主动脉内球囊反搏在高危急性心肌梗死患者中的应用

目的 探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)在急性心肌梗死患者中的应用时机和对预后的影响.方法 连续观察入选的急性心肌梗死患者1206例.前壁梗死464例,下壁梗死(包括后、右室梗死)474例,非ST段抬高心肌梗死268例.成功再灌注者505例,药物保守治疗701例.心源性休克患者89例.合并心源性休克、左主干或三支血管病变、经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)术中出现肺水肿、室性心律失常、合并室间隔穿孔或乳头肌功能不全等情况时应用IABP辅助治疗.将IABP放置时机分为2组,置入IABP时血流动力学稳定或心源性休克发生1 h内为早置组,置入IABP时血流动力学不稳定或心源性休克发生1 h后为晚置组.结果 ①IABP置入者97例,心源性休克者占45.3%(44/97),左主干或三支病变PCI者占21.7%(21/97),血流动力学不稳定者占15.5%(15/97).平均应用IABP时间3.8 d.②置入IABP患者中,死亡组成功再灌注率低于存活组[45.7%(16/35)比66.1%(41/62),P=0.041],IABP早置入率死亡组低于存活组[25.7%(9/35)比91.9%(57/62),P=0.000],死亡组合并心源性休克[82.9%(29/35)比24.2%(15/62),P=0.000]、心脏破裂[20%(7/35)比0(0/62);P=0.000]、入院时BUN[(8.8±2.4)mmol/L比(6.3±1.0)mmoL/L,P=0.040]和Cr[(132.6±35.4)βmoL/L比(79.6±17.7)βmol/L,P=0.000]明显高于存活组.③Logistic回归分析显示:心源性休克(OR=0.066,CI 0.018～0.241,P=0.000)和IABP置入时机(OR=0.219,CI 0.062～0.778,P=0.019)是死亡的独立危险因素.结论 高危AMI患者尽早应用IABP可明显降低住院病死率.     

主动脉内球囊反搏辅助治疗急性心肌梗死并心源性休克的临床观察

目的 观察主动脉球囊反搏辅助治疗急性心肌梗死并心源性休克的临床效果.方法 分析30例急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者使用主动脉内球囊反搏后的治疗效果.结果 30例患者接受主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)治疗后,血流动力学稳定,24例进行冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)及6例溶栓治疗均成功.7例死亡,其中3例发生泵衰竭而死亡,4例出现恶性心律失常而死亡,存活率为76.7%.结论 IABP对血流动力学状态有明显改善,减少心肌梗死再发生率,为PCI治疗赢得时间,有益于提高心肌梗死患者生存率.     

主动脉内球囊反搏联合溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死并心源性休克的疗效分析

目的评估主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)联合溶栓治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)并心源性休克的疗效。方法收集2010年1月至2011年1月因AMI合并心源性休克入住我院行溶栓治疗的患者33例为研究对象,进行回顾性研究。根据患者是否接受IABP治疗,将患者分为治疗组和对照组,比较两组患者溶栓后的冠状动脉开通率、溶栓后2 h血流动力学指标、入院后8 h死亡率及院内死亡率。结果治疗组溶栓后冠状动脉开通率较对照组高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);溶栓后治疗组的血流动力学指标均较对照组有明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗组入院8h死亡率及院内死亡率均较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论当AMI合并心源性休克时,尽早选择应用IABP联合溶栓治疗,将有助改善此类高危患者的临床预后。     

床边紧急置入主动脉内球囊反搏治疗心源性休克的围术期护理

目的总结床边紧急置入主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）辅助治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的围术期护理。方法对15例急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者床边置入IABP的围术期护理要点进行总结,包括术前准备,术中配合,术后生命体征、尿量、心电图、球囊导管、反搏压力、并发症等的监测。结果患者在应用IABP辅助治疗后,血流动力学趋于稳定,表现为心率减慢,舒张压、平均动脉压、尿量明显增加,血管活性药物剂量明显减少（P〈0.01）;住院期间存活11例,死亡4例。结论对于急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克早期床旁应用IABP的患者,积极的术中配合和有效的术后监护能为冠脉血运重建提供稳定的血流动力学支持,提高救治成功率。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克中的应用

