中国老年人群慢性病患病状况和疾病负担研究

目的 掌握我国老年人群主要慢性病患病情况和疾病负担,为制定慢性病防控政策和合理配置卫生资源提供科学依据。方法 采用具有全国和省级代表性的中国慢性病及其危险因素监测数据,分析我国≥ 60岁居民慢性病患病情况。利用全球疾病负担研究中国数据,分析我国老年人群慢性病疾病负担。结果 我国≥ 60岁居民高血压、糖尿病、高胆固醇血症患病率分别为58.3%、19.4%和10.5%,75.8%的居民患≥ 1种慢性病,女性均高于男性,城市高于农村;随着年龄的增加慢性病患病率增加。≥ 70岁居民伤残调整寿命年构成中,心脑血管疾病（39.11%）、癌症（15.40%）、COPD（10.48%）占前3位。结论 老年人群主要慢性病患病率高,3/4的人患≥ 1种慢性病,慢性病疾病负担不断加重。     

中国8个省份50岁及以上人群跌倒伤害及其危险因素横断面研究

目的 估计中国8个省份≥50岁人群跌倒伤害发生率和人群分布情况,分析跌倒伤害相关的生理、心理和社会危险因素。方法 WHO“全球老龄化与成人健康研究”（SAGE）中国项目第一轮横断面数据,采用两水平（个体层面和社区层面）logistic模型按城乡进行分层分析相关因素与跌倒伤害的关系。结果 本研究推算中国8个省份≥50岁老年人群中,跌倒伤害的发生率为3.2%。多元分析发现在城市地区,增龄、罹患≥3种的慢性病（OR=2.55,95% CI：1.41～4.64）可以增大跌倒伤害的发生危险;在农村地区,罹患抑郁（OR=4.33,95% CI：2.52～7.42）和罹患≥3种慢性病（OR=2.46,95% CI：1.37～4.41）也可以增大跌倒伤害的发生危险。结论 本研究提供了一个基于中国8个省份≥50岁抽样人群跌倒伤害发生率。此外,本研究还发现增龄和共患多种慢性病会增大跌倒伤害的风险,提示采取措施防止和延缓老年人群慢性病发病可能有助于降低跌倒伤害的发生的概率。     

1990-2019年北京市和上海市帕金森病的疾病负担分析

目的 本研究旨在分析1990-2019年北京市和上海市帕金森病的疾病负担指标及变化趋势.方法 利用2019年全球疾病负担(GBD)研究数据,使用患病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年(DALYs)指标分析北京市和上海市帕金森病的疾病负担现状,并通过1990-2019年的变化率量化上述指标的长期变化趋势.按性别和年龄分层分析北京...     

江苏省心血管病高危人群中高血压患者血压控制的随访研究

目的 探讨心血管病高危人群中高血压患者血压随访控制情况,为高血压及心血管病防治提供理论依据和参考。方法 选取2016―2019年参与项目的心血管病高危人群中20 091名高血压患者作为研究对象,对研究对象进行两次随访。采用广义估计方程对血压控制情况进行分析。结果 在心血管病高危人群中,第1次随访血压控制率为37.8%,第2次随访血压控制率为32.8%。吸烟者、城市居民以及受教育程度越高和家庭年收入越高的人群血压越易控制,而高血压知晓者、饮酒者和BMI高者血压均不易得到控制(均有P<0.05)。结论 江苏省心血管病高危人群中高血压患者的血压控制水平还有待于提高,应加强重点人群的血压防控工作,且需进行规范化的血压管理和有效的干预措施来提高控制效果。     

Risk factors for esophago-jejunal anastomosis leakage after total gastrectomy for cancer. A multicenter retrospective study of the Italian research group for gastric cancer

