Ecological evaluation of heavy metal pollution in the soil of Pb-Zn mines

Ecotoxicology - Soil heavy metal pollution evaluations are a necessary measure for mine ecological control projects. In this study, the heavy metals Pb, Zn and Cd were studied in mining areas,...     

朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖的理化特性及对HepG2细胞脂质堆积的改善作用＊

目的 对比研究朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖酯化还原前后的理化特性，并探讨其改善油酸诱导的肝癌HepG2细胞脂质堆积活性的差异。方法 采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖（EFPA）的均一性和分子量，高效液相色谱法测定EFPA和酯化还原后朝鲜淫羊藿酸性多糖（EFPA-R）的单糖组成；采用油酸（OA）处理HepG2细胞诱导建立脂质蓄积模型，不同浓度EFPA与EFPA-R（10、30、100、300 μg·mL^-1）分别和OA共同作用于细胞24 h，采用CCK-8试剂盒测定细胞存活率，油红O染色观察细胞内脂滴蓄积情况，并采用试剂盒测定细胞内总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）含量。结果 EFPA为成分均一的多糖组分，分子量为125.8 kDa，由甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖醛酸和阿拉伯糖组成，摩尔比为1.7∶7.4∶1.4∶1.8∶1.0，葡萄糖占比最大，EFPA-R由甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖和阿拉伯糖组成，摩尔比为0.8∶10.6∶2.1∶1.0；在10-300 μg·mL^-1范围内，EFPA和EFPA-R对HepG2细胞的抑制作用较弱，作为给药浓度；与空白组相比，模型组细胞中TC、TG含量显著升高（P < 0.01），细胞内红色脂滴显著增多，与模型组相比，EFPA可显著降低细胞中TC、TG含量（P < 0.01），明显减少细胞内红色脂滴（P < 0.05或P < 0.01），EFPA-R干预后细胞则无明显变化。结论 EFPA可明显改善HepG2细胞脂质堆积情况，且呈现剂量依赖性，而半乳糖醛酸（GalA）的存在可能是其抑制HepG2细胞脂质蓄积的关键因素。     

静吸复合麻醉对特重度烧伤患者凝血功能障碍的影响

目的收集特重度烧伤(总TBSA50%以上或三度TBSA20%以上或伴有严重并发症者)患者围术期凝血指标(APTT、PT、FIB、DD和PLT)，分析静吸复合麻醉对患者凝血功能的影响及其临床意义。 方法选取近3年内蒙古医科大学第三附属医院烧伤外科收治的特重度烧伤患者148例，根据入院14 d内的预后分为死亡组和生存组，生存组男性129例，女性9例；年龄24~59岁，平均(43.30±12.90)岁。死亡组男性8例，女性2例；年龄26~63岁，平均(46.19±15.41)岁。收集入院时(T0)，术前(早晨入手术室前，T1)，术毕(送至PACU未拔除气管导管前，T2)及术后2 d(T3)4个时间点的凝血指标，比较两组凝血指标动态差异。 结果死亡组休克期输液量、累计血浆、红细胞输入量显著高于生存组(P<0.01)。T0时，生存组的FIB(1.78±0.32)显著高于死亡组(1.26±0.07)(P<0.05)；T2时，两组APTT、PT均显著缩短(P<0.05)，生存组的FIB(3.86±0.40)显著高于死亡组(2.45±1.02)(P<0.05)；T3时，死亡组PLT显著低于生存组(P<0.01)。 结论特重度烧伤患者在围手术期易出现高凝状态，并且这可能导致患者死亡。静吸复合麻醉和围术期大量液体复苏会促进患者的高凝状态。     

Study on the Value of Ultrasound Elastography Combined with Plasma miRNA Expression in the Early Detection of Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing each year, due to the lack of specific clinical symptoms in the early stage of BC, and the lack of diagnostic methods for early breast cancer. Therefore, identifying an effective diagnostic method for early BC has become urgent. Materials and Methods: Breast lesions with a histological diagnosis that were examined by ultrasonic elastography (UE) in our department from June 2020 to December 2021 were reviewed. qRT-PCR was performed to measure the expression levels of miR-144-5p and miR-26b-5p in the plasma of patients with BC. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) were used to investigate the potential diagnostic value of miR- 144-5p, miR-26b-5p and the elastographic score in BC. Results: The ultrasonic elastography score(UES) was found to be significantly upregulated in BC compared with that in benign breast lesions, and the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.809, 0.717 and 0.806 for distinguishing BC from benign breast lesions, respectively. miR-144-5p and miR-26b- 5p were found to be upregulated in the plasma of BC patients, and miR-144-5p+miR-26b-5p had 0.781 sensitivity and 0.780 specificity for the diagnosis of BC. Furthermore, we found that the diagnostic performance of miR-144-5p and miR-26b-5p combined with UES for BC had 0.913 sensitivity and 0.890 specificity. Conclusions: The combination of plasma miR-144-5p, miR-26b-5p and UES has a very high clinical application value for the early detection of BC.     

