补硒糖尿病大鼠新基因片段的鉴定及组织表达

目的:克隆补硒糖尿病大鼠差异显示的新基因片段并检测其在各组织中的表达水平。方法:对前期研究中分离到的补硒糖尿病大鼠与糖尿病对照组之间差异显示的基因片段进行克隆、测序、同源性分析,对发现的5条新基因(Se-2、Se-6、Se-10、Se-14、Se-18)设计特异性引物,进行RT-PCR检测,以排除假阳性并观察其在各组大鼠肝脏中的表达水平及在不同组织中的表达分布。结果:经克隆、测序、同源性分析,发现有5个基因片段(Se-2、Se-6、Se-10、Se-14、Se-18)在GenBank中未找到高同源性的序列,为新的EST片段。其中4个基因片段(Se-2、Se-10、Se-14、Se-18)在糖尿病对照组、糖尿病补硒组肝脏中的表达量均低于正常对照组,糖尿病补硒组的表达量高于糖尿病对照组(P<0.05);在大鼠多种组织中表达水平也不甚相同。4个新基因片段被GenBank收录,接收号分别为AY952968、DQ351839、DQ351838、DQ351840。结论:分离并克隆的4条与补硒有关的糖尿病大鼠差异显示的新基因片段,可能与硒改善糖尿病糖脂代谢紊乱有一定关系。     

一种新型生物人工肝支持系统

目的构建一套拥有独立知识产权的新型生物人工肝支持系统,用以满足生物型人工肝临床治疗的需要。方法针对肝细胞生长过程中的各种特殊环境要求,设计了以关联控制为核心的控制算法,结合PID技术、预测控制等方法,实现了对各种指标的稳定控制。实验中使用HepG2连续培养60h,用以验证生物反应器的实际效果。结果温度控制在37℃±0.2℃,溶解氧含量控制在95%±10%,酸碱度控制在(7.3±0.2)pH。细胞连续培养60h,经镜检,其效果优于对照组。结论细胞生长过程上的各项主要指标控制稳定,细胞在本系统中生长状态良好,为下一步的实验奠定了坚实的基础。     

社区老年骨质疏松高危人群干预的生命质量评价

目的了解社区老年骨质疏松高危人群生命质量基本情况,探讨采取健康教育等干预措施对该人群生命质量的影响。方法采用美国简明健康测量量表(SF-36量表)修订中文版对北京中关村社区(干预组)和学院路社区(对照组)老年骨质疏松高危人群进行干预前调查,然后对干预组实施健康教育。干预后再次对两组进行SF-36量表调查,评价生命质量改变情况。结果干预前两组人群生命质量的8个维度中仅有BP和RE得分间差别有统计学意义(P<0.01);干预后两组人群生命质量的PF、BP、VT、SF、RE、MH得分间差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后干预组生命质量的PF、RP、BP、GH、SF、MH得分与干预前比较,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后对照组生命质量的PF和RP得分与干预前比较,差别有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采取健康教育等干预措施可以使老年骨质疏松高危人群在生理、心理、社会功能方面的生命质量得到改善。     

Expression of P16(INK4a) in testis of rhesus monkey during heat stress and testosterone undecanoate induced azoospermia or oligozoospermia

Previous studies on azoospermia or oligozoospermia induced by heat stress or high doses of testosterone mainly focused on germ cell apoptosis; no data regarding their possible effect on spermatogonia mitosis are available. We have established unilateral cryptorchid and testosterone undecanoate (TU)-treated monkey models and examined expression of P16(INK4a) in the testis to look at its possible role in azoospermia or oligozoospermia induced by the heat stress or the TU treatment. The results showed that both heat stress and TU were capable of inducing expression of P16(INK4a) mainly in spermatogonia and other types of germ cells as well as Sertoli cells at the later stage of germ cell apoptosis, namely on Day 10 after operation or on Day 60 after TU injection. It is, therefore, suggested for the first time that P16(INK4a) protein may inhibit the spermatogonia mitosis in the testis at the later stage of the germ cell apoptosis, resulting in arrest of spermatogenesis.     

