MnO2/CNTs复合材料的比表面积和负载量对超级电容器性能的影响

以多壁碳纳米管（CNTs）和高锰酸钾（KMnO₄）为原料,制备了MnO₂含量不同的MnO₂/CNTs复合材料。利用场发射扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了材料形貌的变化;利用氮气等温吸附研究了MnO₂含量对复合材料的比表面积和孔容的影响;并对复合材料进行了电化学性质测试。结果发现,MnO₂含量对复合材料的纤维直径、片层厚度及比表面积的影响显著;当KMnO₄的质量是碳纳米管的10倍时,所得复合材料的电容性能最优,比电容最高可达199 F/g,归一化后MnO₂比电容最高可达255 F/g。研究表明,当优化电极材料性质时,更大范围内的金属氧化物含量可能会影响到复合物的微观结构。     

氮硼共掺杂有序介孔碳的制备及性能

采用硬模板法,以间位碳硼烷为硼源、3-氨基苯基乙炔树脂为氮源和碳源、介孔二氧化硅（SBA-15）为硬模板,成功制备了氮硼共掺杂的有序介孔碳材料（NBC）。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、N₂吸附-脱附测试、透射电镜（TEM）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）研究了前驱体中B与N的物质的量之比（n_B/n_N）对NBC结构的影响。采用紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）研究了NBC对甲基橙染料的吸附性能。结果表明：NBC具有二维六方的有序结构,孔径可调且分布集中在3~6 nm。其中,NBC-1.0样品（n_B/n_N=1.0）具有最高的比表面积（1 560 m²/g）、最大比孔容（1.92 cm³/g）及高度有序性。相比于传统的活性炭吸附剂（吸附量61 mg/g）,NBC-1.0可以实现对甲基橙染料的快速、有效吸附,其吸附量可达214 mg/g。     

龙葵多糖细胞毒活性物质基础研究

目的 研究龙葵多糖细胞毒活性的物质基础。方法 从龙葵青果中分离出龙葵粗多糖;Sevage法除去游离蛋白;10%H₂O₂脱色,95%乙醇沉淀,分离出龙葵多糖。龙葵多糖经DEAE-52纤维素柱色谱分离得多糖-蛋白复合物;采用SDS-PAGE电泳法检测多糖-蛋白复合物是否为糖蛋白,并测定其相对分子质量;MTT法检测多糖-蛋白复合物对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的IC₅₀;多糖-蛋白复合物再经SephadexG-200凝胶柱色谱精制,采用MTT法进行活性检测。结果 SDS-PAGE电泳法测得龙葵多糖-蛋白复合物是相对分子质量3.0×10⁴和2.5×10⁴的2种糖蛋白的复合物,经MTT法测得其对乳腺癌细胞MCF-7的IC₅₀为804.51 μg/mL;多糖-蛋白复合物经SephadexG-200凝胶柱色谱精制得糖蛋白A、B,并测得其对MCF-7的IC₅₀分别为532.96、613.91 μg/mL。结论 龙葵多糖细胞毒活性的物质基础是相对分子质量为3.0×10⁴和2.5×10⁴的2种糖蛋白。     

钙改性NiO/ZnO-Al2O3-SiO2吸附剂成型后的 反应吸附脱硫性能

采用浸渍沉淀法制备钙改性NiO/ZnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂粉末吸附剂,通过压片成型方式制备成型吸附剂。比表面积及孔径分布（BET）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）表征结果表明,成型吸附剂ZnO和NiO晶体分布均匀,比表面积147.51 m²/g,孔容0.28 cm³/g,平均孔径6.38 nm。在420℃、氢气压力2.9 MPa、氢油体积比52.5、质量空速9.76 h^-1的反应条件下,成型吸附剂的穿透硫容可达46.51 mg/g,经过5个周期循环再生后脱硫性能保持优良。此外,吸附剂还具有一定的脱氮性能。反应后吸附剂的X射线能量色散谱（EDS）表征结果表明氧质量分数降低,硫质量分数增加;ZnO的XRD特征峰变弱,出现了明显的ZnS特征峰;X射线光电子能谱（XPS）结果表明吸附剂在结合能为852.78 eV处分裂出一个对应于NiS_x的特征谱,说明吸附脱硫过程有NiS_x的生成。     

