HPLC-MS法测定人血浆中异丁司特浓度

目的:建立HPLC-MS法测定人血浆中异丁司特的浓度.方法:以非那西丁为内标,色谱条件:Lichro-spher C18色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以0.5%乙酸水-甲醇(20:80)为流动相,流速为1.0mL·min-1,质谱检测.结果:异丁司特在2～200ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 7),最低定量浓度为1.0ng·mL-1.方法平均回收率为99.37%,提取回收率均大于95%,日内与日间RSD均小于5%.结论:本法快速简便、灵敏准确,适宜人血浆中异丁司特的浓度测定.     

高效液相色谱串联质谱法检测多潘立酮血浆浓度

目的建立高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法测定人血浆中多潘立酮的浓度。方法血浆样品经乙醚萃取后,以乙腈-0.1%甲酸(70∶30,v/v)为流动相,采用ulti mate C18(2.1 mm×150 mm,3μm)色谱柱进行分离,流速为0.25 mL.min-1,通过电喷雾离子化串联质谱,以多反应监测(MRM)方式进行检测。结果多潘立酮的线性范围为0.2~150 ng.mL-1,平均方法回收率在99.8%~105.6%,日内和日间变异均<15%。结论本法简单、快速、灵敏、重现性好,成功应用于多潘立酮的药物动力学研究。     

阳离子色谱柱-HPLC法测定人血浆中氯氮平及去甲氯氮平浓度

目的:建立同时测定人血浆中氯氮平及去甲氯氮平浓度的阳离子色谱柱-HPLC法。方法:用强阳离子交换色谱柱-HPLC测定人血浆中氯氮平及去甲氯氮平浓度,色谱柱为强阳离子交换色谱柱(4.6 mm×100 mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-0.01 mol·L-1磷酸铵溶液(pH 5.1)(60∶40),流速为1.2 mL·min-1,紫外检测波长为257 nm,以AF2672为内标,含氯氮平及去甲氯氮平的血样经C8固相小柱萃取后进样。结果:阳离子色谱柱-HPLC测得氯氮平、去甲氯氮平的色谱峰峰形对称、无内外源性物质干扰,检测结果稳定、可靠、重复性好;通过改变流动相pH易于调整各化合物保留时间,同时去除空白血浆干扰;固相萃取前处理简单、省时且萃取回收率较高。氯氮平及去甲氯氮平浓度在50.4～990 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好;氯氮平及去甲氯氮平低(50.4 ng·mL-1)、中(396 ng·mL-1)、高(990 ng·mL-1)3个浓度的萃取回收率均大于91%,日内和日间RSD均小于4%(n=5)。结论:阳离子色谱柱-HPLC法测定人血浆中氯氮平及去甲氯氮平浓度,色谱峰峰形对称,保留时间适宜且无杂质干扰,适用于临床氯氮平及去甲氯氮平血药浓度监测和药动学研究。     

高效液相色谱荧光法测定人血浆替米沙坦浓度

目的建立测定人血浆替米沙坦浓度的高效液相色谱荧光法。方法以β-萘酚为内标,血浆用乙酸乙酯提取处理;采用Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm);柱温:20℃;流动相:乙腈-0.05 mol.L-1磷酸二氢钾溶液=49∶51(V/V);流速:1.0 mL.m in-1;荧光检测激发波长:308 nm,发射波长:380 nm。结果血浆内源性杂质对样品测定无干扰,替米沙坦最低定量浓度为5 ng.mL-1,在5~2 000 ng.mL-1范围内线性关系良好(r=0.999 8)。替米沙坦的日内、日间精密度RSD均<15%,样品多次冻融及提取后稳定性好。结论该法准确、快速、灵敏、简便,可作为人血浆替米沙坦浓度的测定方法。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中卡巴他赛与血浆蛋白的结合率

目的建立并应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定人血浆中卡巴他赛与血浆蛋白的结合率。方法以拉洛他赛为内标,样品经叔丁基甲醚液液萃取,采用ACQUITY BEH C18色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm);流动相:2 mmol·L-1醋酸铵水溶液-乙腈;流速:0.2 mL·min-1;进样量:5μL;柱温:35℃;采用ESI正离子源,定量分析离子反应分别为m/z 836.36→m/z 555.26(卡巴他赛)和m/z 832.25→m/z 551.08(内标拉洛他赛)。结合平衡透析法,测定了卡巴他赛的人血浆蛋白结合率。结果卡巴他赛浓度在5¹ 000 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,定量下限为5 ng·mL-1,日内和日间精密度均小于15.0%,提取回收率为70.0%1 000 ng·mL-1范围内线性关系良好,定量下限为5 ng·mL-1,日内和日间精密度均小于15.0%,提取回收率为70.0%⁹1.4%,基质效应为87.4%91.4%,基质效应为87.4%¹00.9%,可用于卡巴他赛的血浆蛋白结合率研究。卡巴他赛在低、中、高三个浓度下的人血浆蛋白结合率为(87.8±4.0)%、(76.4±0.8)%和(73.5±6.4)%。结论本方法简单、快速、灵敏,能满足分析要求。卡巴他赛与人血浆蛋白结合率较高,与血浆蛋白结合能力在考察的浓度范围内无浓度依赖性。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定人血浆中多潘立酮浓度

