大脑中动脉狭窄或闭塞患者侧支循环320排计算机断层扫描血管成像联合脑灌注成像研究

目的   利用320排计算机断层扫描血管成像（computed tomography angiography,CTA）及脑灌注成像（computed tomography perfusion imaging,CTP）探讨单侧大脑中动脉（middle cerebral artery,MCA）重度狭窄或闭塞的急性缺血性卒中患者侧支循环与脑灌注的关系。 方法  对72例单侧MCA重度狭窄或闭塞的急性缺血性卒中患者行头部320排CTA及CTP检查,根据有无侧支循环分为2组,对2组CTA和CTP情况进行分析比较。 结果  共入组72例患者,有侧支循环组58例,无侧支循环组14例。有侧支循环组38例（65.52%）MCA闭塞,无侧支循环组中5例（35.71%）MCA闭塞,两组差异有显著性（P=0.041）。有侧支循环组脑灌注代偿率高于无侧支循环组（68.97% vs 21.43%,χ2＝10.595,P＝0.001）;在CTP异常的68例患者中,有侧支循环者54例,无侧支循环者14例,有侧支循环组患侧的脑血容量［35.00（29.92,41.13）ml/100?g vs 26.25（18.23,37.18）ml/100?g］及脑血流量［（2.39±0.73）ml/100?g·min vs （1.75±0.72）ml/100?g·min］高于无侧支循环组,P分别为0.007和0.040。但2组患侧平均通过时间（mean transit time,MTT）及平均达峰时间（time to peak,TTP）差异无显著性。 结论  320排CTA联合CTP检查显示急性缺血性卒中患者中有侧支循环者脑灌注代偿率高,而且其脑血容量和脑血流量均高于无侧支循环者。     

颅内椎-基底动脉夹层形态学与后循环缺血程度的相关性研究

目的 研究颅内椎-基底动脉夹层不同形态类型及不同狭窄程度对后循环缺血的影响。 方法 回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心2015年12月-2019年12月经DSA确诊的椎动脉颅内 段及基底动脉夹层患者的多模式磁共振影像数据，利用MRA对后循环夹层的形态进行分组（瘤样 扩张型、线珠型、狭窄-闭塞型），并根据MRA和高分辨率磁共振管壁成像（high-resolution vessel wall imaging，HR VWI）上各病变狭窄率进行分组（无、轻、中、重度），比较不同分组之间低灌注区容积的 差异。 结果 共纳入颅内椎-基底动脉夹层患者34例。基于MRA的形态学分组，瘤样扩张型11例（32.3%） （低灌注区容积：18.99±21.63 mL）、线珠型15例（44.1%）（低灌注区容积：78.31±85.64 mL）、狭窄- 闭塞型8例（23.5%）（低灌注区容积：28.91±16.88 mL），不同形态分组之间低灌注区容积具有统计 学差异，其中线珠型的低灌注缺损最严重。基于MRA和HR VWI测量的病变血管不同狭窄率分组之间， 低灌注区容积均无统计学差异。 结论 基于MRA的症状性颅内椎-基底动脉夹层形态学可以反映脑组织的灌注缺损变化，其中线珠 型夹层可能引起更为严重的后循环缺血。     

经颅多普勒量化评估单侧颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞侧支循环的可行性

目的探讨经颅多普勒(TCD)量化评估单侧颈内动脉(ICA)重度狭窄或闭塞侧支循环的可行性。方法经多模式影像证实为单侧ICA重度狭窄或闭塞者145例,用TCD及DSA评估侧支循环,并行一致性检验。对结果一致的128例进一步行TCD侧支循环量化评分,设定前交通动脉(ACo A)开放3分、后交通动脉(PCo A)开放2分、眼动脉(OA)开放1分。将128例患者分症状组及无症状组,对两组侧支循环评分行受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)分析。以诊断最佳界值为截点分侧支循环不良组及良好组,比较两组患侧TCD及CT灌注(CTP)参数,并与Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(ASPECTS)行相关性分析。结果 (1) TCD评估ACo A、PCo A、OA与DSA的一致性均极佳(Kappa值=0.879、0.787、0.770,P 0.05)。(2)症状组与无症状组侧支循环评分间差异具有显著性(P 0.05)。(3) TCD侧支循环评分3.5分为诊断最佳界值,敏感度为73.7%,特异度为84.4%。(4) TCD及CTP参数:侧支循环不良组患侧大脑中动脉的平均流速、基底节区及颞叶的脑血流量和脑血容量均明显低于侧支循环良好组,而平均通过时间和达峰时间较侧支循环良好组明显延长(均P 0.05)。(5) TCD侧支循环评分与ASPECTS呈高度正相关(r=0.767,P 0.05)。结论 TCD可以量化评估单侧ICA重度狭窄或闭塞病变的脑侧支循环,对临床诊疗具有指导意义。     

