经股动脉球囊扩张式主动脉瓣置换术的初步经验

目的探讨经股动脉球囊扩张式主动脉瓣置换术治疗严重主动脉瓣狭窄患者的可行性。方法选取3例严重主动脉瓣钙化狭窄的患者,术前评估无法耐受传统开放手术,行经股动脉球扩式主动脉瓣置换术。结果 3例均经股动脉完成,其中1例经心尖穿刺辅助完成。3例手术全部成功,术后患者主动脉瓣功能显著改善,无并发症,无死亡。结论经股动脉球扩式主动脉瓣置换术可用于国人严重主动脉瓣狭窄患者,但在术前准备与评估、术中操作等方面提出了更高的要求。     

单中心100例经导管主动脉瓣置换(TAVR)结果分析

目的 报道单中心100例经导管主动脉瓣置换术(transcatheteraortic valve replacement,TAVR)结果,总结相关经验。方法 连续入选2010年10月至2018年3月在我中心行TAVR的主动脉瓣狭窄患者100例,观察分析手术成功率、死亡率、术后并发症等结果。结果 患者平均年龄(78.1±6.8)岁,其中男性68例,胸外科协会(Society of Thoracic Surgeons's,STS)平均分数9.9±6.0。12例患者经颈动脉途径,87例经股动脉,1例经升主动脉。均使用自膨胀瓣膜,手术成功率97%。术中预扩张球囊平均大小(19.6±2.0) mm,后扩张球囊平均大小(21.4±2.2) mm,瓣膜植入平均深度为瓣环下(4.3±3.4) mm。术前、术后平均跨主动脉瓣压分别为(51.3±19.7) mmHg和(11.7±6.1) mmHg (P<0.001),术前、术后瓣口面积分别为(0.6±0.2) cm2和(1.7±0.5) cm2 (P<0.001)。随访30天内,死亡率为2%,中风发生率为1%,永久心脏起搏器植入率9%,TAVR术后起搏器植入组与非起搏器植入组的瓣膜植入深度分别为(7.2±3.1) mm和(4.2±3.3) mm (P=0.011)。二叶式主动脉瓣组与三叶式主动脉瓣组在并发症及血流动力学方面未见明显异常。结论 TAVR对我国主动脉瓣狭窄患者具有较高的安全性及有效性,二叶式与三叶式主动脉瓣膜的手术结果相似。TAVR永久性起搏器植入发生率较低,这与植入深度密切相关,可能与较小球囊扩张有关。     

经心尖介入主动脉瓣膜植入术治疗高龄高危主动脉病变患者的围手术期护理

目的 探讨应用J-ValveTM系统经心尖途径主动脉瓣膜植入术治疗高龄高危主动脉瓣膜病变患者的围手术期护理策略.方法 选择2014年4月至2015年10月于四川大学华西医院行经心尖介入主动脉瓣膜植入术的主动脉瓣膜病变患者(包括主动脉瓣狭窄和主动脉瓣关闭不全)共56例,回顾性分析患者的围手术期护理策略.结果 56例患者均顺利完成手术,术后10例患者发生轻度瓣周漏,2例新发三度房室传导阻滞需行起搏器植入,1例出现伤口愈合延迟,4例出现呼吸功能不全.所有患者经及时对症处理,恢复良好,康复出院;术后1年随访,无病例死亡.结论 经心尖介入主动脉瓣膜植入术在我国高危老年主动脉瓣疾病患者中广泛开展,精准高效的围手术期护理是保证手术成功、减少术后并发症、加快患者术后康复和保证患者安全的重要一环.     

