甲状旁腺激素对去卵巢大鼠骨折愈合的影响

目的探讨局部应用甲状旁腺激素（PTH）对去卵巢大鼠股骨骨折愈合的影响。方法将30只SD大鼠随机分成3组：假手术组＋骨折＋生理盐水组（Sham＋F＋NS）;卵巢切除＋骨折＋生理盐水组（OVX＋F＋NS）;卵巢切除＋骨折＋甲状旁腺激素组（OVX＋F＋PTH）,每组10只。实验组切除双侧卵巢,术后4周选取股骨中段制备开放性骨折模型,髓内钉固定,于骨折部位给予PTH（20μg/kg）,3次/周,间断骨折局部皮下注射4周后,处死动物并收集样本,采用X线摄片、骨密度检测、组织形态学及免疫组织化学方法评估骨折愈合情况。结果给予PTH干预后,骨痂骨量较OVX＋F＋NS明组显升高（P〈0.05）;X线观察显示OVX＋F＋PTH组得分明显高于OVX＋F＋NS组（P〈0.05）;HE染色可见OVX＋F＋PTH组骨小梁数量增多,板层骨排列整齐有序;同时,OVX＋F＋PTH组骨形态发生蛋白-2（BMP-2）免疫组化表达明显升高（P〈0.05）。结论 PTH能够刺激成骨细胞活性,有效改善骨质疏松性骨折大鼠骨痂愈合质量。     

高生物涂层局部应用辛伐他汀对大鼠骨质疏松性骨折愈合的影响

目的 研究局部应用辛伐他汀对卵巢切除大鼠骨质疏松性骨折愈合的影响.方法 30只3月龄雌性SD大鼠,随机数字表法分为假手术+骨折组(A组)、卵巢切除+骨折组(B组)、卵巢切除+骨折+辛伐他汀缓释干预组(C组),每组10只.A组仅暴露腹腔,其余2组行卵巢切除术,术后6周,实验大鼠均制作右侧股骨骨折模型.A组行无涂层的髓内固定,B组行高分子涂层髓内固定,C组加入辛伐他汀高分子涂层髓内固定.骨折造模术后6周处死大鼠收集右侧股骨,行放射影像学检测及骨密度测量,HE染色及免疫组织化学染色检测VEGF和BMP-2的表达.结果 A、C组完全桥接骨痂与不完全桥接骨痂的比例显著高于B组(P＜0.05);A、C组股骨全长骨密度及骨痂骨密度显著高于B组(P＜0.05);免疫组化检测A、C组VEGF、BMP-2平均光密度显著高于B组(P＜0.05).结论 在高聚合物生物涂层内固定物上局部应用辛伐他汀可促进大鼠骨质疏松性骨折愈合,其促进骨折愈合的作用可能与其上调骨痂组织中BMP-2、VEGF表达并提高骨密度有关.     

雷奈酸锶对卵巢切除大鼠BMSCs成骨分化及BMP-2表达的影响

目的 探讨雷奈酸锶(SR)对卵巢切除大鼠骨髓基质干细胞成骨分化及骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2)表达的影响.方法 3月龄SD大鼠24只,分别接受假手术(Sham组,n=8)和双侧卵巢切除(OVX,n=16)手术,术后8周OVX大鼠分为2组,分别接受安慰剂(OVX+V组)或SR(0.9g· kg-1· d-1,OVX+ SR组)治疗3个月.实验结束后处死所有大鼠,检测第4腰椎骨密度、最大载荷、弹性模量等生物力学性能,取股骨和胫骨骨髓细胞进行体外培养并向成骨细胞诱导分化,第25天共聚焦显微镜观察BMP-2的表达及分布,第28天提取细胞RNA及蛋白,RT-PCR及Western blot法检测BMP-2的表达,细胞培养第32天yonkossa染色观察细胞外基质矿化能力.结果 (1)骨密度:OVX+V组显著低于Sham组和OVX+ SR组(P＜0.05),OVX+ SR组显著低于Sham组.(2)最大载荷:OVX+V组显著低于OVX+ SR组(P＜0.05),OVX+ SR组显著低于Sham组(P＜0.05);弹性模量:OVX+V组显著低于Sham组和OVX+ SR组(P＜0.05).(3)共聚焦显微镜观察各组细胞BMP-2的表达及胞内分布无明显差异.(4) RT-PCR及Western blot法检测BMP-2在各组的表达差异无统计学意义.(5)von kossa染色观察各组矿化面积百分比差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 SR可部分改善卵巢切除大鼠骨量丢失和力学性能,对其骨髓基质干细胞体外成骨分化能力及BMP-2的表达无显著影响.     

