急性左主干闭塞所致急性心肌梗死的临床特点

目的 回顾性分析急性左主干（LM）闭塞所致急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者的临床表现，总结此类患者的临床特点。方法 从1995年1月至2006年5月，首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院共完成1793例AMI患者的急诊经皮介入治疗（PCI），其中共有15例患者的梗死相关血管为左主干。15例患者均为男性，年龄（43—85）（60．6±10．4）岁。回顾性分析这15位患者的临床资料、造影和介入治疗情况、以及临床随访结果。结果 1例患者表现为aVR导联以外的广泛导联ST段压低，其余14例均表现为急性广泛前壁心肌梗死。10例（66．7％）患者术前存在严重心源性休克，所有患者均在主动脉内球囊反搏（IABP）支持下接受急诊PCI治疗。急性期死亡9例（60．0％），存活的6例患者均完成3个月随访，其中1例于术后4年猝死。对比分析的结果，提示术前存在良好的侧支循环可能是影响此类患者近期预后的影响因素。结论 LM急性闭塞所致的AMI患者病情凶险，心源性休克发生率及急性期死亡率高。IABP支持下急诊PCI治疗可以挽救部分病人的生命和改善预后。     

Left ventricular free wall rupture after acute myocardial infarction(The 21th case)

Case presentation A female patient, 69 years old, retired worker,was hospitalized for retrosternal distress for 16 hours. Her onset of symptom began from activities accompanied by gradual dyspnea. The patient denied history of coronary heart disease but had a history of hypertension.Physical examination on admission:     

急诊PCI冠脉造影无复流左室功能的分析

目的　探讨急症经皮冠脉介入 (PCI)冠脉无复流患者左室功能的临床意义。方法　自1999年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 10月 ,回顾性分析北京朝阳医院心脏中心 4 97例急诊PCI患者的临床和影像资料。急诊PCI即刻 ,在无影响血流的血栓、栓塞、夹层动脉瘤、痉挛情况下 ,冠脉造影前向血流≤TIMI 2级为无复流 ,TIMI 3级为正常血流。冠脉无复流患者 5 8例 ,利用Excel随机函数表 ,由其余 4 39例急诊PCI冠脉前向血流恢复正常的患者中随机抽取 6 0例 ,为正常血流组。结果　无复流和正常血流患者的酶峰值、Killip心功能分级、Q波计数、WMS有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。正常血流患者术后 2周WMS改善 ,LVEF ,CI,SVI增加 (P <0 .0 5 )。正常血流合并心功能不全的患者术后 2周LVEF ,CI,SVI增加 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,LVEDV、LVESV (P <0 .0 1)减少 ;而无复流合并心功能不全的患者LVEDV、LVESV增加 (P<0 .0 1)。结论　无复流患者的心肌损害严重 ,梗死或濒临坏死的心肌范围广泛 ;室壁运动恢复较慢和局部心肌功能不良 ;左室舒缩功能降低     

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗并发冠状动脉穿孔的处理

目的　回顾性分析 8例冠状动脉穿孔的原因、处理及其近期预后。方法　回顾性分析 1995～ 2 0 0 2年 8例冠状动脉穿孔患者的临床资料、造影征象、穿孔原因、处理过程及近期预后和转归 ,其中男 3例 ,女 5例 ,平均年龄为 5 9岁。结果　经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)导丝损伤所致穿孔 4例 ,球囊扩张或支架释放过程中压力过大致血管破裂 4例。 3例行球囊压迫 ,1例行球囊压迫 急诊冠状动脉旁路移植术 (CABG) ,1例行弹簧圈栓堵 带膜支架置入 ,其余 2例小分支穿孔无水乙醇封堵。心包填塞 4例 ,死亡 3例。结论　冠状动脉穿孔是经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)过程中较为凶险的一种并发症 ,部分患者短时间内即可发生心包填塞 ,甚至死亡 ,及时诊断、积极治疗是减少患者病死率的关键     