经导管主动脉瓣膜植入术的可选瓣膜植入途径

经导管主动脉瓣膜植入术（TAVI）是介入方法治疗严重主动脉瓣狭窄的一种新技术,经过十余年的发展,TAVI的效果与中期存活率与外科手术治疗效果相当。随着输送装置、支架瓣膜的改进,TAVI的适应证扩大,安全性、有效性进一步提升。本文将TAVI术中瓣膜植入途径的现状作一介绍。     

国人主动脉瓣狭窄主动脉根部解剖的研究

目的:随着经导管主动脉瓣置换术的发展,了解主动脉根部的解剖对于主动脉瓣瓣膜支架的选择和减少并发症是非常必要的?方法:34例主动脉瓣狭窄患者及39例正常对照行双源CT(Dual Source CT,DSCT)及经胸心脏超声(transthoracic echocardiography,TTE)检查,DSCT在斜冠状面及矢状面分别测量收缩末期及舒张末期主动脉根部各径线,瓣环直径和左室流出道直径?超声测量主动脉根部及左室流出道直径,并且和DSCT测量值对比?结果:主动脉瓣狭窄组左冠状动脉(left coronary ostia,LCO)高度?右冠状动脉(right coronary ostia,RCO)高度?冠状窦(sinus of Valsalva,SV)直径?左右冠状窦高度与对照组相比,差异无统计学意义;主动脉瓣狭窄组瓣环(aortic annulus,AA)直径?主动脉窦和升主动脉连接处(Sino-Tubular Junction,STJ)直径?升主动脉 (ascending aorta,AO) 直径?左室流出道 (left ventricular outer tract,LVOT) 直径?主动脉瓣和二尖瓣之间纤维结构(continuity fibrous,CF)距离,室间隔 (interventricular septum,IVS) 厚度明显比对照组大(P < 0.05)?主动脉瓣狭窄组及对照组收缩末期AA?SV?STJ?AO直径?IVS厚度明显比舒张末期大(P < 0.05),收缩末期LVOT直径明显比舒张末期小(P < 0.05)?主动脉瓣狭窄组及对照组AA及LVOT直径冠状面测量值均大于矢状面测量值?主动脉根部直径(AA?SV?STJ?AO)TTE测量值与DSCT测量值相比,相关性好(相关系数分别为r = 0.84,r = 0.87,r = 0.82,r = 0.82),差异均有统计学意义(P < O.05)?结论:主动脉瓣狭窄患者主动脉根部扩张?左室流出道变长扩张?室间隔变厚及冠状动脉变异较大,由于TTE的诊断作用有限,因此经导管主动脉瓣置换患者术前进行DSCT检查对于瓣膜支架的选择及减少并发症有重要意义?     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗选择与应用进展

重度主动脉瓣狭窄是常见的心脏瓣膜疾病，外科主动脉瓣置换术是其传统的治疗方法。随着技术的不断发展，经导管主动脉瓣置换术已成为无法行外科手术或手术风险较高的严重症状性主动脉瓣狭窄患者的有效治疗手段，其适应证也在不断扩大。该文阐述经导管主动脉瓣置换术在不同人群的适应证选择、手术入路、人工瓣膜类型选择、术后治疗和康复等进展，为主动脉瓣狭窄患者的治疗提供参考。     

主动脉瓣置换治疗主动脉瓣膜疾病的临床效果

目的研究主动脉瓣膜置换治疗主动脉瓣膜疾病的临床效果。方法选择2014年1月—2019年1月在皖南医学院弋矶山医院治疗的主动脉狭窄27例与主动脉关闭不全43例患者为研究对象,对主动脉狭窄与关闭不全的患者在全麻体外循环下行主动脉瓣置换手术,采用超声探明患者术前、术后主动脉瓣的情况。结果主动脉狭窄与主动脉关闭不全的患者均无死亡。在随访的6个月中,主动脉狭窄与关闭不全的患者均恢复良好,心功能均有明显改善(P <0.05)。结论主动脉瓣置换治疗主动脉瓣狭窄与主动脉瓣关闭不全有明显的效果,对缓解左心室扩大及恢复心功能有明显的临床疗效。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄的临床分析