SiO2-Bi2O3-BaF2-AlPO4玻璃掺杂Ho3+/Tm3+/Yb3+的发光性能

以铋硅酸盐玻璃（SiO₂-Bi₂O₃-BaF₂-AlPO₄）为基质,通过掺杂Ho³⁺、Tm³⁺、Yb³⁺稀土离子,制备激光波长为2 μm的光纤激光器。对玻璃的声子能量、物理和光学性能进行了研究,确定基质配方为50SiO₂-40Bi₂O₃-5BaF₂-5AlPO₄（SBBA,其中化学式前的系数为对应物质的摩尔分数,下同）。在玻璃基质中分别掺杂0.5Ho₂O₃-2.0Yb₂O₃（HY）、0.5Ho₂O₃-0.5Tm₂O₃-2.0Yb₂O₃（0.5HTY）及0.75Ho₂O₃-0.75Tm₂O₃-3.0Yb₂O₃（0.75HTY）,研究了980 nm激发波长下样品的吸收、发射光谱和Judd-Oflet理论光谱参数。研究发现SBBA-0.75HTY中Ho³⁺的吸收截面、发射截面（σ_em）、FWHM（半峰宽）×σ_em数值最大,分别为7.38×10^-21、10.54×10^-21 cm²和19.71×10^-26 cm³。掺入Tm₂O₃改善了玻璃激光器性能,且当Yb³⁺/Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺物质的量之比一定时,增加稀土离子含量,可加强红外发光及增益效果。     

中空纤维膜反应器结合芬顿试剂脱除燃煤烟气中的Hg0

将中空纤维膜反应器和芬顿试剂结合脱除烟气中的Hg⁰。研究了不同参数以及SO₂、NO和O₂等杂质气体对Hg⁰脱除的影响。结果表明：随着H₂O₂浓度、Fe²⁺浓度、溶液初始pH和温度的增加,Hg⁰脱除率先增加后降低,其最佳工作条件是H₂O₂浓度为6 mmol/L,Fe²⁺浓度为9 mmol/L,溶液初始pH为2.5,温度为20℃;增大液气比和通过减小气相流量增大停留时间均对Hg⁰脱除有增强作用,当液气比超过0.11时,Hg⁰的脱除率不再增加;当气相流量为0.6 L/min时,Hg⁰脱除率超过85%;SO₂、NO对Hg⁰的脱除有抑制作用,O₂对Hg⁰的脱除几乎没有影响;还测定出温度20℃下中空纤维膜反应器的比相界面积a=270.29 m^-1和传质动力学参数k_L=8.13×10^-4 m/s,k_G=0.786×10^-6 mol/（m²·s·Pa）。     

Nb2O5掺杂对SrTiO3陶瓷显微结构和微波介电损耗的影响

采用无压烧结工艺制备了Nb₂O₅掺杂SrTiO₃陶瓷,研究了Nb₂O₅掺杂量对SrTiO₃陶瓷相组成、显微结构和微波介电损耗的影响。结果表明：Nb₂O₅掺杂对SrTiO₃陶瓷的相结构没有产生明显的影响,但会在一定程度上阻碍样品的致密化,同时促进晶粒的生长。随着Nb₂O₅掺杂量的增加,SrTiO₃陶瓷的介电常数从296逐渐下降至230左右,温度系数从1.714×10^-3℃^-1逐渐下降至1.629×10^-3℃^-1,Q×f值则先急剧升高,之后又慢慢下降。当Nb₂O₅掺杂量为0.15%（质量分数,下同）时,SrTiO₃陶瓷样品的介电损耗最低,Q×f可达6 281 GHz,大约是纯SrTiO₃（1 145 GHz）陶瓷样品的5.5倍（此时介电常数约为270,温度系数约为1.684×10^-3℃^-1）。此外,对材料显微结构、介电常数、温度系数特别是介电损耗变化的原因进行了分析。     