目的　评价主动脉内球囊反搏 (IABP)对急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者在不同血管再通治疗中的疗效和短期生存的影响。方法　回顾性分析了 10 8例接受IABP治疗的急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者 ,分别分析了溶栓治疗组、介入治疗组和冠脉搭桥 (CABG)手术治疗组患者的基本特征和血流动力学情况 ,并比较IABP治疗对住院病死率和 30d病死率的影响。结果　患者的基本特征包括年龄、冠心病的危险因子等在各组间差异无显著性意义 (P >0 0 5 ) ,但手术治疗组的男性患者显著少于其它两组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;IABP治疗前血流动力学状态各组间也无显著性意义 ,住院病死率和 30d病死率手术治疗组均显著低于溶栓组和介入组 ,分别为 18 9%、 6 2 8%和 6 0 7% ,16 2 %、 6 0 5 %和 6 0 7% ,P值均 <0 0 0 1。结论　IABP支持下进行CABG治疗可显著减低心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者的近期死亡率 ,且显著优于溶栓治疗和介入治疗     

主动脉内球囊反搏术在急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克行冠状动脉支架置入术中的临床评价

目的评价主动脉内球囊反搏术(IABP)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克(CS)行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的疗效。方法AMI合并CS的52例患者一经确诊即予急诊IABP循环支持治疗,与未经IABP治疗的48例患者(对照组)进行比较,两组均在常规用药基础上行PCI治疗。观察两组患者IABP前后的心功能指标、PCI术后1周内病死率及血管再闭塞事件发生率。结果治疗组进行IABP后桡动脉内测舒张压、平均动脉压(MAP)、心脏指数(CI)、心输出量(CO)、每搏输出量(SV)、射血分数(EF)较术前明显升高(P0.05或P0.01),而肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)较术前明显降低(P0.05),治疗组病死率显著低于对照组(P0.05),治疗组血管再闭塞事件发生率显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论IABP可显著改善心功能,降低AMI合并CS患者的死亡率及血管再闭塞发生率。     

Aortic counterpulsation in cardiogenic shock during acute myocardial infarction

Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation is the most widely used form of mechanical hemodynamic support in the setting of cardiogenic shock due to ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is also strongly recommended (class 1b) in the current European guidelines for treatment of STEMI. The evidence of a possible benefit of IABP in this setting is based mainly on registry data and a few randomized trials. Cardiogenic shock and subsequent death due to STEMI result from three factors: hemodynamic deterioration, occurrence of multiorgan dysfunction and systemic inflammatory response. IABP does not cause an immediate improvement in blood pressure, but the recent SHOCK II trial shows positive effects on multiorgan dysfunction. Some experimental and clinical studies have indicated that IABP results in hemodynamic benefits as a result of afterload reduction and diastolic augmentation with improvement of coronary perfusion. However, the effect on cardiac output is modest and may not be sufficient to reduce mortality. Furthermore we can say that the use of IABP before coronary revascularization in the setting of STEMI complicated with cardiogenic shock may make the interventional procedure safer by improving left ventricular unloading. The purpose of the present review is to clarify the state of the art on this topic.     