目的评估经导管主动脉瓣置换术(TAVR)治疗重度主动脉瓣狭窄的疗效。方法35例重度主动脉瓣狭窄患者行TAVR治疗,分析手术即刻和术后1年的临床效果。结果所有患者均成功置入自膨式瓣膜。35例患者主动脉瓣跨瓣压差均明显下降,术中经食道超声心动图验证无主动脉瓣狭窄,其中1例患者有瓣周瘘,即刻给予瓣中瓣治疗,术中球囊预扩张时采用双侧颈动脉按压保护,未出现脑梗死等并发症。与术前相比,患者1年后随访的主动脉瓣狭窄明显改善,平均跨瓣压差下降,氨基末端B型利钠肽前体下降,纽约心功能分级减少,明尼苏达生活质量评分下降,左室舒张末期内径缩小,左室射血分数和6min步行试验明显提高(均P<0.05)。结论TAVR治疗高龄、重度主动脉瓣狭窄的疗效显著,可显著改善患者临床症状,但中远期效果有待进一步随访。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术中瓣中瓣技术的应用进展

 随着社会老龄化的进展,主动脉瓣疾病的患病率显著上升。目前经导管主动脉瓣置换术（transcatheter aortic valve replacement,TAVR）已成为中高危主动脉狭窄患者的首选治疗方案,且其在主动脉瓣反流患者中的应用不断增加。受到个体解剖结构、血流动力学及不同瓣膜特点的影响,部分患者在TAVR术中接受首个瓣膜植入后的效果欠佳。经导管瓣中瓣置入术在TAVR初次效果不佳患者中的应用不断增加,且多项临床研究显示其即刻效果及短中期随访效果良好。本文就TAVR术中需要瓣中瓣置入的危险因素、瓣中瓣技术的预后及技术难点作一综述。     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术围术期抗凝治疗策略的研究进展

<正>主动脉瓣狭窄是常见的心脏瓣膜病变,中重度狭窄瓣膜严重影响心脏正常的生理功能,进而导致心功能受损并累及其他脏器功能,主动脉瓣狭窄的主要治疗方式为外科瓣膜置换手术。经导管主动脉瓣置换术(transcatheter aortic valve replacement,TAVR)是当前主动脉瓣狭窄患者重要的治疗手段。作为传统主动脉瓣置换外科治疗的重要补充形式,TAVR具有积极和肯定的临床意义,尤其对于高龄且不能耐受开放性手术的主动脉瓣狭窄患者,TAVR的治疗优势尤为显著,具有创伤小、手术耗时短以及患者术后恢复快等特点。但随着治疗的推广和     

经导管主动脉瓣置换术的现状与发展趋势

目前,尽管严重主动脉狭窄的治疗指南仍以外科手术置换(surgical aortic valve replacement,SAVR)为治疗标 准,但随着大血管外科技术的不断发展,经导管主动脉瓣置换术(transcatheter aortic valve implantation,TAVI)逐渐成为 高危和禁忌SAVR患者的常规治疗措施。近年来各瓣膜厂商,包括国内医药公司,对瓣膜技术极力地推进,使得TAVI 技术取得了显著成效,加上其并发症也得到了有效控制,TAVI有望在治疗主动脉狭窄乃至关闭不全上取代传统术 式,应用前景可观。     

First transcatheter aortic valve implantation for severe pure aortic regurgitation in Asia

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become the standard of care for inoperable patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS), and an alternative to open aortic valve replacement for patients at high surgical risk. TAVI has also been performed in several groups of patients with off-label indications such as severe bicuspid AS, and as a valve-in-valve therapy for a degenerated surgical bioprosthesis. Although TAVI with CoreValve® prosthesis is technically challenging, and global experience in the procedure is limited, the procedure could be a treatment option for well-selected patients with severe pure aortic regurgitation (AR). Herein, we report Asia''s first case of TAVI for severe pure AR in a patient who was at extreme surgical risk, with good clinical outcome at six months.     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation versus surgical aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis: a meta analysis

Background Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as the treatment choice for non-operable patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis (AS) and may be a good alternative to sur...     

