2008-2014年北京市海淀区5岁以下儿童死亡监测分析

目的 分析北京市海淀区2008-2014年5岁以下儿童年龄别和主要死因别死亡率及变化趋势,为制定、调整政策和干预措施提供依据. 方法 收集北京市妇幼保健网络信息系统2008-2014年5岁以下儿童死亡监测资料,统计描述和Cochran-Armitage趋势检验进行分析. 结果 海淀区2014年新生儿、婴儿和5岁以下儿童死亡率分别为1.67、2.36和2.92,较2008年分别下降了24.77%、26.48%和13.10%.新生儿和婴儿死亡率均呈现下降趋势(Z=-2.23,-2.27, P=0.0261,0.0230).2014年海淀区5岁以下儿童前5位死因依次为早产或低出生体重、败血症、先天性心脏病、肺炎、出生窒息和意外窒息,较2008年死因顺位有所变化.出生窒息死亡率呈现明显下降趋势(Z=-2.75,P=0.0059),早产或低出生体重、先天性心脏病、意外窒息、肺炎死亡率因呈现反复,无下降趋势(Z=1.22,-1.60,-0.10,-0.34,P=0.2219,0.1093,0.9172,0.7329). 结论 2008-2014年海淀区新生儿和婴儿死亡率均呈现下降趋势.为进一步降低5岁以下儿童死亡率,应基于死因顺位的变化,积极开展健康教育,抓好产儿科合作,强化围产保健.     

人体桡神经连续组织切片计算机辅助三维重建研究

目的:探索一种人体桡神经计算机三维重建的实用方法。方法:采用发丝作为定位材料,将桡神经进行连续组织切片后乙酰胆碱脂酶(acetylchohnesterase,AChE)组织化学染色,高分辨率扫描仪获取二维数码信息后进行三维重建。结果:真实地再现人体桡神经的三维立体结构及桡神经内各神经束的三维立体行径,重建结构均能单独或搭配显示,还能任意角度显示。结论:人体桡神经计算机辅助三维重建方法的图像显示效果较好,是一种较为实用的方法。     

512例胆管细胞癌的临床及预后特点

目的： 胆管细胞癌(cholangiocarcinoma，CCA)恶性程度较高，总体预后较差，初诊时分期较晚，治疗手 段有效率欠佳。本研究探索影响CCA发生、发展的临床特点及预后相关因素，以期为CCA的早期诊断及临床治疗提 供潜在的手段。方法： 回顾性分析中南大学湘雅二医院2002 年以来经病理确诊且临床资料完善的512 例CCA患者的 病历资料。利用Kaplan-Meier 法绘制生存曲线、log-rank 进行单因素分析，多元Cox回归法对有意义的变量进行多因 素分析。结果： CCA发病率≤60 岁者高于>60 岁者(61.13% vs 38.87%)，男性略高于女性(52.54% vs 47.46%)，糖类抗 原19-9(carbohydrate antigen 19-9，CA19-9)≥35 μg/L 者占66.21%，病理分期III 和IV 期患者居多(分别占49.22%和 17.58%)。单因素分析发现ALB，ALP，CA19-9 等因素与预后相关，多因素Cox 生存分析发现ALP，CA19-9，肿瘤 最大直径等是CCA预后独立影响因素。结论：CCA发病率≤60 岁人群较高，初诊时分期较晚，CA19-9 是较为敏感的 实验室指标。ALP，CA19-9，肿瘤最大直径，合并子瘤，肝硬化及TNM分期是影响CCA预后的独立因素。     

HPLC-CAD测定羟基脲胶囊含量及有关物质

目的 建立测定羟基脲胶囊含量及有关物质检查的HPLC-CAD方法。方法 采用Phenomenx Luna^® NH₂柱（250 mm×4.6 mm，10 μm，100Ǻ），柱温为40℃；以乙腈-水（82：18）为流动相，流速为1.0 mL·min^-1，检测器为电雾式检测器，雾化温度50℃，进样量10 μL。结果 在选定的色谱条件下，主峰与各杂质峰均能良好分离。采用外标法计算羟基脲胶囊的含量，采用主成分自身对照法计算脲的含量；羟基脲和脲分别在0.304 8~1.270 0 mg·mL^-1（r=0.999 8）、0.241 1~1.004 6 mg·mL^-1（r=1.000 0）内与峰面积呈良好线性关系。脲的检测限和定量限分别为2.82 ng和8.46 ng。结论 本方法操作简便，专属性强，结果可靠，可用于羟基脲胶囊的含量及有关物质的测定。     