痛情绪相关神经递质及神经环路研究进展＊

痛情绪是指因疼痛引发的情绪和情感体验，是疾病过程中最常见的一种情绪。痛情绪相关神经机制非常复杂，但主要与单胺类神经递质、神经肽和某些神经环路有关，笔者将结合目前研究现状分别从以上两方面展开，就痛情绪相关单胺类神经递质和神经肽在受体分类、脑区通路、共疾病以及各神经递质之间的联系和痛情绪相关神经环路中各个蛋白的作用机制等方面进行探讨。     

China special issue on gastrointestinal tumors-Radiological features of pathological complete response in mismatch repair deficient colorectal cancer after neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade: A post hoc analysis of the PICC phase II trial

Neoadjuvant programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade exhibits promising efficacy in patients with mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC). However, discrepancies between radiological and histological findings have been reported in the PICC phase II trial (NCT 03926338). Therefore, we strived to discern radiological features associated with pathological complete response (pCR) based on computed tomography (CT) images. Data were obtained from the PICC trial that included 36 tumors from 34 locally advanced dMMR CRC patients, who received neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade for 3 months. Among the 36 tumors, 28 (77.8%) tumors achieved pCR. There were no statistically significant differences in tumor longitudinal diameter, the percentage change in tumor longitudinal diameter from baseline, primary tumor sidedness, clinical stage, extramural venous invasion status, intratumoral calcification, peritumoral fat infiltration, intestinal fistula and tumor necrosis between the pCR and non-pCR tumors. Otherwise, tumors with pCR had smaller posttreatment tumor maximum thickness (median: 10 mm vs 13 mm, P = .004) and higher percentage decrease in tumor maximum thickness from baseline (52.9% vs 21.6%, P = .005) compared to non-pCR tumors. Additionally, a higher proportion of the absence of vascular sign (P = .003, odds ratio [OR] = 25.870 [95% CI, 1.357-493.110]), nodular sign (P < .001, OR = 189.000 [95% CI, 10.464-3413.803]) and extramural enhancement sign (P = .003, OR = 21.667 [2.848-164.830]) was observed in tumors with pCR. In conclusion, these CT-defined radiological features may have the potential to serve as valuable tools for clinicians in identifying patients who have achieved pCR after neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade, particularly in individuals who are willing to adopt a watch-and-wait strategy.     

Analysis on internal mechanism of zedoary turmeric in treatment of liver cancer based on pharmacodynamic substances and pharmacodynamic groups

Zedoary tumeric (Curcumae Rhizoma, Ezhu in Chinese) has a long history of application and has great potential in the treatment of liver cancer. The anti liver cancer effect of zedoary tumeric depends on the combined action of multiple pharmacodynamic substances. In order to clarify the specific mechanism of zedoary tumeric against liver cancer, this paper first analyzes the mechanism of its single pharmacodynamic substance against liver cancer, and then verifies the joint anti liver cancer mechanism of its "pharmacodynamic group". By searching the research on the anti hepatoma effect of active components of zedoary tumeric in recent years, we found that pharmacodynamic substances, including curcumol, zedoarondiol, curcumenol, curzerenone, curdione, curcumin, germacrone, β-elemene, can act on multi-target and multi-channel to play an anti hepatoma role. For example, curcumin can regulate miR, GLO1, CD133, VEGF, YAP, LIN28B, GPR81, HCAR-1, P53 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR, HSP70/TLR4 and NF-κB. Wnt/TGF/EMT, Nrf2/Keap1, JAK/STAT and other pathways play an anti hepatoma role. Network pharmacological analysis showed that the core targets of the "pharmacodynamic group" for anti-life cancer are AKT1, EGFR, MAPK8, etc, and the core pathways are neuroactive live receiver interaction, nitrogen metabolism, HIF-1 signaling pathway, etc. At the same time, by comparing and analyzing the relationship between the specific mechanisms of pharmacodynamic substance and "pharmacodynamic group", it is found that they have great reference significance in target, pathway, biological function, determination of core pharmacodynamic components, formation of core target protein interaction, in-depth research of single pharmacodynamic substance, increasing curative effect and so on. By analyzing the internal mechanism of zedoary tumeric pharmacodynamic substance and "pharmacodynamic group" in the treatment of liver cancer, this paper intends to provide some ideas and references for the deeper pharmacological research of zedoary tumeric and the relationship between pharmacodynamic substance and "pharmacodynamic group".     

嘌呤能受体X1与肺腺癌预后及免疫细胞浸润的相关性研究

目的：探索嘌呤能受体X1(purinergic receptor，P2RX1)与肺腺癌(LUAD)患者预后及免疫细胞浸润的相关性。方法：利用生物信息学技术分析非小细胞肺癌中P2RX1的表达及其甲基化与患者预后的关系，对P2RX1共表达基因进行富集分析并筛选核心基因。利用TIMER 2.0数据库、R软件等分析P2RX1与免疫细胞、免疫检查点、免疫基质评分等的相关性。结果：P2RX1在LUAD中表达下调，低表达P2RX1的患者预后较差(P<0.05)，且P2RX1与肿瘤纯度、分期等临床病理因素有关(P<0.05)。P2RX1的表达与肺鳞癌患者预后无明显相关。Cg06475633等P2RX1 CpG位点甲基化与患者预后相关。P2RX1共表达基因主要富集于免疫细胞活化、分化等通路和生物学进程，核心基因主要包括BTK、IKZF1等。P2RX1的表达与B细胞浸润、免疫/基质评分、PD-1、CTLA-4等多个免疫检查点显著相关(P<0.05)。结论：P2RX1有望成为LUAD诊断和免疫治疗的新靶点。     

3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮的毒理学特性

3-硝基-1,2,4-三唑-5-酮（NTO）是一种不敏感含能材料，因其爆轰速度和压力与六氢-1,3,5-三硝基-1,3,5-三嗪（RDX）相似，合成和运输安全，已逐渐成为传统含能材料的替代品。近年来，随着国内外对含能材料毒性研究的不断深入，已证实NTO对生物体及生态系统具有多种毒性效应，主要表现为对哺乳动物的睾丸毒性。本文从生物代谢、生物毒性及生态毒性三个方面对NTO毒性进行系统概述，展望今后NTO毒性的研究方向，以期为NTO的职业健康风险评估提供可靠的毒理学基础。