动脉粥样硬化性大脑中动脉狭窄继发Moyamoya 综合征的脑血管病变及侧支循环分布模式

目的：探讨动脉粥样硬化性大脑中动脉狭窄继发 moyamoya 综合征的脑血管病变及侧支循环分布模式。方法收集2010年8月~2013年12月经 DSA 证实动脉粥样硬化性大脑中动脉狭窄患者26例。评估 moyamoya 血管网建立与颅内血管病变及软脑膜侧支循环开放度之间的关系。结果26例患者中 moy-amoya 综合征组17例,非 moyamoya 综合征组9例。moyamoya 综合征组4例患者在 MCA 闭塞侧 A1段表现为细小或缺如,而非 moyamoya 综合征组9例 A1段表现正常。moyamoya 综合征组11例在 MCA 一侧或对侧的 ACA 上发现动脉粥样硬化性狭窄或闭塞病变,而非 moyamoya 综合征组未发现上述病变（P =0.004）。非 moyamoya 综合征组所有患者均显示自 ACA 到达 M1或 M2节段足够的软脑膜侧支循环,而 moy-amoya 综合征组仅有8例（P =0.012）。结论动脉粥样硬化所致的 moyamoya 血管网重建可能与软脑膜侧支循环建立不佳有关。     

颈内动脉严重狭窄时脑部症状与Willis环侧支循环建立的关系

目的应用经颅超声多普勒(TCD)检测颈内动脉(ICA)严重狭窄,探讨Willis环的侧支循环与临床症状之间的相关性.方法分析34例ICA严重狭窄患者(其中有症状组16例和无症状组18例)侧支循环的类型、大脑中动脉(MCA)的平均血流速度(Vm)、脉动指数(PI)及频谱改变,并与30例正常人进行对照.结果存在3种侧支循环类型前交通动脉(ACOA)型,后交通动脉(PCOA)型,眼动脉(OA)型.无症状组的侧支循环中,ACOA型占88.9%,狭窄侧MCA Vm为59.1±8.7cm/s;有症状组ACOA型占50%,有4例未检出侧支循环,狭窄侧MCA Vm为48.6±7.3cm/s(P＜O.OO1).所有患者狭窄侧的MCA PI减低(p＜O.001),且频谱低平呈波浪状,波峰变钝,失去收缩峰的特征.结论TCD可以发现ICA严重狭窄患者Willis环侧支循环的显著异常改变,研究Willis环的侧支循环对ICA产重狭窄患者治疗和授后的判断其有重要的临床价值.     

颈内和大脑中动脉狭窄与闭塞的梗死类型及卒中机制的研究

目的 研究单侧动脉粥样硬化性MCA/ICA狭窄与闭塞的急性缺血性脑卒中患者在DWI上的梗死类型及发病机制.方法 起病48h内DWI诊断的急性脑梗死伴有动脉粥样硬化性MCA/ICA狭窄与闭塞的131例患者,有潜在心源性栓子患者除外.急性期DWI上梗死病灶分为：（1）单发病灶（小的穿动脉梗死灶;大的穿动脉梗死灶,皮层支梗死,大面积梗死,分水岭梗死）;（2）多发梗死病灶.结果 131例患者,ICA51例,MCA80例.ICA出现最多的梗死类型：穿支动脉伴分水岭梗死,但与MCA比较,皮层支伴分水岭梗死具有统计学意义（8/51,P=0.001）.MCA以穿支动脉伴皮层支梗死最多,且与ICA比较,具有统计学意义（12/80,P=0.003）.MCA中任何皮层支梗死与狭窄程度无关,ICA中任何分水岭梗死与狭窄程度相关.结论 颈内和大脑中动脉狭窄与闭塞在DWI上的梗死类型有明显的不同,提示有着不同的卒中发病机制.     