BackgroundMany Eastern reports attempted to identify predictive variables for esophago-jejunal anastomosis leakage (EJAL) after total gastrectomy for cancer. There are no definitive answers about reliable risk factors for EJAL. This retrospective study shows the largest Western series focused on this topic.MethodsThis is a multicenter retrospective study analyzing patients’ datasets collected by 18 Italian referral Centres of the Italian Research Group for Gastric Cancer (GIRCG) from 2000 to 2018. The inclusion criteria were pathological diagnosis of gastric and esophageal (Siewert III) carcinoma requiring total gastrectomy. The primary end point of risk analysis was the occurrence of EJAL; secondary end points were post-operative (30-day) morbidity and mortality, length of stay (LoS), and survival.ResultsData of 1750 patients submitted to total gastrectomy were collected. EJAL developed in 116 (6.6%) patients and represented the 26.3% of all the 441 observed post-operative surgical complications. EJAL diagnosis was followed by a reoperation in 39 (33.6%) patients and by an endoscopic/radiological procedure in 30 cases (25.9%). In 47 patients (40.5%) EJAL was managed with conservative approach. Post-operative LoS and mortality were significantly higher after EJAL occurrence (27 days versus 12 days and 8.6% versus 1.6%, respectively). At risk analysis, comorbidities (particularly, if respiratory), minimally invasive surgery, extended lymphadenectomy, and anastomotic technique resulted significant predictive factors for EJAL. EJAL did not significantly affect survival.ConclusionsThese results were consistent with Asian experiences: the frequency of EJAL and its higher rate observed in patients with comorbidities or after minimally invasive approach were confirmed.     

Metabolic syndrome-related sarcopenia is associated with worse prognosis in patients with gastric cancer: A prospective study

ObjectivesSarcopenia and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are associated with the prognosis from malignant tumors. However, evidence of the relationship between sarcopenia and MetS among gastric cancer (GC) patients following radical gastrectomy is lacking. This study assessed the association between preoperative sarcopenia and MetS among GC patients and analyzed the prognosis of patients with different malnutrition statuses.MethodsWe prospectively assessed the preoperative statuses of sarcopenia and MetS among patients who underwent radical gastrectomy from July 2014 to December 2017. We combined sarcopenia and MetS to generate four groups: MetS-related sarcopenia group (MSS), sarcopenia group (S), MetS group (MS), and normal group (N).ResultsA total of 749 patients with resectable GC were included in this study. Preoperative MetS was associated with sarcopenia (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression presented that MetS-related sarcopenia (OR = 2.445; p = 0.010) and sarcopenia alone (OR = 2.117; p = 0.001) were independent predictors of grade Ⅱ and above complications, while MetS alone was not (p = 0.342). Cox regression analysis revealed that MetS-related sarcopenia led to the worst prognosis in the four groups (MSS vs MS: HR = 3.555, p < 0.001; MSS vs N: HR = 2.020, p = 0.003; MSS vs S: HR = 1.763, p = 0.021). However, the MetS group had better prognosis than the normal group (MS vs N: HR = 0.568, p = 0.048).ConclusionPreoperative MetS was associated with sarcopenia among GC patients. MetS-related sarcopenia resulted in a significantly worse prognosis. The long-term prognoses of patients with sarcopenia were impaired by preoperative MetS, while patients without sarcopenia benefited. Thus, patients with both sarcopenia and MetS require more medical interventions.     

Prevalence and related influencing factors of depression symptoms among empty-nest older adults in China

BackgroundThe phenomenon of empty-nest older adults has raised growing concerns in contemporary Chinese society. In this study, we examined the prevalence and related influencing factors of depression symptoms among empty-nest older adults in China at a national level.MethodsThe database of the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (N = 8549, aged ≥ 60) was used. The 10-item version of the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was employed to measure depression symptoms.ResultsThe prevalence of depression symptoms was 34.7 % for empty-nest respondents, 32.2 % for respondents living with a spouse only and 43.4 % for those living alone. Multivariable logistic regression indicated that, compared with the non-empty-nest respondents, older adults living alone were more susceptible to depression symptoms (OR 1.194, 95 %CI 1.016–1.405) whereas older adults living with a spouse only were not exposed to an elevated probability of being depressed (OR 0.945, 95 %CI 0.847–1.055). Multivariable logistic regression also suggested that empty nesters who were female, lived in rural areas, had a lower frequency of children’s visits, had lower socioeconomic status and had worse physical health conditions were more vulnerable to depression symptoms.ConclusionsThe association between empty-nest status and later-life depression is mixed. More concerns should be raised about the mental health of empty nesters living alone. Increased attention should also be paid to empty nesters who are female, rural residents and have low contact frequency with their children, disadvantaged socioeconomic status and poor physical health conditions.     

