Changes of cancer diagnosis disclosure to children in Japan in the last 20 years

International Journal of Clinical Oncology - The practice of cancer diagnosis disclosure to children has been changed with the times. The regulations of clinical trials in the 2000s might change...     

壮药材滇桂艾纳香及其易混品种东风草和高艾纳香比较研究

目的： 建立壮药材滇桂艾纳香专属性检验方法。方法： 采用基原鉴别、性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层鉴别、分子生物学及特征图谱等方法对滇桂艾纳香及其易混品种东风草和高艾纳香进行对比研究。结果： 三者的根、茎、叶性状基本相同，区别点在于滇桂艾纳香头状花序小（直径0.5~0.8 cm），东风草头状花序大（直径1.5~2 cm），高艾纳香头状花序具密集的长绒毛；三者的根、茎横切面，粉末显微特征基本相同，高艾纳香具基部膨大的非腺毛；薄层鉴别（1）中高艾纳香比滇桂艾纳香和东风草少1个斑点；薄层鉴别（2）中滇桂艾纳香比东风草和高艾纳香少1个特征斑点；ITS2序列N-J树聚类分析显示三者具有良好的单系性，三者种间最小遗传距离均大于种内最大遗传距离；与滇桂艾纳香对照图谱相比，东风草平均相似度为0.962，高艾纳香平均相似度仅为0.789。结论： 高艾纳香与滇桂艾纳香区别较大，不宜混用，在日常使用中应注意甄别；东风草与滇桂艾纳香在性状、显微、薄层、分子生物学、特征图谱等方面相似度较高，在对二者进行充分的药理活性以及临床试验等基础上，可考虑作为滇桂艾纳香的替代品使用，以缓解药用资源不足的问题。     

临床护士共享治理在给药安全管理中的实践

目的 将共享治理的管理理念运用到给药安全管理中,提高护士给药安全的风险管理意识和参与度,降低给药错误隐患事件和给药错误发生率.方法 2019年7～12月将共享治理应用于病房给药安全管理中,并与2019年1～6月未实施共享治理时的给药隐患事件、给药错误发生率、护理人员决策参与程度等进行对比.结果 实施共享治理后给药隐患事件、给药错误发生率显著低于实施前(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);实施共享治理后护理人员决策参与度和给药安全理念得分显著高于实施前(均P＜0.01).结论 共享治理能有效提高护士给药安全的风险管理意识,降低给药错误及隐患事件的发生.     

IGF-1R pathway activation as putative biomarker for linsitinib therapy to revert tamoxifen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer

Preclinical studies indicate that activated IGF-1R can drive endocrine resistance in ER-positive (ER+) breast cancer, but its clinical relevance is unknown. We studied the effect of IGF-1R signaling on tamoxifen benefit in patients and we searched for approaches to overcome IGF-1R-mediated tamoxifen failure in cell lines. Primary tumor blocks from postmenopausal ER+ breast cancer patients randomized between adjuvant tamoxifen versus nil were recollected. Immunohistochemistry for IGF-1R, p-IGF-1R/InsR, p-ERα(Ser118), p-ERα(Ser167) and PI3K/MAPK pathway proteins was performed. Multivariate Cox models were employed to assess tamoxifen efficacy. The association between p-IGF-1R/InsR and PI3K/MAPK pathway activation in MCF-7 and T47D cells was analyzed with Western blots. Cell proliferation experiments were performed under various growth-stimulating and -inhibiting conditions. Patients with ER+, IGF-1R-positive breast cancer without p-IGF-1R/InsR staining (n = 242) had tamoxifen benefit (HR 0.41, p = 0.0038), while the results for p-IGF-1R/InsR-positive patients (n = 125) were not significant (HR 0.95, p = 0.3). High p-ERα(Ser118) or p-ERα(Ser167) expression was associated with less tamoxifen benefit. In MCF-7 cells, IGF-1R stimulation increased phosphorylation of PI3K/MAPK proteins and ERα(Ser167) regardless of IGF-1R overexpression. This could be abrogated by the dual IGF-1R/InsR inhibitor linsitinib, but not by the IGF-IR-selective antibody 1H7. In MCF-7 and T47D cells, stimulation of the IGF-1R/InsR pathway resulted in cell proliferation regardless of tamoxifen. Abrogation of cell growth was regained by addition of linsitinib. In conclusion, p-IGF-1R/InsR positivity in ER+ breast cancer is associated with reduced benefit from adjuvant tamoxifen in postmenopausal patients. In cell lines, stimulation rather than overexpression of IGF-1R is driving tamoxifen resistance to be abrogated by linsitinib.     