Avermectin粗粉的结晶工艺研究与杂质分析

采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）-电喷雾串级质谱（ESI-MS-MS）的方法对avermectin粗粉中的杂质进行定性分析。确定了主要杂质成分为：与Bla结构相类似的B1b、A1a、A1b、A2a、A2b、B2a 6个组份，其中A1a、B1b、B2a多次结晶也不易去除。随后考察了avermectin粗粉在甲醇、乙醇、正丁醇和丙酮中的重结晶，甲醇和正丁醇对杂质的去除效果更好；乙醇与丙酮相当，但对杂质去除的选择性不同。     

羊毛硫细菌素生物合成基因簇的遗传分析

羊毛硫细菌素是一类核糖体合成且经翻译后修饰的具有生物活性的小肽，通常含有羊毛硫氨酸及β-甲基羊毛硫氨酸等稀有氨基酸。近年来随着来源于乳酸乳球菌的nisin（乳链菌肽）被广泛地用作天然食品防腐剂和对其研究的不断深入，羊毛硫细菌素已引起研究者广泛关注。因其无耐药性，羊毛硫细菌素还极有可能替代传统抗生素应用于生物医药领域。羊毛硫细菌素的生物合成基因包括结构基因、修饰基因、加工基因、转运基因、免疫基因、调节基因，它们成簇排列于产生菌的染色体或质粒上，构成数个转录单元。本文综述了近年来羊毛硫细菌素生物合成基因簇遗传分析的研究进展。     

血管新生调节因子VEGF及其受体在恒河猴正常妊娠和药物流产胎盘中的表达

目的:研究血管新生调节因子VEGF及其受体Flt-1、KDR在恒河猴正常妊娠和药物流产胎盘组织中的表达。方法:用免疫组化方法检测妊娠30天的恒河猴上述蛋白在胎盘中的表达。结果:VEGF蛋白主要表达于胎盘绒毛和子宫内膜,在母胎界面和子宫内膜血管中显著高表达;KDR蛋白的表达模式与VEGF类似;Flt-1蛋白在两组胎盘中的表达无显著差异。VEGF和KDR在药物流产胎盘中的表达量明显低于正常妊娠胎盘。结论:VEGF、Flt-1及KDR在恒河猴妊娠早期参与子宫内膜和胎盘发育过程中的血管新生,在胎盘绒毛的浸润以及腺上皮细胞分化及其分泌等过程中也发挥着重要作用;流产药物可能通过下调VEGF和KDR蛋白的表达,影响了血管发生和胎盘发育,增加了流产机会。     

麻黄植物细胞工程的关键技术及研究进展

麻黄是医药工业的重要药源，其资源短缺是制约麻黄医药产业发展的瓶颈之一。本文在论述麻黄的资源分布和医药应用价值的基础上，总结和分析了国内外麻黄细胞工程的研究进展，讨论了应用细胞工程解决麻黄资源短缺的关键技术。     

Expression of androgen receptor mRNA in the brain of Gekko gecko: implications for understanding the role of androgens in controlling auditory and vocal processes

The neuroanatomical distribution of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA-containing cells in the brain of a vocal lizard, Gekko gecko, was mapped using in situ hybridization. Particular attention was given to auditory and vocal nuclei. Within the auditory system, the cochlear nuclei, the central nucleus of the torus semicircularis, the nucleus medialis, and the medial region of the dorsal ventricular ridge contained moderate numbers of labeled neurons. Neurons labeled with the AR probe were located in many nuclei related to vocalization. Within the hindbrain, the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve, the vagal part of the nucleus ambiguus, and the dosal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve contained many neurons that exhibited strong expression of AR mRNA. Neurons located in the peripheral nucleus of the torus in the mesencephalon exhibited moderate levels of hybridization. Intense AR mRNA expression was also observed in neurons within two other areas that may be involved in vocalization, the medial preoptic area and the hypoglossal nucleus. The strongest mRNA signals identified in this study were found in cells of the pallium, hypothalamus, and inferior nucleus of the raphe. The expression patterns of AR mRNA in the auditory and vocal control nuclei of G. gecko suggest that neurons involved in acoustic communication in this species, and perhaps related species, are susceptible to regulation by androgens during the breeding season. The significance of these results for understanding the evolution of reptilian vocal communication is discussed.