雷奈酸锶对骨质疏松大鼠骨折愈合过程中BMP-2表达的影响

目的 探讨雷奈酸锶对骨质疏松大鼠股骨折愈合的治疗效果及其作用机制.方法 雌性3月龄SD大鼠36只,随机分为三组:正常骨折组(A),骨质疏松性骨折组(B)、雷奈酸锶干预组(C),每组各12只.B、C组接受双侧卵巢切除术,A组行假手术,术后8周,所有大鼠于行骨密度检测确认骨质疏松模型建立成功后,制作股骨中段骨折模型,克氏针固定,C组给予雷奈酸锶干预(1g/kg/day).骨折6周后取材,每组半数标本骨痴组织研磨提取RNA,Realtime PCR法检测BMP-2 mRNA的表达,另半数标本常规脱钙、石蜡包埋,HE染色观察骨折愈合情况,免疫组织化学染色观察BMP-2蛋白的表达.结果 HE染色结果:A组大鼠骨痂组织较成熟,部分标本可见板层骨形成,B组大鼠骨折愈合进程较正常延迟,软骨性骨痂成分居多,C组优于B组,但仍较A组延迟;Realtime PCR及免疫组化提示C组BMP-2表达显著高于A、B组;A、B组间BMP-2表达水平差异无统计学意义.结论 骨质疏松大鼠较正常大鼠骨折愈合进程延迟,雷奈酸锶可促进骨质疏松性大鼠骨折愈合,其机制可能与上调BMP-2的表达有关.     

大鼠骨质疏松骨折局部注射辛伐他汀对愈合的影响

目的 观察不同剂量辛伐他汀溶液对于骨质疏松大鼠股骨骨折愈合的影响。方法 3月龄健康雌性大鼠45只分为5组（n=9）,手术组（A）;卵巢切除组（B）;骨质疏松骨折组（C）;骨质疏松性骨折＋辛伐他汀1组（D）;骨质疏松性骨折＋辛伐他汀2组（E）,A组大鼠仅实施假手术不切除双侧卵巢,其余B~D组均要求切除双侧卵巢。C、D、E组在切除双侧卵巢8周后,制左侧股骨中段横行骨折模型,D组在骨折局部注射5mg/（kg·d）辛伐他汀溶液,E组注射10mg/（kg·d）辛伐他汀溶液,C组注射不含辛伐他汀的空载体,A、B组在术后8周处死,取出完整左侧股骨,其余3组在骨折造模后4周处死,并取出全部左侧股骨,测定左侧股骨的骨密度、HE染色并光镜下观察。结果 （1）切除卵巢8周后,测定B组骨密度显著低于A组（P〈0.05）。（2）骨质疏松骨折3组,C、D、E组的pBMD、mBMD、dBMD、tBMD均显著高于C组（pBMD：F=16.94,P=0.001;mBMD：F=15.57,P=0.001;dBMD：F=24.77,P=0.001;tBMD：F=23.46,P=0.001）,D、E 2组中E组各部分骨密度值均高于D组,且有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。（3）形态学观察：HE染色后观察,D、E组较C组而言有较多的板层骨形成,并且D、E组中有较多量的软骨细胞存在,C组中几乎不可见板层骨存在,软骨细胞数量较少,提示D、E组较C组愈合快。结论 辛伐他汀溶液皮下注射可以明显加速骨质疏松骨折愈合的进程,而且不同浓度的辛伐他汀溶液对骨质疏松骨折愈合的影响不同。高剂量明显比低剂量效果更为显著。     

葛根素通过BMP-2调节去卵巢大鼠骨代谢

目的：研究葛根素对去卵巢雌鼠骨代谢的作用以及其对骨形态发生蛋白2（BMP-2）的影响。方法：将30只4月龄sD雌鼠随机分成空白组（Sham组）、模型组（OVX组）和葛根素组（Puerarin组）,每组10只。OVX组和Puerarin组行双侧卵巢切除术,4周后,Puerarin组给予葛根素标准品[20mg（kg·d）]灌胃12周,OVX组和Sham组给予等量的生理盐水。干预结束后用双能X线检测骨密度,EusA法检测血中雌二醇、骨钙素、骨保护素、碱性磷酸酶含量,Western blotting检测骨组织中BMP-2蛋白的表达。结果：给药结束后,OVX组和Puerarin组大鼠腰椎、左右股骨的骨密度较Sham组均显著下降（P〈0．05）,Puer—arin组高于OVX组;Puerarin组大鼠血清雌二醇、骨钙素、骨保护素、碱性磷酸酶水平均高于OVX组（P〈0．05）。Puerarin组和Sham组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。Puerarin组BMP-2的表达水平显著高于OVX组（P〈0．05）。结论：葛根素上调BMP-2的表达是其调控去卵巢雌鼠体内的骨代谢的途径之一。     