N、P和K肥配施对川白芷产量及欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量的影响

目的 研究N、P和K肥的施用量及配比对川白芷产量和欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量的影响。方法 采用L₉(3⁴)正交组合设计田间试验,测定川白芷产量,HPLC法测定根部欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量。结果 不同N、P和K肥施用量及配比会显著影响川白芷的产量以及品质。N、P、K肥配施对川白芷的产量均表现为正效应,但对川白芷欧前胡素与异欧前胡素量的影响差异较大。在低K水平下（K₂O 120 kg/hm²）,适当增加N、P肥用量可增大欧前胡素的量;在高K水平下（K₂O 240 kg/hm²）,适中的N、P肥配比有利异欧前胡素的形成;在高N水平下（195 kg/hm²）,无论P、K肥用量及配比多少欧前胡素、异欧前胡素量均小于空白(ck)。正交方差分析结果还表明,N、P和K肥对产量影响均达极显著水平,影响顺序为P肥＞N肥>K肥;N、P和K肥对欧前胡素量的影响均达到了极显著水平（P＜0.01）,其中P、K肥影响比N肥大;但仅N肥对异欧前胡素量影响到达显著水（P＜0.05）。所有处理中,N施用量为150 kg/hm²,P₂O₅为225 kg/hm²,K₂O为120 kg/hm²,N-P₂O₅-K₂O的配比为1.3︰1.9︰1的产量和欧前胡素量最高,与ck之间的差异均达到了显著水平,同时异欧前胡素量也较高。结论 在本实验条件下,得到较适宜配施方案,从而使川白芷产量及欧前胡素和异欧前胡素量均提高。     

芳香化酶活性与多囊卵巢综合征脂代谢的相关性

目的 探究芳香化酶活性与多囊卵巢综合征内分泌代谢中的相关性,以及不同相关性指标间的芳香化酶活性的差异。方法 对符合纳入标准的757例PCOS组患者和132例正常对照组人群进行E₂/T和E₂/AND与内分泌代谢指标间的相关性分析。然后将存在相关性的指标作为分组标准,比较PCOS组与对照组间E₂/T或E₂/AND的差异性。结果 (1)两组间雌雄激素代谢的差异性:与对照组比较,PCOS组具有较高的E₂、T和AND值以及较低的E₂/T和E₂/AND值(P＜0.05)。(2)E₂/T和E₂/AND与内分泌代谢指标间的相关性:PCOS组的E₂/T与TC和LDL-C呈负相关;PCOS组的E₂/AND与BMI呈正相关;对照组E₂/T与TG和HDL-C呈正相关,与BIM、T和TC呈负相关,以上P＜0.05。(3)E₂/T和E₂/AND在不同BMI中的差异性:当BMI＜28.0kg/m²时,PCOS组的E₂/T均低于对照组;当18.5kg/m²≤BMI＜24.0kg/m²时,PCOS组的E₂/AND低于对照组(P＜0.05)。(4)E₂/T和E₂/AND在脂代谢中的差异性:当TG≥2.30mmol/L时,PCOS组的E₂/T低于对照组;对照组中TG＜2.30mmol/L时的E₂/T低于TG≥2.30mmol/L时;HDL-C≥1.00mmol/L,PCOS组的E₂/T小于对照组;PCOS组的内LDL-C＜4.10mmol/L时的E₂/T大于LDL-C≥4.10mmol/L时(P＜0.05)。结论 (1)PCOS患者与正常人比较,芳香化酶活性更低,并且此差异不受BMI的影响。(2)与E₂/AND比较,E₂/T与脂代谢间存在着更多的相关性,TG、HDL-C和LDL-C对芳香化酶活性的影响更加明显。     

