快速稳定血糖、改善胰岛β细胞功能和降低胰岛素抵抗的作用。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗与代谢紊乱的临床观察

目的观察妊娠期糖尿病患者胰岛素抵抗的现象。方法40例妊娠期糖尿病（gestational diabetes melli-tus,GDM）患者、34例糖耐量试验正常的孕妇作对照组,测定空腹血糖（fasting serum glucose,FPG）、胰岛素（fasting in-sulin,FINS）、血脂,口服糖耐量试验（oral glucose tolerance test,OGTT）2h血糖（2hPG）、2h胰岛素（2hINS）。同时稳态模型（HOMA）计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）。结果①与对照组相比：GDM组FPG、2hPG、FINS、2hINS、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）、低密度脂蛋白（low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C）明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义;②GDM患者胰岛素抵抗指数明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论GDM患者存在明显的胰岛素抵抗及糖脂代谢紊乱。     

2型糖尿病合并腔隙性脑梗死患者血清高迁移率族蛋白B1水平及其相关因素分析

目的 探讨2型糖尿病合并腔隙性脑梗死患者血清高迁移率族蛋白B1水平及其相关因素。 方法 2型糖尿病患者280例作为糖尿病组,2型糖尿病合并腔隙性脑梗死患者280例作为糖尿病+脑梗死组,健康体检者280例作为对照组。测定患者血清高迁移率族蛋白B1水平和空腹血糖(FBG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。 结果 糖尿病组和糖尿病+脑梗死组血清高迁移率族蛋白B1水平高于对照组(P<0.05),且糖尿病组+脑梗死组高于糖尿病组(P<0.05)。糖尿病组和糖尿病+脑梗死组FBG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、TC、LDL-C高于对照组且糖尿病+脑梗死组高于糖尿病组,糖尿病组和糖尿病+脑梗死组HDL-C低于对照组,且糖尿病组+脑梗死组低于糖尿病组(P<0.05)。糖尿病+脑梗死患者血清高迁移率族蛋白B1水平与FBG、HbA1c、FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、TC、LDL-C水平呈正相关(P<0.05),与HDL-C呈负相关(P<0.05)。FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C是血清高迁移率族蛋白B1的影响因素(P<0.05)。 结论 2型糖尿病合并腔隙性脑梗死患者血清高迁移率族蛋白B1水平升高,其水平受FINS、HOMA-IR、TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C影响。      

短期胰岛素泵强化治疗对初诊2型糖尿病患者血清超敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的: 观察初诊2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者短期胰岛素泵(CSII)强化治疗前后血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的水平,并探讨其变化的影响因素。方法: 选取研究对象190例,其中健康对照组70例,初诊T2DM患者120例。T2DM组接受CSII强化治疗2周,比较CSII治疗前后血糖、血脂、胰岛素、稳态模型胰岛β细胞功能指数(HOMA-β)、稳态模型胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、hs-CRP等指标。结果： ①初诊T2DM组血清hs-CRP水平2.76(0.81～6.33) mg/L明显高于健康对照组0.48(0.18~0.98) mg/L,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。②CSII强化治疗2周后,T2DM组空腹血糖、口服葡萄糖耐量试验（OGTT）2 h血糖(2hPG)、HOMA-IR、hs-CRP水平显著下降,空腹胰岛素(FINS)、HOMA-β明显升高(P<0.01)。③简单相关分析显示治疗前后血清hs-CRP差值(Δhs-CRP)与收缩压差值(ΔSBP)、空腹血糖差值(ΔFPG)、空腹胰岛素差值(ΔFINS)、总胆固醇差值(ΔTC)、低密度脂蛋白差值(ΔLDL-C)、ΔHOMA-IR、ΔHOMA-β呈正相关(r分别为0.287、0.324、0.236、0.257、0.366、0.230、0.201,P均<0.05)。④以Δhs-CRP为因变量,以ΔSBP、ΔFPG、ΔFINS、ΔTC、ΔLDL-C、ΔHOMA-IR、ΔHOMA-β为自变量进行多元逐步回归分析,有ΔFPG(β=0.214,P<0.05)、ΔLDL-C(β=0.263,P<0.05)、ΔFINS(β=0.376,P<0.01)、ΔHOMA-β(β=0.352,P<0.01)、ΔHOMA-IR(β=0.279,P<0.05)进入方程(R2=0.363,P<0.05)。结论： 初诊T2DM患者经短期CSII强化治疗后血清hs-CRP水平明显下降,ΔFPG、ΔLDL-C、ΔFINS、ΔHOMA-β、ΔHOMA-IR是影响Δhs CRP的独立相关因素。     

全腹腔镜胃转流术治疗肥胖型和非肥胖型2型糖尿病的疗效分析

目的:研究胃转流术(GBP)治疗肥胖型和非肥胖型2型糖尿病的疗效及其疗效差异。方法:回顾分析我院2010年采用GBP治疗的肥胖型和非肥胖型2型糖尿病患者各34例的临床资料,包括术前与术后的空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2 h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、空腹胰岛素(Fins)和胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)的变化情况和疗效评定,并比较其疗效差异。结果:68例手术均成功,两组患者术前Fins和HOMA-IR的组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),肥胖型组均较高,其余各项指标的组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后6个月,两组患者除Fins的变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),各指标均有不同程度的下降,与术前相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者术后的组间差异与术前相同,两组手术有效率均大于94%,治愈率均大于85%。结论:GBP对肥胖型与非肥胖型T2DM均有显著疗效,其治疗机制与摄食减少导致低热量和体重减轻无关。     