骨质疏松性骨折愈合过程中骨痂微结构与生物力学性能的相关研究

目的 研究骨质疏松性骨折愈合过程中骨痂生物力学性能与显微三维结构、Ⅰ型胶原面积、骨密度的改变规律及相关性.方法 采用双侧卵巢切除术(ovariectomy,OVX)建立大鼠骨质疏松模型(OVX组),假手术组(Sham组)作为对照.两组均于术后10周通过大鼠右后肢胫骨中段截骨建立骨折内固定模型;骨折内固定模型建立后4、6、8、12周进行大鼠右后肢胫骨中段骨密度测定,术后6周及12周进行骨痂生物力学强度、Ⅰ型胶原面积及显微三维结构测定.结果 两组中骨密度测量值在骨折内固定术后6周高于术后12周(P<0.05),而生物力学强度,Ⅰ型胶原面积和结构模型参数(structure model index,SMI)值在骨折内固定术后第12周时高于术后6周(P<0.05).组间比较显示,骨折内固定术后6周与12周时OVX组的SMI值均明显低于Sham组(P<0.05).结论 在骨折愈合过程中,骨矿含量峰值出现时间早于胶原量与生物力学强度峰值出现时间,胶原的累积程度可独立于骨的矿盐沉积程度作为预测骨生物力学强度的一个指标.     

去势对雌性大鼠骨折愈合影响的实验研究

目的　了解去势对骨折愈合的影响。方法　选用 6月龄雌性 SD大鼠 ,试验分为假手术 (SHAM)组、去势 (OVX)组 ,OVX组切除双侧卵巢建立绝经后骨质疏松动物模型 ,去势 8周后行右股骨中段骨折建立骨折模型 ,两组均在骨折后第 2、4、6、8周处死动物 ,放射学观察骨痂变化 ,骨痂 HE染色 ,光镜观察骨痂的组织学变化并计算骨小梁面积 ,骨折后第 8周右股骨的三点弯曲实验以检测骨折后骨的生物力学性能。结果　 1放射学 :OVX组骨痂密度影低 ,第 8周 OVX组骨折线仍然存在 ,而 SHAM组骨折线模糊。 2组织学 :OVX组软骨骨痂较多 ,新生骨小梁表面成骨细胞体积小 ,破骨细胞明显增多 ,第 8周明显出现骨小梁变细、中断 ;SHAM组软骨骨痂形成稍落后 ,但新生骨小梁表面成骨细胞体积大 ,排列紧密 ,随骨折的愈合骨小梁逐渐增加并逐步成熟 ,小梁骨粗大 ,紧密排列。SHAM组骨小梁面积在第 6、8周明显高于 OVX组。3生物力学实验 :SHAM组弯曲弹性模量高于 OVX组 ,其余各项均无显著性差异。结论　去势后骨吸收大于骨形成 ,出现疏松化表现 ,骨折的愈合质量差     

降钙素对卵巢切除大鼠股骨骨折愈合的作用

目的观察降钙素对卵巢切除大鼠股骨骨折愈合的作用。方法将3月龄雌性SD大鼠40只随机分为假手术组,卵巢切除组,对照组和治疗组,每组10只,除假手术组外,其余各组大鼠行双侧卵巢切除。4周后处死假手术组和卵巢切除组大鼠,测量右股骨骨密度。卵巢切除4周后,对照组和治疗组行右股骨骨折,分别皮下注射生理盐水和降钙素(16IU/kg),隔日1次,于骨折术后9周测量右股骨骨密度,行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色及抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(TRAP)染色,骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2),血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)免疫组化染色。结果与假手术组比较,卵巢切除组大鼠术后4周体质量显著增加,股骨骨密度显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。骨折后9周,治疗组TRAP染色阳性细胞积分吸光度值较对照组显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。骨折后9周,对照组和治疗组骨折线较模糊,骨痂体积无差别,骨小梁排列较有序,骨密度在两组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对照组与治疗组在骨折后9周的BMP-2、VEGF表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论降钙素可以抑制去卵巢大鼠骨折部位破骨细胞活性,但促进大鼠股骨骨折愈合的作用不明显。     

17β-雌二醇对去卵巢SD大鼠作用的研究

目的:探讨17β-雌二醇对去卵巢雌性SD大鼠骨量和骨组织形态计量学的作用。方法:30只10月龄SD雌性大鼠随机分为假手术(Sham)组、卵巢切除(OVX)组和17β-雌二醇(EST)组,实验12周后处死大鼠,测定全身骨密度(BMD)和股骨重量,截取第4腰椎进行骨形态计量学的静态参数和动态参数的测量。结果:与Sham组相比,OVX组BMD和股骨重量减少(P<0.05),EST组BMD和股骨重量无明显差异(P>0.05)。与OVX组相比,EST组BMD和股骨重量明显增加(P<0.05)。与OVX组相比,EST组骨小梁面积百分数、骨小梁厚度、骨小梁数量明显上升,骨小梁分离度明显降低,骨表面积骨形成率、骨体积骨形成率、骨组织体积骨形成率和骨矿化沉积率明显下降(均P<0.05),与Sham组接近。结论:17β-雌二醇通过抑制骨转换,阻止骨丢失,增加骨密度。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.