BuMA与Endeavor冠状动脉支架系统的安全性和有效性评估

目的比较BuMA生物降解药物涂层冠状动脉支架系统与Endeavor冠状动脉支架系统的有效性和安全性。方法采用前瞻性、平行对照、多中心、非劣效性检验研究,国内9个中心参与研究,2008年2月至2008年8月同期入选224例无症状心肌缺血、稳定型或不稳定型心绞痛及心肌梗死超过1周,需要行冠状动脉支架置入术的患者,其中BuMA支架组(试验组)113例,Endeavor支架组(对照组)111例。研究的主要终点为支架置入后(270±30)d使用定量冠状动脉造影(QCA)测定的晚期管腔丢失。次要终点为支架置入后30 d、90 d、180 d、270 d、360 d和540 d的主要不良心血管事件(MACE)、支架血栓事件,并继续随访到术后720 d。结果支架置入后(270±30)d的晚期管腔丢失,BuMA组和Endeavor组分别为0.24 mm和0.50 mm,差异有统计学意义。支架置入后540 d的MACE发生率,BuMA组为6.19%,Endeavor组为8.11%(χ2=0.3097,P=0.5788)。继续随访到术后720 d,MACE发生率,BuMA组仍为6.19%,Endeavor组为9.91%(χ2=1.0533,P=0.3048)。结论 BuMA生物降解药物涂层冠状动脉支架与Endeavor冠状动脉支架相比,能够显著减少晚期管腔丢失,提示BuMA支架在降低支架再狭窄方面可能优于Endeavor支架且具有良好的安全性和有效性。     

青年急性心肌梗死患者直接经皮穿刺冠状动脉介入治疗临床分析

急性心肌梗死(AMI)多发于中老年人[1],但近年来年轻人AMI的发病率有逐渐增加的趋势.为探讨年轻患者AMI的发病特点,评价直接经皮穿刺冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的有效性与安全性,我们对1998年3月至1999年12月在首都医科大学心血管研究所接受直接PCI的34例首次AMI者进行了观察,报告如下.     

急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌再灌注不良对近、远期预后的影响

Objective To explore the prognostic impact of post primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reperfusion status on outcome in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 964 patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI. Electrocardiogram and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) were analyzed by reader blinded to the clinical course. Patients were divided to four groups according to ST segment resolution (STR) and TMPG: group A were patients with good STR and TMPG(425/964), group B were patients with poor STR and good TMPG (239/964), group C were patients with good STR and poor TMPG (113/964) and group D were patients with poor STR and TMPG (113/964). Results Although TIMI grade Ⅲ flow was achieved after mechanical reperfusion, abnormal reperfusion was still present in about 1/3 patients as shown by poor STR or TMPG. Older age, cardiac dysfunction and diabetes, prolonged time of pain to balloon/emergency room are independent risk factors for abnormal reperfusion post PCI. Major aclverse cardiac events events in hospital ( RR = 64. 63, P < 0. 01 ) and during follow up( RR = 11.69, P < 0. 01 ) were significantly higher in group D than in group A. Conclusion Poor post PCI reperfusion status is associated with higher in hospital and during follow up major aclverse cardiac events event in STEMI patients.     

经肱动脉行主动脉内球囊反搏支持下冠状动脉介入治疗一例

患者男性,88岁,因"间断胸闷、憋气3 d,加重15 h"于2009年5月23日入院.既往高脂血症10年,否认高血压病、糖尿病史,无吸烟史.     

急诊经桡动脉冠状动脉介入治疗疗效和安全性评价

Objectives To compare the safety and efficacy of radial artery access versus femoral artery access for percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction population. Methods From June 2004 to December 2006, 446 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous stenting were reviewed retrospectively. The radial artery approach was used in 242 patients, and the femoral artery approach in 204 patients. The success of the procedure, procedure duration, X-ray exposition, volume of contrast, incidence of major adverse cardiac events and complications were compared between the radial artery and femoral artery approach. Results Total procedure duration, X-ray exposition, the immediate success of the procedure and the proportion of patients with reperfusion time above 60min are higher in patients with radial artery acess than that with femoral artery access [(62. 1 ± 23. 4) min vs(56. 8 ± 16. 7)min,(2829. 4 ± 1365.2) mGY vs (2352. 3 ± 903.1) mGY, 4% vs 0.9% and 7.44% vs 2.94%respectively, all P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusions In non-selected patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary stent implantation, the success rate of the radial artery approach is lower than the femoral artery approach and could prolong the reperfusion time. It is suitable to change artery access immediately if abnormality is found via radial artery access.     

急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗

近年来,急性心肌梗死(AMI)的发病率逐年增加,已成为威胁人类生命和健康的常见疾病。治疗AMI的主要目的是迅速而持久地恢复梗死相关血管(IRA)和血流,挽救濒死的心肌。在过去的十余年里,早期静脉溶栓治疗开通IRA的有效性和简便性已被充分证实,但溶栓治疗存在明显的局限性,如IRA再通率低、复发缺血事件和再梗死率较高以及有诸多的禁忌证和出血合并症等。近来国外的随机对照研究已证实,直接经皮冠状动脉成形