One-year results of transcatheter aortic valve implantation as an alternative treatment for severe aortic stenosis in high-risk patients

BackgroundAortic valve replacement (AVR) remains the gold standard treatment for symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS). For the past 10 years, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been applied in patients with high surgical mortality and morbidity risks. The preliminary results of our TAVI patients are presented in this study.MethodsTen high-risk patients with severe AS, for AVR, were referred and accepted for TAVI in the 6 month period from May 2010 to October 2010. The patient age, logistic EuroSCORE, femoral arterial diameter, aorta annulus size, aorta valve area (AVA), mean aortic pressure gradient (MPG), as well as coronary angiography results were all collected. Six patients were treated via the transapical approach in March 2010, whereas the other four were treated with the transfemoral approach, according to their femoral artery diameter and arterial quality. This study focuses on the immediate, 1 month, 3 month, and 1 year results of TAVI.ResultsThe average age of the 10 patients receiving TAVI was 81.5 years. The mean calculated EuroSCORE was 28.3 ± 7.9%. The mean AVA was 0.61 ± 0.19 cm². The MPG was 48 ± 16 mmHg. The surgical technical success achieved 100%. There was no reported moderate to severe postoperative paravalvular aortic regurgitation, permanent complete atrioventricular block, major access site complication, or embolic stroke. Chronic renal failure, which necessitated permanent hemodialysis, developed in 10% of the patients. One acute myocardial infarction and one case of pneumonia developed postoperatively. The AVA was increased by 251%, whereas the MPG was decreased by 80% at the 3 month follow-up. The 30-day mortality rate was 10%. The all-cause 1-year mortality rate was 20%.ConclusionThis new technique and device requires greater caution and needs more practice to accumulate sufficient experience. The studied patients were very fragile, due to old age and multiple comorbidities. Our results are similar to findings of multicenter trials. With careful patient screening and selection, TAVI can be a promising treatment for high-risk severe AS patients.     

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation: preliminary experience in West China Hospital

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a promising alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) who were deemed at a high surgical risk.This novel technique has kept evolving rapidly throughout the world in the past decade,but was not introduced to China until recently.Here we report our clinical experience in TAVI based on the largest cohort of Chinese patients in a single center.     

超声心动图在主动脉瓣反流患者经心尖主动脉瓣植入术中的应用

目的 探讨超声心动图在主动脉瓣反流患者经心尖主动脉瓣植入(transcatheter aortic valve implantation, TAVI)术前、术中及术后的作用。方法 31例中-重度单纯主动脉瓣反流或以主动脉瓣反流为主的外科开胸手术高风险患者行经心尖TAVI术。术前经胸超声心动图（transthoracic echocardiograghy,TTE）评估主动脉瓣反流程度、测量主动脉根部相关指标、左室收缩功能;术中介入操作前经食管超声心动图 (transesophageal echocardiography,TEE)再次准确评估,瓣膜植入过程中TEE联合X光造影指导人工瓣膜植入、监测并发症,术后即刻评估有无瓣周反流及程度;术后1周、1月TTE随访人工瓣膜血流动力学参数、有无相关并发症、左室收缩功能。结果 31例患者中,29例成功完成经心尖TAVI术。术后微量或无瓣周反流23例,轻度瓣周反流6例。左室舒张期内径、左室质量指数术后1周较术前显著减小,术后1月进一步减小（ P均<0.05),左室大小基本恢复正常;左室射血分数术后1周较术前降低（ P<0.05),术后1月恢复至术前水平。结论 经心尖TAVI术对于外科开胸手术高风险的主动脉瓣反流患者是一种安全有效的治疗方式,超声心动图在TAVI术前筛查及测量、术中监测、引导和术后随访中起着不可或缺的作用。     

Procedural results and 30-day clinical events analysis following Edwards transcatheter aortic valve implantation in 48 consecutive patients: initial experience

Background  Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a rapidly evolving strategy for therapy of aortic stenosis. We presented the procedural results and analyzed the death causes of 30-day mortality and clinical events in patients who underwent TAVI with Edwards prosthetic valves in University Hospital of Caen, France.