A 90-day study of three bruchid-resistant mung bean cultivars in Sprague-Dawley rats

Mung bean has been traditionally and widely used as an edible and medicinal plant in the South and Southeast Asia. Bruchid resistance mung bean has more potential in commercial use, but scarcely been evaluated for safety through standard in vivo toxicological studies. In the present study, subchronic oral toxicity studies of bruchid-resistant mung bean were designed and conducted in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats for 90 days. During the subchronic oral toxicity study, no mortality and toxicologically significant changes in clinical signs, food consumption, opthalmoscopic examination, hematology, clinical biochemistry, macroscopic findings, organ weights and histopathological examination were noted in animal administered diet containing bruchid-resistant mung bean. These results demonstrated that bruchid resistant mung bean is as safe as conventional mung bean.     

Single source dual energy CT: What is the optimal monochromatic energy level for the analysis of the lung parenchyma?

ObjectiveTo determine the optimal monochromatic energy level for lung parenchyma analysis in spectral CT.MethodsAll 50 examinations (58% men, 64.8 ± 16yo) from an IRB-approved prospective study on single-source dual energy chest CT were retrospectively included and analyzed.Monochromatic images in lung window reconstructed every 5 keV from 40 to 140 keV were independently assessed by two chest radiologists. Based on the overall image quality and the depiction/conspicuity of parenchymal lesions, each reader had to designate for every patient the keV level providing the best diagnostic and image quality.Results72% of the examinations exhibited parenchymal lesions.Reader 1 picked the 55 keV monochromatic reconstruction in 52% of cases, 50 in 30% and 60 in 18%. Reader 2 chose 50 keV in 52% cases, 55 in 40%, 60 in 6% and 40 in 2%. The 50 and 55 keV levels were chosen by at least one reader in 64% and 76% of all patients, respectively.Merging 50 and 55 keV into one category results in an optimal setting selected by reader 1 in 82% of patients and by reader 2 in 92%, with a 74% concomitant agreement.ConclusionThe best image quality for lung parenchyma in spectral CT is obtained with the 50–55 keV monochromatic reconstructions.     

米索前列醇促宫颈成熟1天后低宫颈评分的处理方法比较

目的对应用米索前列醇促宫颈成熟治疗1天后,宫颈Bishop评分仍低于6分的孕妇,比较3种不同处理方法的有效性和安全性。方法选取2016年1月至2019年5月海淀区妇幼保健院诊治的162例孕妇作为研究对象。均具有引产指征且已应用米索前列醇阴道上药促宫颈成熟1天。将其随机分为甲、乙、丙三组,甲组继续应用米索前列醇阴道上药1天,共59人,乙组改用宫颈水囊促宫颈成熟1天,共60人,丙组直接缩宫素静点1天,共43人。结果①三组宫颈评分比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组干预前后宫颈条件比较,甲组及乙组干预后宫颈评分明显高于入组前宫颈评分,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),丙组干预后宫颈评分与干预前宫颈评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。②三组阴道分娩率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。三组引产失败率比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。阴道分娩出血量、产后出血≥500mL的产妇数、宫腔感染/产褥感染的产妇数、新生儿感染数、1min Apgar评分及新生儿体重三组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于应用米索前列醇促宫颈成熟1天后宫颈评分低的孕妇,继续应用宫颈水囊有效且安全。     

Regional coherence changes in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease: a combined structural and resting-state functional MRI study