大脑中动脉闭塞患者侧支循环与脑灌注研究

目的探讨大脑中动脉(MCA)闭塞患者脑侧支循环建立情况及其对脑灌注的影响。方法 46例单侧MCA闭塞患者,均行320排CT血管成像(CTA)联合CT灌注成像(CTP)检查,根据侧支循环分布状况分为侧支循环丰富组和侧支循环减少组,获取双侧MCA供血区的各项脑灌注参数值,即局部脑血流量(cerebral blood volume,CBV)、局部脑血容量(cerebral blood flood,CBF)、达峰时间(time to peak,TTP)及平均通过时间(mean transit time,MTT),用Rcbv、Rcbf、Rttp、Rmtt表示患侧与健侧各灌注参数的比值。对比分析健患两侧的脑灌注差异及两组患者脑灌注的不同。结果相比健侧,患侧MCA供血区TTP明显延长(P0.05),CBV、CBF略升高(P0.05),MTT略延长(P0.05)。侧支丰富组Rcbv、Rcbf均高于侧支减少组(P0.05),Rmtt低于侧支减少组(P0.05),Rttp高于侧支减少组(P0.05)。结论丰富的脑侧支循环可以有效地改善闭塞MCA远端缺血区脑组织的血流灌注。     

颈动脉迂曲与前循环动脉瘤形成的相关性研究

目的 探讨颈动脉迂曲与前循环动脉瘤形成的相关性。 方法 采用头颈部CTA检查测量2018年1-6月100例前循环动脉瘤住院患者与同期100例无颅内动 脉瘤住院患者的颈总动脉（common carotid artery，CCA）迂曲指数（tortuosity index，TI）、颈内动脉 （internal carotid artery，ICA）TI、颈动脉夹角（ICA角）等指标，来衡量颈动脉的迂曲程度。Pearson相关 分析CCA TI、ICA TI、ICA角与一般危险因素的关系，使用单因素及多因素逐步Logistic回归分析颈动脉 迂曲与前循环动脉瘤形成的关系。 结果 前循环动脉瘤组高脂血症病史（43% vs 58%，P =0.034）、缺血性卒中病史（39% vs 58%， P =0.007）比例低于对照组，而C CA TI（1.409±0.135 vs 1.352±0.137，P =0.004）、I CA TI （1.592±0.186 vs 1.523±0.149，P =0.005）、ICA角（46.450°±6.465°vs 44.303°±6.409°，P =0.016） 均高于对照组。前循环动脉瘤组CCA TI与冠心病病史正相关（r =0.220，P =0.027），ICA TI与男性正相 关（r =0.244，P =0.025）。I CA TI（OR 4.694，95%CI 0.999～1.099，P =0.018）、I CA角（OR 1.052，95%CI 1.389～23.308，P =0.039）是前循环动脉瘤的独立危险因素，而缺血性卒中史患者较少发生动脉瘤 （OR 0.569，95%CI 0.313～1.017，P =0.045）。 结论 颈内动脉迂曲程度与男性相关，颈总动脉迂曲程度与冠心病病史相关，颈动脉迂曲程度是前 循环动脉瘤形成的独立危险因素,而缺血性卒中史患者较少发生动脉瘤。     