羟胺促进柠檬酸-Fe2+活化过碳酸钠降解三氯乙烯

研究了柠檬酸（CA）螯合Fe²⁺活化过碳酸盐体系中投加盐酸羟胺（HAH）对三氯乙烯（TCE）的去除效果。结果发现,HAH能有效将Fe³⁺还原为Fe²⁺,强化TCE的去除效果。当TCE初始浓度为0.15 mmol/L时,n_SPC：n_Fe²⁺：n_TCE=5：3：1时,在CA浓度为0.5 mmol/L条件下,HAH最佳投加浓度为1.5 mmol/L,此时TCE去除率为99.6%。·OH对TCE降解的贡献度为79.2%,O₂^-·的贡献度为21.9%。HAH可减轻HCO₃^-对TCE降解的抑制效应,中间产物为甲酸、NO₂^-和NO₃^-。HAH利于SPC/Fe²⁺/CA体系降解TCE,该结果可为实际TCE污染地下水修复提供技术支撑。     

基于活化多孔碳负载聚苯胺正极和活化多孔碳负极的有机非对称超级电容器

采用KOH活化法制得高比表面积的活化多孔碳（aHPC）,借助原位化学氧化法制得疏松多孔的活化多孔碳负载聚苯胺纳米复合材料（aHPC@PANI）,并分别以aHPC及aHPC@PANI为负极与正极,以四乙基氟硼酸-乙腈为电解液,构建有机非对称超级电容器。电化学测试结果显示：在1 A/g电流密度下,aHPC@PANI正极与aHPC负极分别呈现256.7 F/g（-0.6~0.8 V）及152.4 F/g（-2~-0.6 V）的比容量;所组装的有机非对称电容器呈现宽电位窗口（2.8 V）,高的能量密度（在0.75 kW/kg功率密度下为56.2 W·h/kg）及优异的循环稳定性（循环5 000次后其比电容保持率高达92.4%）。     

气管插管后行过度通气对后腹腔镜手术患者术中肺功能的影响

目的 探究气管插管后行过度通气对后腹腔镜手术患者肺功能的影响。方法 选择择期行后腹腔镜手术患者44例,采用数字表法随机分为对照组（C组,n=22）和实验组（P组,n=22）。两组均采用间歇正压通气模式,吸入氧浓度为100%,氧流量为2L/min,吸呼比为1∶1.5。C组：气管插管后至气腹前行正常通气：潮气量10ml/kg,频率12次/分,气腹开始后改为潮气量8ml/kg,频率18次/分直至术毕。P组：气管插管后至术毕全程均行过度通气：潮气量8ml/kg,频率18次/分。记录诱导前（T₀）、气腹前（T₁）、气腹10min（T₂）、气腹30min（T₃）、气腹1h（T₄）、气腹结束（T₅）时的气道峰压、呼气末二氧化碳分压,并于上述各时间点分别行动脉血气分析,计算肺动态顺应性（Cdyn）、氧合指数（OI）、呼吸指数（RI）和肺泡-动脉血氧分压差（A-aDO₂）。结果 与C组比较,P组T_1~5时的呼气末二氧化碳分压及动脉血二氧化碳分压降低,T_1~4时气道峰压均降低,T_2~5时动态肺顺应性增高,拔除气管导管时间缩短（P<0.05）。与C组比较,各时间点两组的氧和指数、呼吸指数、肺泡-动脉氧分压差及皮下气肿、术后低氧血症发生率、住院天数比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 气管插管后即刻行过度通气有利于减轻后腹腔镜手术中的二氧化碳蓄积,同时对肺功能有一定的保护作用。     

A ventilation strategy during general anaesthesia to reduce postoperative atelectasis

Background. Atelectasis is common during and after general anaesthesia. We hypothesized that a ventilation strategy, without recruitment manoeuvres, using a combination of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and a reduced end-expiratory oxygen fraction (F_ETO₂) before ending mask ventilation with CPAP after extubation would reduce the area of postoperative atelectasis.

Methods. Thirty patients were randomized into three groups. During induction and emergence, inspiratory oxygen fractions (F_IO₂) were 1.0 in the control group and 1.0 or 0.8 in the intervention groups. No CPAP/PEEP was used in the control group, whereas CPAP/PEEP of 6 cmH₂O was used in the intervention groups. After extubation, F_IO₂ was set to 0.30 in the intervention groups and CPAP was applied, aiming at F_ETO₂ < 0.30. Atelectasis was studied by computed tomography 25 min postoperatively.