降糖通络汤对2型糖尿病患者血糖波动的影响

目的:观察降糖通络汤对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes,T2DM)患者血糖波动的影响。方法:将90例T2 DM患者采用随机数字法分为对照组和观察组各45例。对照组采用阿卡波糖片及重组甘精胰岛素注射液以控制血糖。观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用降糖通络汤,1剂·d-1。两组疗程均为12周。采用动态血糖监测系统监测血糖水平的标准差(standard deviation,SDBG)、日内平均血糖波动幅度(mean amplitude of glycemic excursions,MAGE)、日内血糖极差(Largest amplitude of glycemic excursions,LAGE)、日间血糖平均绝对差(absolute means of daily differences,MODD)及餐后血糖波动均值(mean of postprandial glucose excursion,MPPGE),检测空腹血糖(Fasting blood-glucose,FBG)、餐后2小时血糖(postprandial blood glucose 2 hour,2h PBG)、糖化血红蛋白(glycosylated hemoglobin,Hb Alc)及空腹胰岛素(fasting insulin,FINS),并计算胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis model assessment,HOMA-IR)、胰岛β细胞分泌功能指数(homa beta cell function index,HOMA-β)和胰岛素敏感指数(Insulin sensitive index,ISI),治疗前后各评价1次。结果:观察组治疗后SDBG、MAGE、LAGE、MODD及MPPGE水平分别为(1.07±0.53)mmol·L-1、(1.13±0.47)mmol·L-1、(4.69±0.75)mmol·L-1、(1.51±0.23)mmol·L-1及(3.05±0.63)mmol·L-1,均显著低于对照组的(1.62±0.55)mmol·L-1、(2.15±0.43)mmol·L-1、(5.53±0.81)mmol·L-1、(1.83±0.21)mmol·L-1及(3.87±0.75)mmol·L-1(P0.01);治疗后观察组2h PG、Hb A1c及FINS水平分别为(8.59±1.28)mmol·L-1、(6.83±0.76)%及(7.06±0.88)m U·L-1,均显著低于对照组的(9.16±1.77)mmol·L-1、(7.68±0.79)%及(9.75±0.93)m U·L-1(P0.05或P0.01);治疗后两组HOMA-IR水平下降,治疗后观察组HOMA-IR水平为(1.67±0.45)低于对照组的(2.18±0.53)(P0.01);治疗后两组HOMA-β和ISI较治疗前上升(P0.01),观察组HOMA-β和ISI水平为(67.5±7.17)和(-2.75±0.31),均高于对照组的(60.6±6.93)和(-3.31±0.24)(P0.01)。结论:降糖通络汤能降低T2DM患者2h PG和Hb A1c水平,调节日内血糖波动、稳定血糖,其作用机制可能是通过改善β细胞分泌功能,从而提高机体胰岛素敏感性。     

老年男性2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清睾酮和脂联素水平变化的临床研究

目的 探讨老年男性2型糖尿病合并冠心病患者血清脂联素和睾酮水平的变化及临床意义.方法 2014年11月至2015年9月在青海省人民医院糖尿病科及心内科住院的60岁以上的男性2型糖尿病患者78例,其中单纯2型糖尿病(T2DM组)40例,2型糖尿病合并冠心病(CHD组)38例;对照组为同期常规体检的60岁以上的健康男性44例.检测患者血糖、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)、血脂、血清脂联素(APN)、血清睾酮(T)、血清胰岛素水平,按稳态模式评估法计算胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),比较3组各指标的差异,分析APN与各指标的相关性.结果 与对照组相比较,T2DM组、CHD组的APN、T水平明显降低,且以CHD组下降最为明显(P＜0.05);FPG、FINS、TG、LDL-L水平及HOMA-IR均明显升高,CHD组升高最为明显(P＜0.05).血清APN分别与TG(r=-0.363)、LDL-C(r=-0.417)、HOMA-IR(r=-0.602)呈负相关,与HDL-C(r=0.485)、T(r=0.624)呈正相关;而血清T分别与LDL-C(r=-0.457)、HOMA-IR(r=-0.643)呈负相关,与HDL-C(r=0.478)呈正相关.结论 APN、T可能参与了2型糖尿病冠状动脉粥样硬化的发生和发展.     

2型糖尿病合并非酒精性脂肪肝影响因素探讨

目的：探讨2型糖尿病（T2DM）合并非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）的影响因素.方法：收集T2DM患者175例,根据有无合并NAFLD分为合并NAFLD组（A组）及不合并NAFLD组（B组）.分别测定患者身高、体重、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、糖化血红蛋白（HbAlc）、空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2h血糖（PBG2H）、血清铁蛋白（SF）及空腹胰岛素（FINS）,并根据身高、体重计算体质指数（BMI）,根据空腹血糖及空腹胰岛素计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR）.结果：A组TG、LDL-C、SF、FINS、HOMA-IR均较B组升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.以是否合并NAFLD为因变量,以TG、LDL-C、SF、FINS、HOMA-IR为自变量,行二分类逐步Logistic回归分析.进入回归方程的自变量为FINS、TG、OR分别为1.039,1.75.结论：T2DM合并NAFLD患者高胰岛素血症及胰岛素抵抗更明显.T2DM合并NAFLD患者TG、LDL-C、SF水平较不合并NAFLD患者升高.FINS、TG水平的升高可能增加T2DM合并NAFLD的患病风险.