DSA评价颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者侧支循环与临床表现的关系

目的 利用数字减影血管造影（digital s ubtraction angiography,DSA）技术研究颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭 塞患者侧支循环状态,评估其与临床表现的相关性。 方法 本研究为回顾性研究,连续纳入首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院介入神经病学科2014年6 月-2015年9月经DSA诊断为颈内动脉重度狭窄（≥70%）或闭塞患者137例,根据是否出现与责任血管 相关的脑缺血症状和（或）神经系统定位体征,分为症状性狭窄组98例和无症状性狭窄组39例,收 集所有患者DSA检查结果,记录患者侧支循环代偿情况。将患者侧支循环状态按以下情况进行分类： ①侧支循环开放数量：分为未出现侧支和出现侧支组;根据侧支出现数量多少,分为出现侧支数＜2 和出现侧支数≥2两组。②各侧支循环开放情况：前交通动脉（anterior communicating artery,ACoA）, 后交通动脉（posterior communicating artery,PCoA）,眼动脉（ophthalmic artery,OA）,软脑膜吻合支 （leptomeningeal anastomoses,LMA）。③组合侧支开放情况：组合侧支按两种分类,一种根据Willis环开 放情况,一种根据是否出现二级侧支循环,分析组合侧支循环状态与两组间的关系。 结果 共137例患者,年龄范围34～82岁,平均（59.7±10.5）岁,其中男性97例（70.8%）,所有患者 出现侧支循环者94例（68.6%）,出现功能完整Willis环、ACoA、PCoA、OA、LMA的概率分别为14.6%、 58.5%、46.8%、43.6%、48.9%。无症状组39例,33例（84.6%）侧支循环开放;症状组98例,61例 （62.2%）侧支循环开放,无症状组侧支开放率显著高于症状组[84.6% vs 62.2%,P =0.011,优势比 （odds ratio,OR）=3.336],无症状组侧支数量≥2的患者所占比例显著高于症状组（64.1% vs 38.3%, P =0.007,OR =2.820）,无症状组功能完整Willis环者显著高于症状组（36.4% vs 13.1%,P =0.009, OR =3.786）。 结论 在颈内动脉重度狭窄或闭塞时,侧支循环与患者的临床表现密切相关,无症状的患者有更丰 富的侧支循环代偿途径及更完整Willis环,Willis环在侧支循环代偿中起重要作用。     

大面积脑梗死脑血流动力学动态变化研究

目的探讨大面积脑梗死后颅内血流动力学动态的变化特点。方法对58例大面积脑梗死患者采用影像学供血模型分为完全MCA型和MCA皮质型,利用床旁经颅彩色多普勒（TCD）于入院当天和1周内隔日1次及第14天动态检测颅内血流情况,通过测定脑底动脉血流速度、搏动指数及血流速度比值（RVACA）,观察颅内血管血流动力学变化。结果大面积脑梗死病灶侧大脑中动脉（MCA）平均血流速度（Vm）、颈内动脉（ICA）平均血流速度均明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,完全MCA型组较MCA皮质型组MCA血流速度明显减慢;完全MCA型与MCA皮质型梗死后动态观察MCA血流变化不明显,NIHSS评分及Pi在第3、5、7天较第1天明显增高（P〈0.05）,NIHSS评分变化最明显。结论大面积脑梗死患者可通过床旁TCD动态检测,及时发现侧支循环代偿及血管再通情况,评价颅内压动态变化,结合神经功能缺损评分,观察脱水降颅压治疗反应,为患者选择合适的治疗方案提供依据。     

经颅多普勒超声评估单侧颈内动脉颅外段闭塞患者颅内侧支循环的临床意义

目的 探讨经颅多普勒超声(TCD)评估单侧颈内动脉颅外段闭塞(ICAO)患者颅内侧支循环的临床价值.方法 回顾性连续纳入2018年1月至2020年12月就诊于苏州大学附属第一医院卒中中心、行颈部血管超声检查为单侧ICAO及数字减影血管造影(DSA)证实患者145例,其中症状组109例,无症状组36例.记录TCD评估颅内...     

Clinical implications of collateral middle cerebral artery flow in acute ischaemic stroke with internal carotid artery occlusion

Background and purpose: The presence of collateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow via the primary collateral pathway is thought to protect against the progression of cerebral ischaemia. However, there have been few reports on early clinical outcomes according to the presence of collateral MCA flow in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion. Therefore, we sought to investigate the early clinical outcomes and lesion patterns according to the presence of collateral MCA flows in AIS with ICA occlusion. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with AIS with ICA occlusion consecutively admitted to our stroke center between October 2008 and March 2010. Patients were included if they were admitted within 12 h of symptom onset with AIS and symptomatic ICA occlusion. Collateral MCA flow was defined as the presence of MCA signals from proximal M1 to distal MCA branches ipsilateral to the ICA occlusion by magnetic resonance angiography. Early neurological deterioration (END) was defined as a 4‐point increase in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score and persistent neurological deterioration for at least 24 h or newly developed neurological symptoms within 7 days. Results: Sixty‐five patients (42 men, 23 women) were finally included. Initial NIHSS scores were significantly lower, and favorable outcomes at 3 months were better in patients with collateral MCA flow than in those without (P < 0.001). Initial lesion patterns were different according to the collateral MCA flow. However, patients with mild AIS might more frequently deteriorate than those with moderate to severe AIS. Conclusions: In our study, collateral MCA flow reduced initial stroke severity and was associated with favorable outcomes at 3 months but did not seem to protect against END in mild AIS patients with ICA occlusion. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that mild AIS patients with ICA occlusion should be carefully managed because their conditions may deteriorate.     

