特发性黄斑裂孔的超声检查与光相干断层扫描结果对比分析

特发性黄斑裂孔(IMH)为黄斑中心凹前切线方向玻璃体皮质的收缩造成Mtiller细胞锥的破裂,进而导致中心凹全层的缺损和裂孔前混浊物的形成.病理学显示其周围有神经上皮层的脱离或层间水肿,或伴有视网膜前膜,部分可观察到玻璃体皮质牵拉孔边,而裂孔盖膜常翘起于孔的一边或漂浮在邻近视网膜的玻璃体腔中[1,2].     

2016—2018年上海市新泾社区糖尿病眼病干预效果分析

目的分析2016—2018年上海市新泾社区糖尿病眼病的社区干预效果。方法依托"上海市糖尿病眼病综合防治服务模式建立"项目, 以2016年上海市新泾社区未患糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的且接受社区糖尿病眼病干预的糖尿病患者为研究对象, 以DR发病率、视力、对DR的认知度为研究指标, 分析糖尿病眼病的社区干预效果。结果共纳入糖尿病患者537例, 经社区干预, DR的发病率为7.6%, 糖尿病病程(OR= 1.065)、糖化血红蛋白(OR= 1.090)是DR发病的危险因素。干预前后单眼低视力、双眼低视力的患者分别为27例(5.0%)、8例(1.5%)和19例(3.5%)、7例(1.3%)。干预后糖尿病患者对DR防治知识的认知度明显提高, 定期到眼科接受检查、增强饮食控制以及体育锻炼的比例均有升高。结论对糖尿病眼病进行社区干预, 可能有利于提高糖尿病患者对糖尿病眼病的认知水平, 降低DR的发病率。     

上海市江宁街道20岁及以上人群干眼的流行病学调查

Objective To investigate the prevalence of dry eye in populations equal or over 20 years old in Jiangning District, Shanghai, China. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. From September 2008 to January 2009, 6 small districts including 21 102 people of Jiangning District were randomly selected as survey venues by Department of Ophthalmology in First People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University. Then, 1266 people as the selected residents were enrolled, which was figured out through the random cluster sampling procedure. Every participant completed dry eye questionnaire, the ocular surface disease index (OSDI), and a series of examination including slit-lamp microscope, tear-film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer Ⅰ test, and fluorescein staining of the cornea (F1). The diagnosis of dry eye was referred to the well-accepted domestic diagnostic criteria. The SPSS11.0 software was used to analyze the database, t test,χ2 test, one-way-ANOVA and Logistic regression were used for analysis. Results One thousand and eighty five residents finally took part in this study, and the inclusion ratio was 85.70%. Three hundred and twenty six individuals, including 101 men and 225 women, were diagnosed as dry eye, and the prevalence rate was 30.05%. The prevalence of dry eye in the female (33.78%) was higher than that of the male (24.11%) (χ2=11.46, P<0.01). The prevalence of dry eye in people over 50 years old was higher than that under 50 years (χ2=94.50, P<0.01). The figure of Schirmer Ⅰ test and BUT decreased in elder people, at the same time the scores of F1 and MGD increased. Meanwhile, the score of OSDI in dry eye patients was significantly higher than that in non-dry eye individuals. The relative risk factors of dry eye were gender, age, wearing contact lens, long-time using of eye solutions, taking anti-allergy drugs. Conclusions The prevalence of dry eye in female is higher than that in the male. And the prevalence of dry eye increases following the aging process. Relative risk factors of dry eye are gender, age, wearing contact lens, long-time using of eye solutions, taking anti-allergy drugs.     