Results. The median area of atelectasis was 5.2 cm² (range 1.6–12.2 cm²) and 8.5 cm² (3–23.1 cm²) in the groups given F_IO₂ 1.0 with or without CPAP/PEEP, respectively. After correction for body mass index the difference between medians (2.9 cm²) was statistically significant (confidence interval 0.2–7.6 cm², p = 0.04). In the group given F_IO₂ 0.8, in which seven patients were ex- or current smokers, the median area of atelectasis was 8.2 cm² (1.8–14.7 cm²).

Conclusion. Compared with conventional ventilation, after correction for obesity, this ventilation strategy reduced the area of postoperative atelectasis in one of the intervention groups but not in the other group, which included a higher proportion of smokers.     

Clinical studies on high frequency two-way jet ventilation

Summary A new mode of jet ventilation, high frequency two-way jet ventilation (HFTJV) was devised and introduced to increase carbon dioxide elimination during jet ventilation. Its ventilatory efficiency and features were investigated and compared with those of high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV) in 10 patients with normal cardiopulmonary function. Random sample selection and randomized cross-over trial were used for comparison between HFTJV and HFJV at the same ventilatory settings of driving pressure 1 kg/cm² (14.22 Psi), respiratory rate 100/min and I/E ratio 1:2. Peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), end-expiratory pressure (EEP) and main variables of air blood gas analysis (PaO₂, PaCO₂, pH) were measured and recorded during the use of HFJV and HFTJV. PIP and EEP were significantly lower than with HFTJV than with HFJV. EEP of HFTJV showed a slightly negative pressure (−0.17±0.03 kPa). PaCO₂ with HFTJV was significantly lower than that with HFJV, but Pa₂ and pH with HFTJV were significantly higher than those with HFJV. HFTJV was shown to have a ventilatory feature of decreasing airway pressure and simultaneously increasing carbon dioxide elimination, as compared with HFJV. Whether this ventilatory feature of HFTJV can be utilized for various respiratory support in patients with abnormal cardiopulmonary function needs to be further studied.     

Role of Low Dosage Arsenic Trioxide on Pulmonary Dendritic Cells in Asthmatic Mice

Chinesescholarshaveachievedhighcompleteremissionrateinpatientswithacutepromyelocyticleukemia(APL),includingthatwithalltransretinoicacid(ATRA)resistance,byapplyingarsenictrioxide(As2 O3 )withoutcausingsuchsideeffectasbonemarrowinhibition,anddemonstratedthatitsmostimportanttherapeuticmechanismistoinduceapoptosisofAPLcells,whichisanotherstrikingfindingafterthatofATRA(1).Althoughitsthera peuticmechanismremainsunknown,recently,weobservedthroughaprimarystudythattheairwayin flammationofasthmati…     

Experimental study of Yishou Tiaozhi tablet() on inhibiting hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis) on inhibiting hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis

Objective: To observe the effect of Yishou Tiaozhi tablet(YSTZT) on lipid metabolism and aortic intimal atherosclerotic plaque coverage in rabbit model of experimental hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis.Methods: Thirty-two rabbits were randomly divided into four groups, Group A, B, C and D, 8 in each group. Forage with cholesterol and lipid plus 1.59 g/kg of YSTZT was fed to Group A every day; for Group B, 22.54 mg/kg gypenoside tablet was added to forage with cholesterol and lipid; for Group C, hyperlipid forage was given and for Group D, only ordinary forage was given. Biochemical parameters were measured and pathomorpho-logical examinations were carried out 6 weeks later.Results: (1) YSTZT obviously lowered the levels of serum total cholesterol(TC), triglyceride(TG), atherosclerotic index(AI), apoprotein(ApoB), lipoprotein [Lp(a)], oxygen-low density lipoprotein cholesterol (ox-LDL), hydroxyproline(HYP), plasma Ca²⁺, thromboxane B₂ (TXB₂), and increased the levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), apoprotein A₁ (Apo A₁), ApoA₁/ApoB, plasma 6-keto-PGF_lα (P < 0.01). (2) Pathomorphological examination showed that in Group A aortic intimal atherosclerotic plaque area and arterial intima thickness were obviously reduced, smooth muscle cell hyperplasia and elastic fibers were not seen.Conclusion: YSTZT can inhibit experimental hyperlipemia and atherogenesis. It is an ideal and effective medicine in preventing and treating hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis.     