不同大血管闭塞性急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓疗效比较

目的 对不同大血管闭塞所致的急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓疗效进行比较分析,探讨适宜静脉 溶栓治疗的大血管闭塞患者。 方法 本研究的入选患者来自中国急性缺血性卒中溶栓监测登记研究,从中选取所有完成了溶栓 前多模式计算机断层扫描（computed tomography,CT）或磁共振成像（magnetic resonance imaging,MRI）, 且血管成像提示有责任大血管闭塞的患者,对不同大血管闭塞的急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓的有 效性及安全性结局进行比较分析。 结果 共入选122例患者,大脑中动脉闭塞组溶栓后血管再通率为55.2%,而颈内动脉闭塞组为0%, 基底动脉闭塞组为40%。大脑中动脉闭塞组90 d随访生活自理［53.9% vs 21.1%,P =0.007,比值比 （odds ratio,OR）=5.68］及良好预后（42.7% vs 21.1%,P =0.041,OR =3.76）的比例均优于颈内动脉 闭塞组,死亡率低于颈内动脉闭塞组（4.5% vs 47.4%,P <0.001,OR =0.03）,而两组溶栓后的症状 性颅内出血发生率差异无显著性（1.1% vs 0%,P =0.962）。 结论 不同大血管闭塞性急性缺血性卒中患者静脉溶栓效果有明显差异,大脑中动脉闭塞患者静 脉溶栓开通率最高,疗效明显优于颈内动脉闭塞患者。     

大脑中动脉供血区梗死灶形态与可能发病机制的回顾性研究

目的 探索大脑中动脉(MCA)供血区的梗死灶形态与脑卒中可能发病机制之间的关系.方法 回顾性分析了148例连续的急性缺血性脑卒中患者,所有患者均为颈内动脉(ICA)系统脑梗死,DWI显示相应MCA供血区责任病灶,根据血管及心脏检查将患者分为ICA病变组、MCA病变组、ICA+MCA病变组、心源性栓塞组(CE组)及检查结果阴性组(NR组).将梗死灶形态分为单发和多发,前者按部位分为:穿动脉梗死灶(PAI)、皮质支梗死灶(PI)、分水岭梗死灶(BZ)、大面积梗死灶.结果 MCA供血区的梗死灶形态可分为12种;不同病变所致脑卒中的梗死灶形态存在差异(χ2=55.88,P=0.004).但在MCA组、ICA组、MCA+ICA组及CE组中,未发现各自特异的梗死灶形态,仅PAI更多见于MCA组;与NR组相比,ICA组患者中更多出现PAI伴PI(7/27,χ2=6.61,P<0.05),而MCA组和CE组均未见特征性的梗死灶形态.动脉狭窄的程度与梗死灶形态亦存在一定关联,重度ICA病变更多地表现为PAl伴PI(5/16,χ2=7.32,P<0.05);而重度MCA病变则好发PAI伴BZ(4/30,χ2=5.59,P<0.05)及PAI伴PI和BZ(6/30,χ2=6.41,P<0.05).结论 MCA供血区内的梗死灶形态与其颅内动脉病变之间存在一定的关系,揭示脑卒中发生的不同机制,可能与动脉-动脉栓塞、灌注不良有关;我们以检查结果阴性患者为对照比较,尚不能完全揭示MCA供血区内的梗死灶形态和与脑卒中的不同机制之间的相关性.     