目的建立高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定人血浆中多潘立酮(第2代胃动力药)浓度的方法。方法用TC-C18色谱柱,流动相为甲醇(含0.025%甲酸)-1 mmol.L-1甲酸铵溶液(含0.05%甲酸),用梯度洗脱进行分离,流速为1.0 mL.min-1。用正离子化模式,多重反应监测(MRM)扫描方式进行检测定量。结果多潘立酮的线性范围为0.1～50.0 ng.mL-1,日内、日间精密度均小于15%,提取回收率大于80%。结论本方法灵敏、准确、快速,可用于人血浆中多潘立酮浓度的测定和药代动力学研究。     

液相色谱-质谱联用法测定人血浆中多潘立酮

目的:建立测定人血浆中多潘立酮的液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC/ESI-MS/MS)法。方法:待测血浆0.1 mL 用甲醇沉淀蛋白,取离心后的上清液进样10μL在 Phenomenex Gimim-C_(18)柱(2.00 mm×50 mm,5 μm)上分离,流动相为甲醇-水(40:60,v/v,含0.3%醋酸),流速0.2 mL·min~(-1),LC/ESI-MS/MS 采用多离子反应监测,正离子模式,用于定量分析的离子反应分别为 m/z426→m/z175(多潘立酮)和 m/z 379→m/z 264(氨溴索,内标)。结果:血浆中的内源性物质不干扰测定,每个样品分析时间约2 min;本法线性范围为0.3～100 ng·mL~(-1),最低定量浓度为0.3 ng·mL~(-1);日内、日间 RSD 分别小于7.1%和13.3%,相对误差小于5.4%。结论:该法操作简便、快速、准确,灵敏度高,可用于多潘立酮临床治疗剂量的药物动力学研究。     

高效液相色谱离子阱质谱联用法同时测定人血浆中曲马多和对乙酰氨基酚浓度

目的:建立快速、灵敏的液相色谱-电喷雾离子阱质谱法测定人血浆中曲马多和对乙酰氨基酚的浓度。方法:血浆样品经乙腈直接沉淀蛋白后,以乙腈-10 mmoL·L-1甲酸胺-0．1％甲酸(65:15:20)为流动相,采用Hypurity C18柱(150mm× 2·1 mm,5μm)分离,流速为0．2 mL·min-1,通过电喷雾离子化离子阱质谱,以二级质谱选择离子反应监测(SRM)方式进行检测。结果:曲马多和乙酰氨基酚的线性范围分别为5～1000及20-12800 ng·mL-1,最低检测浓度分别为1和10 ng· mL-1,平均相对回收率均为103．7％,日内和日间变异均<20％,每个样品测试时间仅为7．0 min。结论:本法简单、快速、灵敏、重现性好,是一种有效的检测人血浆中曲马多和对乙酰氨基酚浓度的方法。     

LC-MS法测定人血浆氟伐他汀浓度

目的:建立LC-MS法测定人血浆氟伐他汀浓度。方法:以瑞舒伐他汀为内标,采用梯度洗脱程序,采用Diamonsil C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm,5μm)分析,以正离子方式进行检测。用于定量分析的检测离子氟伐他汀为m/z 410.20,瑞舒伐他汀为m/z 480.00。结果:血浆氟伐他汀浓度线性范围为2.0～800.0ng·mL-1,定量下限为2.0 ng·mL-1。批内和批间的RSD均小于15%。结论:本方法专属性强,样品处理简单,适用于氟伐他汀临床药代动力学研究。     

多潘立酮片的人体生物等效性研究

目的:建立测定人血浆中多潘立酮浓度的高效液相色谱-荧光测定方法,并对多潘立酮片的生物等效性进行评价.方法:以普萘洛尔为内标,血浆样品经两次萃取,采用C18色谱柱、磷酸二氢钠缓冲液(0.02 mol·L-1,pH=3.5):乙腈=70:30为流动相,用HPLC-FLD法测定多潘立酮的浓度.20名健康男性志愿者随机自身交叉单次口服受试制剂和参比制荆后测血药浓度,计算各药动学参数和相对生物利用度.结果:在1.0～50.0 ng·ml-1范围内峰比值与浓度线性关系良好(r=0.992 3),最低定量浓度为1.0 ng·ml-1.绝对回收率为68.6%～77.0%.多潘立酮片的相对生物利用度为(100.5±25.1)%.结论:统计学结果表明两种制剂生物等效.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.