Pretreatment of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction (芍药甘草汤) Alters Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Paclitaxel in Rats

Objective:To investigate the effect of Shaoyao Gancao Decoction(芍药甘草汤,SGD) on the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered paclitaxel in rats.Methods:Paclitaxel was intravenously administered to rats(3 mg/kg) with or without the concomitant administration of SGD(752 mg/kg,a single day or 14 consecutive days pretreatment).The paclitaxel in the serum was quantified using a simple and rapid ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) method for the pharmacokinetic study.The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated via a non-compartment model using the computer program DAS 2.0.Results:The pharmacokinetic parameters of paclitaxel were significantly altered in response to 14 consecutive days of pretreatment with SGD.The area under the curve(AUC_(0-t),from 4 820 ± 197 to 4 205 ± 186 ng·mL~(-1)·h~(-1))and AUC_(0-∞)(from 5 237 ±280 to 4 514 ± 210 ng·mL~(-1)·h~(-1)) significantly decreased in response to the 14-day pretreatment with SGD.The values of V_(dss)(L/kg) were 10.74 ±1.08 and 9.35 ±0.49,those of CL(L/kg) were0.67 ±0.03 and 0.57 ±0.03 and the t_(1/2)(h) values were 11.17 ±0.84 and 11.32 ±0.93,respectively,for the14-day SGD pretreatment and intravenous paclitaxel alone.The AUC_(0-t) and AUC_(0-∞) values decreased by13%and 14%(P0.01),respectively.The area under the curve decreased significantly(P0.01),and the total clearance increased by 1.2-fold(P0.01),after 14 consecutive days of pretreatment with SGD.A single-day pretreatment with SGD did not significantly affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of paclitaxel.Conclusions:SGD administration for 14 consecutive days increased the metabolism of paclitaxel,while a 1-day pretreatment had little effect.The results would contribute important information to the study on interaction between Chinese medicines and chemotherapy and also help to utilize SGD better in the adjunctive therapy of cancer patients.     

基于LC-MS/MS 研究异夏佛塔苷在大鼠体内药代动力学及其绝对生物利用度

建立LC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血浆中异夏佛塔苷的浓度，研究异夏佛塔苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学特性及其绝对生物利用度。分别灌胃给药1.5、3.0、6.0 mg/kg和静脉注射异夏佛塔苷0.5 mg/kg后，建立LC-MS/MS分析方法测定大鼠血浆中异夏佛塔苷的含量，运用 DAS 3.0软件计算药代动力学参数。异夏佛塔苷在1.0~500.0 ng/mL内线性良好(r=0.997 6)，专属性、精密度和准确度、基质效应和提取回收率以及稳定性均符合生物样本分析要求。药代动力学参数显示:灌胃给药低、中、高3个剂量组，c_max分别为(109.34±22.87)、(259.84±95.35)、(499.26±288.09)ng/mL，AUC_0-t分别为(310.57±46.18)、(552.67±207.14)、(1 075.03±371.19)h·ng/mL，t_1/2分别为(2.36±0.22)、(2.91±0.19)、(3.04±0.86)h，t_max分别为(1.03±0.25)、(1.18±0.17)、(1.5±0.43)h，MRT_0-t分别为(11.33±1.53)、(11.27±1.09)、(8.29±0.76)h；静脉注射后，AUC_0-t为(1 536±421.3)h·ng/mL，t_1/2为(2.57±0.46)h，MRT_0-t为(9.55±2.37)h，绝对生物利用度分别为6.73%，5.99%，5.80%。结果表明，本研究所建立的LC-MS/MS分析方法可应用于异夏佛塔苷在大鼠体内的药代动力学特性研究。