急性肺损伤大鼠模型评价

目的：建立脂多糖（LPS）和海水淹溺（SW）两种诱因所致急性肺损伤大鼠模型,在造模后不同时间点观察肺组织的病理改变,检测血清及支气管肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子浓度、支气管肺泡灌洗液中总蛋白浓度以及肺组织湿重/干重比。方法：将28只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组（Control组）4只、脂多糖组（LPS组）12只和海水淹溺组（SW组）12只,大鼠气管内分别注入LPS溶液和海水建立急性肺损伤模型。造模后6 h、12 h、24 h LPS组和SW组各取4只大鼠,麻醉后取静脉血、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）及肺组织,Control组4只大鼠一次性进行相同实验。采用ELISA法测定血清及BALF中IL-1、IL-6、TNF-α浓度,BALF中总蛋白含量。取左肺下叶计算肺湿重/干重比,左肺上叶行病理切片HE染色,观察肺组织病理学改变。结果：造模后24 h内LPS及SW组大鼠肺组织均出现中性粒细胞聚集及肺损伤病理学改变。造模后6 h、12 h、24 h LPS组和SW组血清IL-1浓度高于Control组,造模后6 h LPS组血清IL-6及TNF-α浓度高于Control组,SW组IL-6浓度高于C...     

地塞米松对致敏性哮喘小鼠肺组织CCR3和Eotaxin表达的影响

目的观察地塞米松对小鼠哮喘模型气道炎症和肺组织CC型趋化因子Eotaxin和受体CCR3表达的影响.方法建立哮喘模型,自第14天雾化吸入OVA前0.5 h,干预组分别雾化吸入咪喹莫特30 min及ip地塞米松.OVA雾化结束后24 h,每组小鼠眼球摘除采血收集血清.采用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清、支气管肺泡灌洗液及肺组织匀浆中Eotaxin水平:收集肺泡灌洗液进行细胞计数和分类;H-E染色观察肺组织炎症改变;用免疫组化方法检测肺组织Eotaxin和CCR3的表达;用Western blot方法测定肺组织CCR3表达;用逆转录-聚合酶链反应半定量检测肺组织IL-4、IFN-γ、Eotaxin、和CCR3 mRNA表达水平.结果H-E染色可见地塞米松组小鼠气道炎症程度减轻;地塞米松治疗组嗜酸性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞比哮喘组明显减少;哮喘组小鼠血清和肺组织匀浆Eotaxin水平较正常组升高,地塞米松治疗组小鼠较哮喘组下降;Eotaxin、CCR3均在气道上皮细胞表达,哮喘组小鼠气道上皮细胞Eotaxin、CCR3较正常组增加,地塞米松治疗组较哮喘组减轻;哮喘组小鼠肺组织Eotaxin CCR3和IL-4 mRNA表达较正常组增强,地塞米松治疗组小鼠肺组织Eotaxin、CCR3和IL-4 mRNA表达较哮喘组降低.结论地塞米松减轻哮喘小鼠的气道炎症与抑制哮喘小鼠肺组织Eotaxin、CCR3蛋白和mRNA的过度表达有关.     

筋骨草水煎液对急性肺炎的保护作用研究

目的:研究筋骨草水煎液对小鼠急性肺炎的保护作用及机制。方法:用LPS吸入法建立急性肺炎模型,设空白对照组、模型组、筋骨草水煎液组和地塞米松组。观察小鼠肺组织病理,测定肺指数、肺湿/干比,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测肺泡灌洗液中肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1β的含量。结果:筋骨草组与模型组比较减轻了急性肺炎小鼠肺组织病变,数据由SPSS 13.0软件分析,小鼠肺指数、肺湿干比明显降低,差异显著(P<0.05),降低肺泡灌洗液中TNF-α、IL-1β的含量,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论:筋骨草水煎液有一定的抗炎作用,可以缓解小鼠急性肺炎症状,其机制可能与降低TNF-α、IL-1β的含量有关。     

胎粪吸入幼兔外周血及支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-1β的表达

摘要 目的 探讨IL-1β在胎粪吸入性肺炎中的意义。方法将20只日龄21～30 d日本大耳白新生兔随机分为两组，一组经气管导管注入胎粪悬混液复制胎粪吸入性肺炎模型，即模型组；一组做正常对照为对照组。酶联免疫检测两组幼兔外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-1β表达水平，并对比分析。结果 模型组幼兔肺组织出现炎性损伤表现，外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-1β高于对照组（P<0.05） 。结论 IL-1β参与了胎粪吸入性肺炎的炎症反应，外周血和支气管肺泡灌洗液中IL-1β水平检测可以反映肺损伤程度。     