Methods  The patients with severe aortic stenosis but at high surgical risk or inoperable were considered as candidates for TAVI. Forty-eight patients undergoing TAVI from July 2010 to September 2011 were enrolled in this registry. The Edwards prosthetic valves were solely used in this clinical trial.

Results  Overall 48 patients underwent TAVI, 28 of which accepted TAVI by trans-femoral (TF) approaches, 20 by trans-apical approaches (TA). The aortic valve area (AVA) was (0.70±0.23) cm², left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was (57.4±17.6)%, Log EuroSCORE was (19.2±15.8)%, mean gradient was (47.0±16.6) mmHg. There were no significant differences between TF and TA groups in all these baseline parameters. Device success rate was 95.8%, and procedural success rate was 93.7% in total. Procedural mortality was 6.7% (3/48): two deaths in TA group (10%), and one death in TF group (3.6%). Forty-six Edwards valves were implanted: 10 Edwards Sapien and 36 Edwards XT. Procedure-related complications included cardiac tamponade in 2 cases (4.2%), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in 1 case (2.1%), permanent pacemaker implantation in 1 case (2.1%), life-threatening and major bleeding in 3 cases; access site related major complication in 1 case, AKI stage 3 in 3 cases (6.3%), minor stroke in 1 case (2.1%). Thirty-day survival rate was 89.6%. There were 5 deaths in total (10.4%): 4 in TA group (20%) and 1 in TF group (3.6%).

Conclusion  The procedural success rate and 30-day mortality were acceptable in these high risk patients with Edwards prosthetic valves in the first 48 TAVI.

     

二维超声心动图评价经导管主动脉瓣置入术后早期左心形态及收缩功能

目的 利用二维超声心动图监测并分析经导管主动脉瓣置入术（TAVI）术后早期患者心脏形态及功能状态。方法 选择2017年12月至2019年12月在我院心血管外科就诊并行TAVI的33例患者,收集患者年龄、性别、NYHA心功能分级、既往心脏外科手术史、美国胸外科医师学会（STS）评分、手术入路、并发疾病等基本资料,以及术前和术后早期（0~2个月）超声心动图检查数据。结果 33例患者中重度主动脉瓣狭窄（SAS）组20例,重度主动脉瓣反流（SAR）组8例,SAS合并SAR组（合并组）5例。术后早期SAS组1例患者2次因心律失常加重心力衰竭再次住院治疗,4例患者出现微量瓣周漏,1例患者出现大量瓣周漏;SAR组1例患者出现中度瓣周漏;合并组1例患者出现轻度瓣周漏。与术前相比,术后早期33例患者总体左心室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左心房容积（LAV）、最大主动脉瓣跨瓣压差（AVPG_max）均下降（P均<0.01）,主动脉瓣有效瓣口面积（AVA）增加（P<0.01）,左心室射血分数（LVEF）、室间隔厚度（IVST）、后壁厚度（PWT）均未发生明显变化（P均>0.05）;SAS组LVEF升高（P<0.05）,LAV、AVPG_max均下降（P<0.05,P<0.01）,AVA增加（P<0.01）;SAR组LVEDV、LAV均下降（P均<0.01）,IVST增加（P<0.05）;合并组LVEDV、LAV、AVPG_max均下降（P均<0.05）,AVA增加（P<0.01）。结论 对于SAS、SAR和SAS合并SAR患者,TAVI术后早期心脏逆重构、收缩功能均有不同程度改善。单纯SAR及合并SAS的高危患者可从TAVI获益。     

经皮导管内主动脉瓣置入术的麻醉管理

经皮导管内主动脉瓣置入术的迅速发展给麻醉医师带来了巨大的挑战,伴随着人工合成瓣膜技术逐步优化、操作者经验日渐丰富,成为越来越多外科手术高风险的主动脉狭窄患者的新选择。麻醉管理也越来越复杂且精细,需要麻醉医师掌握更多相关新知识、新技术,现就其麻醉方法的选择及其特殊性加以综述。