主动脉球囊反搏术后应用呼吸机辅助治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者的护理

目的:探讨主动脉球囊反搏术后应用呼吸机辅助治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者的效果及护理方法。方法:回顾分析我院21例急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者主动脉球囊反搏术后应用呼吸机辅助治疗的护理措施。结果:急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者经过积极的抢救治疗,16例患者好转出院,3例患者抢救无效死亡,2例患者家属签字放弃抢救,自动出院。救治成功率为76.19%。结论:急性心肌梗死患者应用主动脉球囊反搏治疗具有良好的近期疗效,及时使用呼吸机辅助治疗,给予积极有效的预防治疗护理措施,能降低死亡率,提高救治成功率,促进患者康复。     

The intra-aortic balloon pump as an adjunctive therapy for severe myocardial contusion

The management of patients with post-traumatic myocardial contusion requires close electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring. When complications such as cardiogenic shock occur, aggressive treatment using Swan-Ganz catheterization for monitoring of intravascular volume and cardiac inotropic support are necessary. Failure to restore hemodynamic stability using these measures is an indication for the use of intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation. A case of successful management of a patient with post-traumatic myocardial contusion complicated by refractory cardiogenic shock using intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation is presented. Use of the intra-aortic balloon pump improved cardiac output, eventually resulting in hemodynamic stabilization.     

主动脉内球囊反搏支持下介入治疗急性心肌梗死后休克的术后护理

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）后心源性休克经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）及主动脉内球囊反搏（intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP）治疗的术后护理对策。方法回顾性分析1999—2009年67例行PCI及IABP治疗的AMI心源性休克患者的临床资料,总结抢救护理的经验。结果67例患者中,44例痊愈出院,23例死亡,病死率为34．33％。结论经PCI及IABP治疗AMI心源性休克的护理重点是加强观察,选择合适的体位,及时制止反搏泵停搏,根据患者的心功能进行输液管理,积极预防并发症。     

Does intra-aortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock improve outcome?

Expanded abstract

Citation

Thiele H, Zeymer U, Neumann FJ, Ferenc M, Olbrich HG, Hausleiter J, Richardt G, Hennersdorf M, Empen K, Fuernau G, Desch S, Eitel I, Hambrecht R, Fuhrmann J, Böhm M, Ebelt H, Schneider S, Schuler G, Werdan K; IABP-SHOCK II Trial Investigators: Intraaortic balloon support for myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med 2012, 367:1287-1296.

Background

In the current international guidelines, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation is considered a class I treatment for acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. However, evidence is based mainly on registry data, and there is a paucity of randomized clinical trials.

Methods

Objective

To test the hypothesis that IABP counterpulsation, as compared with the best available medical therapy alone, results in a reduction in mortality among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock for whom early revascularization is planned.

Design

Randomized, prospective, open-label, multicenter trial.

Setting

Thirty-seven centers in Germany.

Subjects

All adults had acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock and were expected to undergo early revascularization (by means of percutaneous coronary intervention or bypass surgery).

Intervention

After enrollment, 600 patients were randomly assigned to intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP group, 301 patients) or no IABP counterpulsation (control group, 299 patients).

Outcomes

The primary efficacy endpoint is 30-day all-cause mortality.

Results

At 30 days, 119 patients in the IABP group (39.7%) and 123 patients in the control group (41.3%) had died (relative risk with IABP, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 1.17; P = 0.69). There were no significant differences in secondary endpoints or in process-of-care measures, including the time to hemodynamic stabilization, the length of stay in the intensive care unit, serum lactate levels, the dose and duration of catecholamine therapy, and renal function.

Conclusions

The use of IABP counterpulsation did not significantly reduce 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock for whom an early revascularization strategy was planned.     

应用主动脉内球囊反搏行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术患者的护理

目的探讨应用主动脉内球囊反搏(intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP)行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)术患者的护理方法。方法回顾性分析并总结2012年4月至2015年10月解放军总医院南楼心血管内科收治的28例急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克患者的临床资料。结果本组28例患者中,25例患者痊愈出院,3例患者因严重的冠状动脉血管病变导致手术失败而病死,平均住院时间为(14.18±5.36)d,平均使用IABP的时间为(3.68±1.43)d。结论科学、规范的护理措施有利于提高应用IABP行PCI术患者的治疗效果,改善患者预后。     