甘草黄酮对肺部炎症小鼠细胞因子表达和氧化反应的调节作用

目的 研究甘草黄酮对抗内毒素脂多糖 (LPS) 诱导小鼠肺部炎症的作用机制。方法 小鼠气管内滴入 LPS 或生理盐水,6 或 24 h 后取支气管肺泡灌洗液 (BALF) 和肺组织,测定 BALF 中的白细胞总数和中性粒细胞以及超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD) 活性,测定肺组织的含水量和病理变化,测定肺组织匀浆和 BALF 中的髓过氧化物酶 (MPO) 活性、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 和白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β) 的 mRNA 表达以及 TNF-α 蛋白水平。结果 白细胞计数、肺含水量测定和肺组织病理检查等指标显示,小鼠气管内滴入 LPS 引起严重的肺部炎症。甘草黄酮给药后能预防 LPS 引起的这些变化。甘草黄酮能明显减少 BALF 中的总白细胞和中性粒细胞的数目,升高 SOD 活性。甘草黄酮能明显降低肺组织中的 MPO 活性,抑制 TNF-α和 IL-1β mRNA 的表达,抑制 TNF-α蛋白水平。结论 甘草黄酮能改善 LPS 引起的小鼠肺部炎症,其抗炎作用可能与抑制细胞因子的表达和调节氧化/抗氧化反应有关。     

亚精胺通过抑制NF-κB/NLRP3炎症小体通路减轻LPS诱导的小鼠急性肺损伤

目的 ：本研究旨在观察亚精胺对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的急性肺损伤（ALI）小鼠NLRP3表达与活化的影响。方法 ：采用小动物呼吸机检测亚精胺对ALI小鼠呼吸功能的影响;检测小鼠的生存率;采用肺组织病理评分评估亚精胺对ALI小鼠肺组织形态变化的影响;ELISA检测ALI小鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中IL-1β和IL-18的蛋白水平;qPCR检测小鼠肺组织IL-1β、IL-18、NLRP3、ASC及pro-caspase-1、NF-κB的表达;Western Blots检测小鼠肺组织IκB的表达。结果 ：亚精胺可改善ALI小鼠的呼吸功能,提高生存率;减轻LPS诱导的肺病理损伤;降低ALI小鼠炎症因子IL-1β和IL-18的表达;减少ALI小鼠肺组织NLRP3、ASC、pro-caspase-1、NF-κB及IκB的表达。结论 ：亚精胺可通过抑制ALI小鼠肺组织NF-κB的激活,使NLRP3炎症小体的表达及活化减少,从而抑制炎症因子的表达,最终达到减轻ALI的作用。本研究可为从调节内源性能量代谢角度,探索ALI的发生机制提供实验基础     

油酸-内毒素序贯致伤大鼠血浆和肺泡灌洗液TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平的变化

目的探讨促炎症细胞因子:肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平的变化,在全身炎症反应和急性肺损伤中的作用.方法采用油酸加内毒素脂多糖(LPS)序贯致伤大鼠,在油酸致伤后1、4、12和24h实施小剂量LPS第2次致伤,收集血浆和肺泡灌洗液,采用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6蛋白含量.以单油酸致伤和单小剂量LPS致伤作为对照组进行比较分析.结果 TNF-α和IL-1β在油酸致伤4 h LPS第2次致伤后水平最高,IL-6的最高水平在油酸12 h加LPS致伤组;2次序贯致伤后IL-1β水平变化最大,增高最显著,血浆浓度达到(1 526±39.69)pg/ml,肺泡灌洗液内浓度为(840.4±95.29)pg/ml.结合肺组织病理学研究,肺组织损伤最严重大鼠,血浆和肺泡灌洗液TNC-α、IL-1β和IL-6水平最高.结论 TNF-α和IL-1β是早期释放的促炎症细胞因子,其中IL-1β的血浆和肺泡灌洗液中水平最高,它可能在全身炎症反应发生、发展和急性肺损伤中起非常重要的作用.肺组织损伤程度与这些促炎症细胞因子水平有密切关系.     