急性脑梗死散在和单一弥散加权成像病损与其供血动脉狭窄的关系

目的 探讨急性脑梗死弥散加权磁共振成像(DWI)上大脑中动脉(MCA)供血区散在性或单一性缺血性病损与其脑供血动脉狭窄或闭塞的关系.方法 回顾性分析73例连续积累的DWI显示一侧MCA供血区脑梗死的病例,入组病例均排除心源性栓塞性脑梗死,所有患者均在发病24 h内进行MRI和MRA等检查,7例患者并进行DSA.采用DWI急性缺血性病损分类方法 分为散在病损组和单一病损组,比较两组的病灶同侧MCA、颈内动脉(ICA)颅内段和颅外段狭窄或闭塞的发生率.结果 散在病损组42例,单一病损组31例.在病损同侧ICA颅外段和MCA闭塞或重度狭窄方面两组差异有统计学意义(28.6%与0,x2=10.6,P=0.001).在病损同侧ICA颅内段并MCA轻中度狭窄方面,两组间差异具有统计学意义(31.0%与9.7%,x2=4.717,P=0.03).散在病损与MCA和(或)ICA严重或多发狭窄呈正相关(OR值为13.7,95%CI:3.6～52.5).在MRA或DSA未发现颅内外大血管狭窄方面,两组间差异具有统计学意义(11.9%与32.3%,x2=4.526,P=0.033).散在病损组与无明显血管狭窄呈负相关(OR值为0.284,95%CI:0.09～0.94).结论 (1)脑梗死急性期DWI显示的MCA区散在性病损患者,MCA和ICA狭窄、甚至闭塞的可能性较大,以ICA颅外段闭塞较为常见;(2)DWI显示单一病损时提示脑供血动脉狭窄程度较轻,范围较局限,小血管病变的可能性相对较高,很少为严重的ICA颅外段狭窄或闭塞.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the relationship between scattered or single lesion of acute cerebral infarction in middle cerebral artery territory on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and stenosis of middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery (ICA). Methods With exclusion of cardioembolism, 73 consecutive patients with acute cerebral infarction of the unilateral MCA territory on DWI were analyzed. All patients got magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and angiography (MRA) within 24 hours after onset, and 7 patients also had digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The patients were classified into single lesion group or scattered lesions group according to the DWI findings. The incidence of stenosis or occlusion of ipsolateral MCA, intracranial and extracranial ICA were compared between the two groups. Results 42 patients had scattered lesions and 31 patients had single lesion. The scattered-lesions group had a high incidence of ipsilateral extracranial ICA or MCA occlusion or severe stenosis ( 25.6%versus 0, x2 = 10.6, P = 0.001 ) and a high incidence of ipsilateral intracranial ICA or MCA moderate or mild stenosis (31.0% versus 9.7% ,x2 =4.717, P =0.03 ). A positive correlation was found between the scattered lesions and severe or multifocal stenosis of ipsilateral ICA and MCA ( OR: 13.7, 95% CI: 3.6 to 52.5). There was a low incidence of absence of extra- and intracranial stenosis on MRA or DSA in the scattered-lesions group ( 11.9% versus 32.3%, x2= 4.526, P = 0.033 ). A negative correlation was found between the scattered lesions and absence of large-artery stenosis ( OR: 0.284, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.94).Conclusions ( 1 ) Patients with acute cerebral infarction and scattered lesions on DWI were more likely to suffer from stenosis or occlusion of ICA or MCA, especially over the extracranial ICA. (2) Patients with single lesion were less likely to have severe or multiple stenosis of MCA and ICA, indicating the relevance of small-vessel pathogenesis.     

Middle cerebral artery occlusion in presence of low perfusion pressure increases infarct size in rats

A model was set up in order to evaluate the importance of hemispheric perfusion pressure when the middle cerebral artery (MCA) is occluded in anaesthetized rats. In 6 animals the internal carotid artery (ICA) was occluded prior to ipsilateral MCA occlusion; in 17 animals the MCA only was occluded; 6 animals underwent the same preparation, but the vessels were left unoccluded. Four days after surgery the infarct volume was measured with a computerized image analyser. The infarcted areas were significantly larger in the ICA + MCA occluded group compared with the MCA occluded group (p less than 0.005), which in turn had larger infarcts than the sham-operated animals (p less than 0.001). These results indicate that patients with hypoperfusion, due to severe ICA stenosis and impaired collateral blood supply, are at higher risk of developing major stroke, when embolism into a cerebral artery occurs, as compared to patients with no, or only minor, reduction in hemispheric perfusion pressure.     