健康教育转岗干预对计生专干健康教育相关政策及健康知识知晓情况的影响

目的探讨健康教育转岗干预对计生专干健康教育相关政策及健康知识知晓情况的影响。方法2020年5月对广州市白云区342名基层计生专干,采用调查法,运用PROCEDE-PROCEED计划、实施与评价模型,比较干预前后计生专干对健康教育相关政策及健康知识的知晓率。结果干预后中华人民共和国基本医疗卫生与健康促进法知晓率为99.12%,实施健康中国战略知晓率为98.54%,均高于干预前的64.33%、53.80%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。干预后科学健康观知晓率为96.24%,健康信息知晓率为94.44%,传染病防治知晓率为97.66%,慢性病防治知晓率为97.88%,均高于干预前的79.53%、54.53%、87.43%、79.82%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.0001)。结论该干预模式能提高基层计生专干队伍的整体素质和业务能力,打造一支适应新时期卫生健康事业发展需要的基层健康教育宣传队伍,具有较好的推广应用价值。     

不同空间权重矩阵对我国心血管疾病死亡空间自相关分析的影响

目的 探索不同空间权重矩阵对我国人群心血管疾病（CVD）死亡空间自相关分析结果的影响及其适用性。方法 使用全国人口死亡信息登记管理系统死因监测数据，构建基于邻接关系的Rook矩阵、Queen矩阵，以及基于距离关系的K最近邻矩阵、距离阈值矩阵，分别进行2018年我国区县水平CVD死亡全局及局部空间自相关分析。结果 使用4类26种空间权重矩阵分析我国CVD死亡全局自相关均有统计学意义，全局Moran''s I统计量在一阶Rook矩阵（0.406）、一阶Queen矩阵（0.406）、5个空间单元K最近邻矩阵（0.409）以及距离阈值100 km（0.358）时达到最大。同时，我国CVD死亡呈现局部聚集性分布，不同空间权重矩阵在探测CVD死亡"高-高""低-低""高-低""低-高"空间聚集性方面存在一定差异。结论 我国CVD死亡存在显著全局及局部自相关性。结合不同的空间权重矩阵进行综合分析，有助于深入掌握我国区县水平CVD死亡空间分布特征，为有针对性地CVD早死区域防控、合理配置资源提供依据。     

河北省中老年人代谢综合征患病现状及影响因素

  目的  了解河北省中老年人代谢综合征（metabolic syndrome,MS）的患病现状及影响因素。  方法  利用京津冀地区生活社区自然人群慢性病队列研究数据,分析河北省七个区县4 546名40~80岁居民MS的患病情况,采用多因素Logistic回归分析模型探讨MS患病的相关影响因素。  结果  MS患病率为25.30%,其中男性患病率为28.59%,女性为23.09%;汉族患病率为28.15%,满族为21.07%。MS各组分中,超重肥胖、高血压、高血糖和血脂紊乱的患病率分别为50.99%、46.70%、22.06%和43.16%。多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,女性（OR=0.69,95% CI:0.57~0.83,P＜0.001）、满族（OR=0.68,95% CI:0.59~0.79,P＜0.001）和较高的文化程度（相对于小学及以下文化者,高中/初中和大专及以上OR分别为0.83和0.75）是保护因素,高龄（与40~岁年龄组相比,50~岁、60~岁和70~岁年龄组OR分别为1.81、1.76和1.50）是危险因素。  结论  河北省中老年人MS患病率较高,特别是在高龄、男性、汉族和低文化程度人群中。在对人群进行针对性防控的同时应采取积极措施控制体重。