主动脉气囊反搏联合急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克

目的研究主动脉气囊反搏（IABP）联合急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）对急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的疗效。方法比较36例患者急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克治疗前后的肺毛细血管楔压（PCWP）、心脏指数（CI）、中心静脉压（CVP）、平均动脉压（MAP）和每小时尿量变化。结果接受IABP联合PCI治疗后,患者的CVP、PCWP较治疗前明显降低,分别为（4．1±4．3）mmHgVS（10．4±6．8）mmHg,（10．5±7．1）mmHgVS（23．6±8．3）mmHg（P〈O．05）,而CI、MAP和每小时尿量均较治疗前明显增加,分别为（2．2±1．3）L·min-1·m-2 VS（1．3±0．9）L·min-1·m-2,（83．4±13．6）mm HgVS（56．8±15．2）mmHg,（44．5±14．9）ml／hVS（12．6±5．4）ml／h（P〈0．05）。结论对于急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克的患者,IABP联合急诊PCI治疗,疗效确切。这对不能开展急诊冠状动脉旁路手术的医院,IABP联合急诊PCI治疗具有特殊的临床意义。     

心肌梗死患者主动脉球囊反搏术后行急诊PCI预后的影响因素

目的观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）急诊接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）患者在主动脉球健支持下预后影响因素及护理对策。方法回顾分析27例经绿色通道行急诊PCI治疗AMI后,应用卞动脉球睫反搏患者临床一般资料、临床特征及介入治疗情况。结果27例患者康复12例,反复心衰发作4例,院内死亡11例。存活组和死亡组年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病吸烟史。梗死部位、左室射血分数比较差异尤统计学意义,Killip 1～2级、PCI术后无血流比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）：结论Killip 1～2级、PCI术后无m流是影响患者预后的相关因素。     

Cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction

Cardiogenic shock is the primary cause of death among patients hospitalized with acute myocardial infarction. It is defined as tissue hypoperfusion resulting from ventricular pump failure in the presence of adequate intravascular volume. These patients need rapid assessment and appropriate institution of supportive therapies including vasopressor and inotropic agents, ventilatory support, and intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation. Emergency coronary artery revascularization is the only therapy that reduces mortality, and this should be provided early to patients to achieve maximal benefit, unless further care is deemed futile. Whereas newer support devices can provide better hemodynamic augmentation, their impact on mortality is limited. Novel therapies are needed to further decrease mortality rates, which remain high despite reperfusion therapy.     

主动脉内球囊反搏在治疗高龄急性心肌梗死伴心源性休克患者的应用

目的　评价急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的高龄患者行急诊冠脉介入治疗辅以主动脉内球囊反搏 (IABP)术的安全性及有效性。方法　 10例急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克或泵衰竭高龄患者 ,行急诊冠脉介入治疗辅以主动脉内球囊反搏 (IABP)术 ,观察临床效果及安全性。结果　 10例急性心肌梗死高龄患者经急诊冠脉介入及IABP治疗后 ,9例主动脉内舒张压、平均动脉压显著增高 ,分别由术前 ( 32 6 7±2 35 )mmHg和 ( 4 6 11± 4 17)mmHg,上升至术后 ( 10 5 11± 10 8)mmHg,和 ( 86 11± 8 93)mmHg ,(P <0 0 0 1)。临床症状明显好转 ,血流动力学显著改善。 1例死于肾功能衰竭。结论　急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克高龄患者行急诊冠脉介入治疗时 ,联合应用主动脉内球囊反搏 ,可增加冠脉介入治疗安全性 ,降低病死率 ,减少血管再闭塞率 ,提高手术成功率。     