FLAIR Vascular Hyperintensities in Acute ICA and MCA Infarction: A Marker for Mismatch and Stroke Severity?

Background: Vascular hyperintensities of brain-supplying arteries on stroke FLAIR MRI are common and represent slow flow or stasis. FLAIR vascular hyperintensities (FVH) are discussed as an independent marker for cerebral hypoperfusion, but the impact on infarct size and clinical outcome in acute stroke patients is controversial. This study evaluates the association of FVH with infarct morphology, clinical stroke severity and infarct growth in patients with symptomatic internal carotid artery (ICA) or middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Methods: MR images of 84 patients [median age 73 years (IQR 65-80), 56.0% male, median NIHSS 7 (IQR 3-13)] with acute stroke due to symptomatic ICA or MCA occlusion or stenosis were reviewed. Vessel occlusions were identified by MRA time of flight and graded with the TIMI score. Diffusion and perfusion deficit volumes on admission and FLAIR lesion volumes on discharge were assessed. The presence and number of FVH were evaluated according to MCA-ASPECT areas, and associations with MR volumes, morphology of infarction, recanalization status, presence of white matter disease and hemorrhagical transformation as well as with stroke severity (NIHSS), stroke etiology and thrombolysis rate were analyzed. Results: FVH were detectable in 75 (89.3%) patients. The median number of FVH was 4 (IQR 2-7). Patients with FVH >4 presented with more severe strokes due to NIHSS (p = 0.021), had larger initial DWI lesions (p = 0.008), perfusion deficits (p = 0.001) and mismatch volumes/ratios (p = 0.005). The final infarct volume was larger (p = 0.005), and hemorrhagic transformation was more frequent (p = 0.029) in these patients. Conclusions: The presence of FVH indicates larger ischemic areas in brain parenchyma predominantly caused by proximal anterior circulation vessel occlusion. A high count of FVH might be a further surrogate marker for initial ischemic mismatch and stroke severity.     

侧支循环对非急性前循环大动脉闭塞药物治疗患者长期预后的影响

目的 分析侧支循环对非急性期前循环大动脉闭塞患者长期预后的影响,为此类患者临床治疗决 策提供依据。 方法 回顾性收集2009年7月-2015年12月入住西安交通大学第二附属医院接受积极药物治疗的非 急性单侧症状性颈内动脉/大脑中动脉闭塞患者。根据美国介入治疗神经放射学会（American Society of Interventional and Therapeutic Neuroradiology,ASITN）/介入放射学会（Society of Interventional Radiology,SIR）侧支血流分级系统标准评估每位患者的侧支循环情况,分为侧支良好组（ASITN/SIR 分级0～2级）及侧支不良组（ASITN/SIR分级3～4级）。应用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析两组患者责任血 管相关缺血性血管事件复发及相关血管性死亡情况;采用Cox回归法分析缺血性血管事件复发的危 险因素。 结果 共纳入302例患者,其中222例为侧支良好组,80例为侧支不良组,随访2～8年,中位随访时 间为4.0（3.0～5.0）年。随访期间,共45例（14.9%）发生了责任血管相关缺血性血管事件复发。侧 支良好组缺血性血管事件2年累积复发率及死亡率均低于侧支不良组（血管事件复发率：14.3% vs 23.8%,P =0.008;死亡率：4.4% vs 10%,P =0.006）。Cox回归分析显示年龄≥60岁、冠心病史、侧 支循环差（RR 1.86,95%CI 1.03～4.53,P =0.041）和出院时mRS>2分（RR 3.43,95%CI 1.69～6.96, P =0.001）是影响责任血管相关缺血性血管事件复发的独立危险因素。 结论 对于非急性症状性单侧颈内/大脑中动脉闭塞患者,尤其侧支循环不良者,即使经过严格的 药物治疗,2年内仍存在较高的缺血性血管事件复发和血管性死亡风险。高龄、冠心病史、侧支循环差 和出院时mRS>2分是其缺血性血管事件复发的独立危险因素。