基于冰山模型构建护士综合素质测评指标体系

[目的] 基于冰山模型构建护士综合素质测评指标体系，为临床护士综合素质测评提供可视化工具。[方法] 在冰山模型的基础上，通过查阅国内外文献、小组讨论和运用德尔菲法对16名专家进行2轮专家函询，建立了系统、全面的护士综合素质测评体系。[结果] 最终确定了护士综合素质测评指标体系，包括3项一级指标，8项二级指标和31项三级指标。两轮专家有效应答率均为100%，第2轮函询专家权威系数为0.887 5，二级、三级指标的Kendall W系数分别为0.492和0.387（P<0.05）。[结论] 基于冰山模型的护士综合素质测评指标体系科学、客观、内容全面，可用于对临床护士综合素质的测评，并对其他医院护理团队建设有借鉴价值。     

Heal or no heel: Outcomes of ischaemic heel ulcers following lower limb revascularization from a multi‐ethnic Asian Cohort in Singapore

Ischaemic diabetic heel ulcers are difficult to treat and prognosis is often guarded. The aim was to document our outcome of treating heel ulcers following revascularization in a predominantly diabetic Asian cohort presenting with chronic limb threatening ischaemia from Singapore. Retrospective cohort study (n = 66, 66 limbs) over a 5‐year period. Data were collected from hospital electronic health records. Outcomes included time to healing, amputation free survival (AFS), and mortality. Minimum follow‐up period was 6 months. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to look for factors associated with poor outcome. Mean age was 67.4 ± 8.8 years. 62/66 (93.9%) were diabetics. Mean wound size at presentation was 3.6 ± 2.3 cm. Mean Wound, Ischaemia, Foot Infection (WIFI) score was 5 ± 1.6. 12/66 (18%) patients had a patent posterior tibial artery pre‐operatively. Straight line flow was restored in only 31/66 (46.9) patients but 47/66 (71.2%) had successful limb salvage. Median time to wound healing was 90.0 (IQR 60‐180) days. A median of 1 (IQR 0‐2) wound debridement was required. Patients who underwent negative pressure dressing (23/66; 34.8%) required a median of 26 (IQR 13‐33) cycles to achieve healing. Amputation free survival (AFS) was 72% and 68% at 6‐ and 12‐months, respectively. Mortality rate was 16.7% and 19.7% at 6‐ and 12‐months, respectively. Low albumin level and initial Rutherford class were independent predictors of worse 6‐month AFS. Outcomes of heel ulcers post revascularisation may not be as poor as previously described. Persistent attention to wound care with multidisciplinary effort is needed for optimal healing.     

认知正常与轻度认知障碍老年人海马亚区与序列位置效应关系的研究

目的： 研究认知正常与轻度认知障碍老年人海马亚区与序列位置效应的相关性。 方法： 选择2016年1月至2019年1月就诊于首都医科大学附属复兴医院神经内科门诊的21例轻度认知障碍（mild cognitive impairment,MCI）患者作为MCI组,同期选择体检中心及门诊的39位认知正常（normal cognition,NC）者作为对照组。所有受试者均进行成套神经心理学量表评估与头颅核磁共振检查。应用自动化海马亚区分割软件FreeSurfer计算各亚区体积,采用听觉词语学习测验（auditory verbal learning test,AVLT）记录序列位置效应结果,观察2组人群亚区体积的差异,并分析其与序列位置效应的相关性。 结果： MCI组患者海马各亚区体积均小于对照组,但经多重比较的Bonferroni校正后,仅前下托区差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。该亚区与AVLT延迟回忆总分及首因分数呈正相关。 结论： 与对照组相比,MCI患者海马亚区体积减少,其中前下托萎缩更显著,与长时记忆损害相关。     

健康产妇早期盆底功能障碍危险因素的logistic回归分析

目的:探讨影响健康产妇早期盆底功能障碍的危险因素.方法:采用Glazer方案对2018年1月至2019年7月在重庆市妇幼保健院就诊的产后6～8周健康产妇进行盆底功能评估,对可能的影响因素进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析.结果:与剖宫产相比,阴道分娩(包括非阴道助产及阴道助产)在前、后静息阶段肌肉过度活跃风险明显降低(P=0.000),但阴道分娩时快肌肌力、慢肌肌力与耐力受损风险明显增加(P=0.000);与婴儿出生体质量≥4 000 g相比,婴儿体质量＜4 000 g的产妇快肌受损风险明显降低(P=0.004);与分娩时会阴肌肉损伤的产妇相比,会阴肌肉无损伤产妇快肌受损风险明显降低(OR=0.815,95％CI=0.683～0.973).结论:剖宫产或阴道分娩均可能引起产后早期盆底功能障碍,剖宫产对盆底肌无明显保护作用;婴儿出生体质量及分娩时会阴肌肉有无损伤是导致早期盆底功能障碍的独立影响因素.