行主动脉内球囊反搏治疗的心肌梗死患者生存率的影响因素

目的分析行主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)治疗的心肌梗死患者生存率的影响因素。方法选取行IABP治疗的心肌梗死患者94例。根据患者存活状况分为存活组与死亡组。比较2组患者临床基本情况、冠状动脉造影结果和急诊PCI结果,并对相关因素进行多因素回归分析。结果 2组患者平均年龄、KillipsⅢ/Ⅳ例患者比例、CK-MB峰值比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组发生合并LM病变、PCI后TIMI3级血流患者比例比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。多因素回归分析显示,患者年龄、KillipsⅢ/Ⅳ级、CK-MB峰值、PCI后TIMI3级血流、合并LM病变均为影响患者生存状况的危险因素。结论IABP治疗后的心肌梗死患者生存状况受患者年龄、KillipsⅢ/Ⅳ级、CK-MB峰值、PCI后TIMI3级血流、合并LM病变等因素的影响。     

主动脉内球囊反搏支持下介入治疗急性心肌梗死后休克的术后护理

目的探讨急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）后心源性休克经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）及主动脉内球囊反搏（intra-aortic balloon pump,IABP）治疗的术后护理对策。方法回顾性分析1999-2009年67例行PCI及IABP治疗的AMI心源性休克患者的临床资料,总结抢救护理的经验。结果67例患者中,44例痊愈出院,23例死亡,病死率为34.33%。结论经PCI及IABP治疗AMI心源性休克的护理重点是加强观察,选择合适的体位,及时制止反搏泵停搏,根据患者的心功能进行输液管理,积极预防并发症。     

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–assisted primary percutaneous coronary intervention may improve survival of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by profound cardiogenic shock

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) assistance on the clinical outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) that is complicated by profound cardiogenic shock (CS) who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Materials and Methods

We collected patients from January 2004 through December 2006 (stage 1); 25 patients who presented with AMI and received primary PCI and had profound CS were enrolled in the study. Intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) was the only modality for extracorporeal support in our hospital. From January 2007 through December 2009 (stage 2), 33 patients who presented with AMI and received primary PCI and had profound CS were enrolled; for this stage; both intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation and ECMO support were available in our facility.

Results

A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis displayed significantly improved survival for patients in stage 2 (P = .001; 1-year survival in stage 1 vs 2; 24% vs 63.64%). Patients presenting with either STEMI (ST segment elevation myocardial infarction) or NSTEMI (Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction) benefited from ECMO-assisted PCI (P < .05). In stage 1, patients with refractory ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation had a very low survival rate; however, in stage 2, the survival rate of patients with and without refractory ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation was similar (P = .316).

Conclusion

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–assisted PCI for patients with AMI that is complicated by profound CS may improve the 30-day and 1-year survival rates.     

Accuracy and precision of transcardiopulmonary thermodilution in patients with cardiogenic shock

Hemodynamic monitoring plays a crucial role in the supportive treatment of critically ill patients. In this setting, the use of the pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) is a standard procedure. In this study we prospectively compare the accuracy and precision of pulmonary thermodilution (PTD) by PAC and transcardiopulmonary thermodilution (TC-PTD) in patients with cardiogenic shock following an acute cardiac event. In this prospective study 77 hemodynamic measurements were taken in 11 patients presenting cardiogenic shock (CS) treated at the medical intensive care unit of our university hospital. Hemodynamic parameters were measured simultaneously by PTD and by TC-PTD. Both techniques assessed showed a strong correlation in the obtained hemodynamic parameters. The mean bias of cardiac index between measured by PTD (CIpa) and by TC-PTD (CIpi) was 0.04 ± 0.35 L/min/m². During intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) counterpulsation and therapeutic hypothermia (TH) in post-resuscitation care, mean bias between CIpa and CIpi was 0.04 ± 0.36 and 0.04 ± 0.34 L/min/m², respectively. Similarly, patients presenting mitral or tricuspid regurgitation showed interchangeable parameters. Preload parameters obtained by TC-PTD showed significant differences in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <35 %, compared to patients with LVEF ≥35 %. In contrast, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure showed no significant difference. Hemodynamic measurements by PTD and TC-PTD are interchangeable during therapy of CS, including patients IABP, TH, mitral or tricuspid regurgitation. Preload parameters measured by TC-PTD seem to be more accurate in these patients than pressure parameters of PTD to gather the acute hemodynamic situation.