Recent functional imaging studies have indicated that the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be associated with the changes in spontaneous low-frequency (<0.08 Hz) blood oxygenation level-dependent fluctuations (LFBF) measured during a resting state. The purpose of this study was to examine regional LFBF coherence patterns in early AD and the impact of regional brain atrophy on the functional results. Both structural MRI and resting-state functional MRI scans were collected from 14 AD subjects and 14 age-matched normal controls. We found significant regional coherence decreases in the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCu) in the AD patients when compared with the normal controls. Moreover, the decrease in the PCC/PCu coherence was correlated with the disease progression measured by the Mini-Mental State Exam scores. The changes in LFBF in the PCC/PCu may be related to the resting hypometabolism in this region commonly detected in previous positron emission tomography studies of early AD. When the regional PCC/PCu atrophy was controlled, these results still remained significant but with a decrease in the statistical power, suggesting that the LFBF results are at least partly explained by the regional atrophy. In addition, we also found increased LFBF coherence in the bilateral cuneus, right lingual gyrus and left fusiform gyrus in the AD patients. These regions are consistent with previous findings of AD-related increased activation during cognitive tasks explained in terms of a compensatory-recruitment hypothesis. Finally, our study indicated that regional brain atrophy could be an important consideration in functional imaging studies of neurodegenerative diseases.     

应用28通道近红外光谱分析恢复过程中老年期抑郁症患者前额叶的激活特征

目的：认知功能障碍是老年期抑郁症的可逆性症状，试验以认知功能研究为突破口，采用28通道的近红外光谱技术分析处于恢复过程中的老年期抑郁症患者在执行词语流畅性测验时前额叶的激活特点，探讨老年期抑郁症的发病机制。 方法：①分组：患者组为2006～03／12首都医科大学附属北京安定医院收治的12例处于恢复过程中的老年期抑郁症患者，入组时符合DSM-4有关重度和中度抑郁发作或复发的标准诊断，首次发病年龄≥60岁，均服用SSRIs类抗抑郁药物治疗。对照组为12例性别、年龄和教育程度与患者组相匹配的健康志愿者。所有受试者排除脑器质性病变：②试验方法：所有受试者接受近红外光谱测查，在28通道的CW5（TechEnInc．American）NIRS系统上完成。通过近红外光谱系统监测被试者在执行词语流畅性测验任务过程中，前额叶氧合血红蛋白和脱氧血红蛋白浓度的变化，从而反映前额叶认知任务相关的激活效应。采用组块设计的词语流畅性测验作为认知激活任务，任务范式包括词语重复任务和词语流畅性任务两种试验。 结果：24例受试者均进入结果分析。①在健康老年人和处于恢复过程中的老年期抑郁症患者，词语流畅性测验能够激活双侧前额叶．未发现半球单侧化激活效应。②处于恢复过程中的老年期抑郁症患者在词语流畅性测验任务过程中，左侧前额叶激活效应较对照组减弱。③尽管在健康老年人和处于恢复过程中的老年期抑郁症患者，近红外光谱显示了不同的激活模式，但词语流畅性测验的成绩不存在显著性的组间差异（P〉0．05）。 结论：处于恢复过程中的老年期抑郁症患者存在词语流畅性测验相关的功能性左侧前额叶功能减退，微血管功能失调和多巴胺系统异常也许在老年期抑郁症的病理生理学机制中起重要作用。     

合用参附汤和乌拉地尔治疗难治性充血性心力衰竭疗效观察

目的：探讨中西医结合治疗难治性充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）的疗效。方法：２８例ＣＨＦ患者随机分为治疗组１８例和对照组１０例，治疗组在对照组治疗基础上加用参附汤。观察治疗前后症状、心率、血压、左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）和乌拉地尔药物消耗量等指标。结果：治疗后治疗组总有效率为９４．４％，明显优于对照组总有效率（８０．０％）。治疗组治疗后心功能提高２级者１１例，提高１级者６例，无改变１例；对照组心功能提高２级者３例，提高１级者５例，无改变２例。治疗组治疗后心率较对照组明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），ＬＶＥＦ较对照组显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。乌拉地尔２组平均用量分别为（１２６６±６４）ｍｇ和（１６７６±７６）ｍｇ，有显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：乌拉地尔和参附汤合用治疗ＣＨＦ疗效较好