人工晶体眼的视网膜脱离85例诊治分析

人工晶体植入后的人工晶体儿61视网膜脱离（Pseudophakic Retinal Detachment PPRD）是一类特殊的视网膜脱离（Retinaidetachment RD），二者起病急、病变重、诊疗困难、预后差。近年来，随着老龄化人口数量的增加，白内障手术的大量开展，随之PPRD患者亦不断增加．现将2003-2006年我们治疗的89例95眼PPRD报告如下。     

白内障手术患者IOL-Master和A超眼内生物学测量比较

目的 比较IOL-Master仪与A型超声(A超)在测量白内障手术患者中央前房深度、眼轴长度及人工晶体上的差异.方法 选取接受白内障手术的患者120例138眼,术前分别采用IOL-Master仪和A超完成中央前房深度以及眼轴的测量,比较测量结果的差异.将患眼平均分为IOL-Master组和A超组,应用SRK-T公式计算人工晶体度数;超声乳化联合折叠式人工晶体植入术后随访3个月以上,行屈光检查比较两组在人工晶体测量结果上的准确性.结果 术前采用IOL-Master与A超测量得到的平均中央前房深度和平均眼轴长度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但在高度近视眼中两种测量结果的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).随访期末,术眼平均等效球镜度数与预期值差异≤0.50 D和≤1.00 D者,两组差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);但在高度近视眼中差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 IOL-Master仪与A超测量的术前前房深度和眼轴的结果一致,但在高度近视眼中IOL-Master的准确性较好.     

囊袋收缩综合征致人工晶体脱位一例报道

囊袋收缩综合征是白内障晶体摘除、人工晶状体囊袋植入手术后,晶状体前囊纤维化、囊袋收缩、撕囊区面积缩小的一种综合征,可引起人工晶体位置偏移[1-3].本文报道一例因囊袋收缩综合征而导致的人工晶体脱位的病例,并结合文献复习讨论.     

硅油填充眼的B超图像分析

目的：探讨硅油填充眼的B超声像特征和方式。方法：复杂视网膜脱离术中或术后注入硅油37眼,记录其在A．仰位、B．坐位、C．俯位和D．侧位四种不同头位时的超声声像图,按A＋B,A＋B＋C,A＋B＋C＋D分三组分析,号临床检查结果比较。结果：硅油在声像图上表现为均匀的无回声暗区,或内部散在点状、团状回声。乳化时硅油内出现多量高强回声光团。B或D位下可见上方硅油后球壁明显“后移”,并可估计硅油在眼内的容积。C位下可见较清晰的视网膜脱离回声光带。A＋B、A＋B＋C和A＋B＋C＋D三组的敏感度分别为54．5％、81．8％和81．8％,特异度分别为100％、94．4％和100％。结论：硅油内超声波衰减多,A、B、和D位下球壁回声明显减弱,难以辨清。而C位在有硅油眼超声诊断中优势明显,联合多种头位仔细检查可以大大提高诊断准确率。硅油乳化在超声下有特殊的声像图表现,可资鉴别。     

环扎加压术后黄斑表面膜形成和B超图像分析

目的：探讨视网膜脱离环扎加压手术后继发性黄斑表面膜（secondary premacular menmbrane,SPMM)的发生机理。方法：34例34眼SPMM,分析其形成与手术前后超声图像。结果：B超下,SPMM表现为黄斑区无异常,粗糙感或带状回声,和临床检查并不一一对应,B超下不少后极部玻璃体部脱离眼临床检查可见黄斑区有玻璃体样物残留,而玻璃体在后极部有部分粘连和分离眼可形成从黄斑区旁发生的SPMM,结论：局部残留的玻璃体或黄斑区附近特殊的解剖结构可能为SPMM发生的重要条件。     

重视屈光发育档案中晶状体屈光参数的精确测量

屈光发育档案的建立有助于了解近视发生发展的规律,进而找到有效的近视防控手段,遏制目前我国近视低龄化、高度化的发展势头。随着研究的深入,结合晶状体在青少年儿童屈光发育中的重要作用,我们认为,应将晶状体屈光参数补充到档案中,建立更为精细化的屈光发育档案,并且开展长期、全面、规范的纵向队列研究,这对于明确青少年儿童眼正视化过程晶状体屈光力的变化,探索其与相关视觉反馈机制的联系等都具有独特的意义。