白藜芦醇对中性粒细胞性哮喘小鼠肺组织炎症的抑制作用及其机制

目的：探讨白芦藜醇对中性粒细胞性哮喘小鼠肺组织炎症的抑制作用,并阐明其作用机制。方法：选取18只C57BL/6J雌性小鼠,采用脂多糖（LPS）+卵白蛋白（OVA）联合致敏方法建立中性粒细胞性哮喘小鼠模型,随机分为模型组（LPS+OVA组）、白藜芦醇组（Res组,于激发前2 h灌胃30 mg·kg^-1白藜芦醇）和N-乙酰半胱氨酸组（NAC组,于激发前2 h灌胃3 mmol·kg^-1 N-乙酰半胱氨酸）;同时选取6只同周龄小鼠作为正常对照组（PBS组）。于乙酰甲胆碱雾化期间观察各组小鼠的行为学变化,采用肺功能仪分析小鼠气道高反应（AHR）,光学显微镜观察支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中细胞总数和炎症细胞,HE染色观察各组小鼠肺组织病理形态表现,酶联免疫法（ELISA）检测各组小鼠BALF上清中白细胞介素17（IL-17）水平,特异性荧光探针DCF-DA染色分析肺组织活性氧（ROS）水平,丙二醛（MDA）试剂盒检测肺组织匀浆中MDA水平。结果：与PBS组比较,LPS+OVA组小鼠Penh值、细胞总数、炎症细胞、气道炎症及评分均明显升高（P<0.05或P<0.01）,BALF上清中IL-17水平明显升高（P<0.01）,肺组织内ROS荧光强度明显升高,肺匀浆中MDA水平明显升高（P<0.01）。与LPS+OVA组比较,Res组和NAC组小鼠Penh值、细胞总数、炎症细胞、气道炎症及评分明显降低（P<0.05或P<0.01）,BALF上清中IL-17水平均明显降低（P<0.05）,肺组织内ROS荧光强度降低,肺匀浆中MDA水平明显降低（P<0.01）。结论：白藜芦醇能够有效抑制中性粒细胞性哮喘小鼠肺组织中的炎症反应,其机制可能与白藜芦醇抑制体内发生的氧化应激反应有关。     

高氧暴露BPD小鼠模型中巨噬细胞焦亡的检测及意义

目的 探讨巨噬细胞焦亡是否参与支气管肺发育不良（bronchopulmonary dysplasia,BPD）的肺病理损伤。方法 40只足月新生小鼠随机分为空气（room air,RA）组和高氧（hyperoxia,HO）组,每组20只。建立慢性高氧诱导的BPD小鼠模型。HE染色评估小鼠的肺泡化情况;CD31免疫组化检测肺血管发育状况;Masson染色分析肺组织的纤维化程度;qRT-PCR检测肺组织中的炎症因子和趋化因子（Il6、Il1b、Mmp12、Ccl2、Ccl5、Il8）基因表达水平;ELISA检测血清和肺组织匀浆中的IL-1β水平;Western blot检测细胞焦亡通路的关键蛋白NLRP3、Caspase-1 p20、N-消皮素D(gasdermin D,GSDMD)、IL-1β表达;流式分析支气管肺泡灌洗液中巨噬细胞比例;免疫荧光检测F4/80与NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β的共定位;免疫组化分析AQP5的表达水平。结果 与RA组相比,HO组小鼠的肺泡化阻滞和肺血管生成障碍,肺纤维化显著增加;肺组织中促炎细胞因子的表达显著上调,细胞焦亡相关蛋白表达水平显著增加...     

七氟烷对脂多糖诱导小鼠肺损伤的保护作用及与 Toll样受体4表达的关系

目的：探讨七氟烷对脂多糖（LPS）诱导的小鼠肺损伤的保护作用及与Toll样受体4（TLR4）表达的关系。方法将30只雌性BALB／c小鼠随机分为LPS组（ L组）、七氟烷组（ S组）和对照组（ C组）。 S组：给予七氟烷麻醉并维持;L组及C组：给予苯巴比妥麻醉并维持。 L组和S组每只小鼠腹腔注射50μg LPS,并给予50μg／20 mL LPS雾化吸入10 min。监测各组小鼠肺功能,HE染色观察各组小鼠肺组织形态学变化,免疫组化测定各组小鼠肺组织TLR4的表达,ELISA法检测肺泡灌洗液白细胞介素－4（IL－4）、白细胞介素－13（IL－13）、干扰素－γ（IFN－γ）含量,Western blot及RT－PCR法检测肺组织TLR4的表达。结果 L组小鼠肺组织出现损伤,肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子明显增加,TLR4表达明显增加;S组与L组相比,肺组织损伤程度降低,肺泡灌洗液中炎症因子减少,肺组织TLR4表达降低。结论七氟烷对小鼠LPS诱导的肺损伤具有保护作用,这种作用与降低肺组织TLR4的表达有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.